荧光原位杂交技术在植物学中的应用

荧光原位杂匀技术（fluorescence in situ hybridization,FISH）是80年代末才发展起来的一种非放射性原位杂交技术。作为一种新型的细胞分子遗传学技术,目前已广泛应用于细胞遗传学、分子生物学等领域。本文简要综述了该技术的基本原理与特点及其在植物学中的应用,包括在异源染色质的鉴定、染色体物理图谱的构建和染色体RNA及植物基因组进货中的应用。     

荧光原位杂交技术在植物学中的应用

荧光原位杂交技术（fluorescence 〖WTBX〗in situ 〖WTBZ〗hybridization, FISH）是80年代末才发展起来的一种非放射性原位杂交技术。作为一种新型的细胞分子遗传学技术,目前已广泛应用于细胞遗传学、分子生物学等领域。本文简要综述了该技术的基本原理与特点及其在植物学中的应用,包括在异源染色质的鉴定、染色体物理图谱的构建和染色体RNA及植物基因组进化中的应用。     

荧光原位杂交技术及其应用

荧光原位杂交技术(FISH)始于70年代后期,曾多用于染色体异常的研究,近年来随着FISH所应用的探针种类的不断增多,特别是全Cosmid探针及染色体原位抑制杂交技术的出现,使FISH技术不仅在细胞遗传学方面,而且还广泛应用于肿瘤学研究,如基因诊断、基因定位等。本文对FISH探针标记、信号处理等有关技术特点以及在细胞遗传学研究、基因图谱绘制、基因扩增检测等方面的应用做了具体的 综述。     

荧光原位杂交技术的研究进展

荧光原位杂交(FISH)是在染色体、间期细胞核和DNA纤维上进行DNA序列定位的一种有效手段。近年来,围绕提高检测的分辨率和灵敏性,不断将免疫染色、量子点和微流控芯片等物理化学技术引入到荧光原位杂交中,促进了它的快速发展。本文主要综述了荧光原位杂交的基本原理和发展历程,重点介绍了免疫染色-荧光原位杂交(immuno-FISH)、量子点-荧光原位杂交(QD-FISH)和微流控芯片-荧光原位杂交(FISH on microchip)等多种新技术及其检测特点,如快速、灵敏、动态、多样化等。随着荧光原位杂交技术的不断完善与发展,将在细胞遗传学、表观遗传学及分子生物学等领域发挥更加重要的作用。     

荧光原位杂交技术及其在医学诊断上的应用

荧光原位杂交技术是近年来生物学领域发展起来的将经典的细胞遗传学与分子遗传学结合起来一项新技术。该技术具有广泛的应用潜力,在细胞生物学、分子生物学、医学等众多领域快速发展。本文介绍了荧光原位杂交技术的基本原理和操作方法,并对该技术目前的发展状况以其在医学诊断上的应用进行了阐述。     

植物体细胞无性系变异研究进展

植物体细胞无性系变异是植物组织培养中的普遍现象,泛指在植物细胞、组织和器官培养过程中,培养细胞和再生植株中产生的遗传变异或表观遗传学变异。植物体细胞无性系变异的发生有其遗传学基础,可从形态学、细胞学、生物化学和分子生物学等多个方面对其进行综合检测和鉴定。植物体细胞无性系变异是植物育种的有利资源。但同时也是植物微繁和遗传转化工作中需要克服的一大难题,一直被众多研究者所关注。本文分别从细胞学和分子生物学两个层次综述了植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传学基础及其鉴定方法的研究进展．并就其在植物品质改良中的应用现状、存在的问题和应用前景进行了讨论。     

植物体细胞无性系变异研究进展

植物体细胞无性系变异是植物组织培养中的普遍现象,泛指在植物细胞、组织和器官培养过程中, 培养细胞和再生植株中产生的遗传变异或表观遗传学变异。植物体细胞无性系变异的发生有其遗传学基础, 可从形态学、细胞学、生物化学和分子生物学等多个方面对其进行综合检测和鉴定。植物体细胞无性系变异是植物育种的有利资源, 但同时也是植物微繁和遗传转化工作中需要克服的一大难题,一直被众多研究者所关注。本文分别从细胞学和分子生物学两个层次综述了植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传学基础及其鉴定方法的研究进展,并就其在植物品质改良中的应用现状、存在的问题和应用前景进行了讨论。     

FISH在人类未受精卵染色体异常分析中的应用

分子细胞遗传学的主要技术代表———荧光原位杂交 (FISH)是用荧光标记的依靠探针杂交原理在细胞核中或染色体上显示某一特定核酸序列的位置 ,并可进行相对定量分析 .它广泛应用于遗传病的诊断、产前诊断、肿瘤遗传学、进化遗传学研究和基因定位等领域 ,随着辅助生殖技术的进展 ,将在植入前胚胎遗传学诊断 (PGD)、生殖细胞 (卵母细胞和精子 )染色体异常的研究方面发挥更大的用途 .它是联系分子遗传学和细胞遗传学之间的桥梁 .     

