荧光原位杂交技术的研究进展

荧光原位杂交(FISH)是在染色体、间期细胞核和DNA纤维上进行DNA序列定位的一种有效手段。近年来,围绕提高检测的分辨率和灵敏性,不断将免疫染色、量子点和微流控芯片等物理化学技术引入到荧光原位杂交中,促进了它的快速发展。本文主要综述了荧光原位杂交的基本原理和发展历程,重点介绍了免疫染色-荧光原位杂交(immuno-FISH)、量子点-荧光原位杂交(QD-FISH)和微流控芯片-荧光原位杂交(FISH on microchip)等多种新技术及其检测特点,如快速、灵敏、动态、多样化等。随着荧光原位杂交技术的不断完善与发展,将在细胞遗传学、表观遗传学及分子生物学等领域发挥更加重要的作用。

Recent Advances in Fluorescence in situ Hybridization

Fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH） is an effective tool for mapping specific DNA sequences on chromosomes, interphase nuclei, and DNA fibers. In recent years, rapid development of FISH has been made by improving resolution and sensitivity and by combining immunostaining, quantum dots and microfluidic chips, and other physical and chemical technologies. We reviewed the basic principles and research advances in FISH, especially the most recent technologies of immuno-FISH, quantum dot-FISH, and FISH on microchip. Their rapid, sensitive, dynamic, and diverse characteristics were also discussed. With its continued improvement and development, FISH will play an increasingly important role in cytogenetics, epigenetics, molecular biology and other research areas.