2011全国植物生物学研讨会即将在南宁召开

为促进我国从事植物遗传学、分子生物学、细胞生物学、功能基因组学、分子育种等领域的科研人员之间的交流,研讨相关领域的最新成果和进展,中国遗传学会植物遗传和基因组学专业委员会、中国植物生理学会细胞与发育生物学专业委员会和分子生物学专业委员会、中国植物学会植物生理及分子生物学专业委员会与中国细胞生物学学会植物     

FISH技术的临床应用研究

荧光原位杂交（FISH）是染色体显带技术的补充和发展,以人类精子,早期胚胎等间期核及中期染色体为材料,用FISH技术检测染色体的数目异常和微小的结构异常。结果快速准确,显示它较之传统的细胞遗传学技术诊断具有明显的优越性,在临床应用中有广泛的前景。     

Current status and the future of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in plant genome research.

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which allows direct mapping of DNA sequences on chromosomes, has become the most important technique in plant molecular cytogenetics research. Repetitive DNA sequence can generate unique FISH patterns on individual chromosomes for karyotyping and phylogenetic analysis. FISH on meiotic pachytene chromosomes coupled with digital imaging systems has become an efficient method to develop physical maps in plant species. FISH on extended DNA fibers provides a high-resolution mapping approach to analyze large DNA molecules and to characterize large genomic loci. FISH-based physical mapping provides a valuable complementary approach in genome sequencing and map-based cloning research. We expect that FISH will continue to play an important role in relating DNA sequence information to chromosome biology. FISH coupled with immunoassays will be increasingly used to study features of chromatin at the cytological level that control expression and regulation of genes.     

荧光原位杂交技术在植物细胞遗传学和绘制基因图谱中的应用现状与展望

荧光原位杂交是在分子水平上检测外源染色质的一种有效方法。其探针主要有染色体重复序列、总基因组DNA、寡单拷贝序列和染色体涂色集中等,该技术在研究植物细胞遗传学、基因扩增、基因作图及植物进化和亲缘关系的鉴定上已广泛应用。简要概述了荧光原位杂交技术在植物细胞遗传学和绘制基因图谱中的应用现状与展望。     

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of the Antirrhinum majus genome

As a model system in classical plant genetics, the genus Antirrhinum has been well studied, especially in gametophytic self-incompatibility, flower development biology, and transposon-induced mutation. In contrast to the advances in genetic and molecular studies, little is known about Antirrhinum cytogenetics. In this study, we isolated two tandem repetitive sequences, CentA1 and CentA2, from the centromeric regions of Antirrhinum chromosomes. A standard karyotype has been established by anchoring these centromeric repeats on meiotic pachytene chromosome using FISH. An ideogram based on the DAPI-staining pattern of pachytene chromosomes was developed to depict the distribution of heterochromatin in the Antirrhinum majus genome. To integrate the genetic and chromosomal maps, we selected one or two molecular markers from each linkage group to screen an Antirrhinum transformation-competent artificial chromosome (TAC) library. These genetically anchored TAC clones were labeled as FISH probes to hybridize to pachytene chromosomes of A. majus. As a result, the relationship between chromosomes and the linkage groups (LGs) in Antirrhinum has been established.     

Fluorescence in situ hybridization: applications in cytogenetics and gene mapping

Unique sequences, chromosomal subregions, or entire genomes can be specifically highlighted in metaphase or interphase cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). This technique can be used to identify chromosomes, detect chromosomal abnormalities or determine the chromosomal location of specific sequences. FISH plays an increasingly important role in a variety of research areas, including cytogenetics, prenatal diagnosis, tumor biology, gene amplification and gene mapping.     

Use of interphase cytogenetics in demonstrating specific chromosomal aberrations in solid tumors--new insights in the pathogenesis of malignant melanoma and head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The detection of structural and numerical chromosomal aberrations is an important part of the characterization of tumors and genetic diseases. The direct demonstration of DNA sequences in interphase nuclei and metaphases by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been termed interphase cytogenetics. It has been proven as a powerful technique to detect specific aberrations in a wide variety of cell types, including paraffin-embedded tissue. Nowadays a standard method in leukemia and lymphoma, interphase cytogenetics contributes mainly to the diagnosis in these tumors and helps to classify soft tissue tumors. Therefore FISH is mandatory for the choice of therapy in these tumors. In contrast to the aforementioned, up to now, the value of FISH in solid tumors is mostly limited to pure research and contributes in this way to our understanding of tumor biology. But with the use of paraffin-embedded tissue and the first results obtained, it seems very likely that a direct correlation between histological classification and cytogenetic characteristics of solid tumors can be achieved in the near future. This information might not only provide insights into tumor biology, but could also contribute to a different tumor classification, a sort of risk estimation, where we might predict the possible biological behavior of solid tumors. This could greatly influence further therapeutic decisions thus establishing the FISH technique as an indisputable part in the diagnosis of solid tumors.     

Construction of a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library for potato molecular cytogenetics research.

Lack of reliable techniques for chromosome identification is the major obstacle for cytogenetics research in plant species with large numbers of small chromosomes. To promote molecular cytogenetics research of potato (Solanum tuberosum, 2n = 4x = 48) we developed a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) library of a diploid potato species S. bulbocastanum. The library consists of 23,808 clones with an average insert size of 155 kb, and represents approximately 3.7 equivalents to the potato genome. The majority of the clones in the BAC library generated distinct signals on specific potato chromosomes using fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The hybridization signals provide excellent cytological markers to tag individual potato chromosomes. We also demonstrated that the BAC clones can be mapped to specific positions on meiotic pachytene chromosomes. The excellent resolution of pachytene FISH can be used to construct a physical map of potato by mapping molecular marker-targeted BAC clones on pachytene chromosomes.