异常汉逊酵母BD102金属硫蛋白的分离纯化和鉴定

从异常汉逊酵母中分离出拮抗Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺等重金属、并经铜、镉诱导产生金属硫蛋白的异常汉逊酵母 (Hansenulaanomala)BD1 0 2。无细胞抽提液经SephadexG 50、DEAESepharoseCL 6B、SephadexG 2 5三次凝胶及阴离子交换柱层析分离纯化 ,Cu²⁺诱导得到Cu MTs两个亚型 ,Cd²⁺诱导得到Cd MT一个亚型。Mr分别约为 7kD和 7 5kD ,由 60和 61个氨基酸组成 ,其中半胱氨酸含量各为 6.8%和 1.0 %。每分子金属硫蛋白 (Cu MTs或Cd MT)可结合 4个铜或镉原子     

有淀粉糖化酶活性的耐高温酿酒酵母的构建研究

通过诱导Hu—TY一1(耐高温酿酒酵母)产孢及单孢分离得到的单倍体株Hu—TY—l—A(Sa-ccharamyces cerevisiae)与具有STAl、STA2、STA3(淀粉糖化酶)遗传因子的酵母(S．Dias-taticus)单倍体和纯合二倍体进行相同交配型的种间原生质体融合,融合率为3．3×1O^-6-8．7×1O^-6。融合子的细胞形态、大小、DNA含量、生长和发酵特性等方面均不同于亲株。融合株BA-2、BA-3、CA-18、DA-2、CCA-30、其细胞体积与DNA含量为亲株之和,30℃生长速率与生物量为亲株的2—3倍,40℃生长速率与生物量为亲株HU－TY－1－A的1．3－1．6倍,能够利用淀粉,并且在40℃高温葡萄糖发酵酒精产率比糖化酵母高,比HU－TY－1－A低,是一些有淀粉糖化酶、耐高温的酿酒酵母新菌株。     

青霉菌Penicillium janthinellum菌株GXCR的高抗重金属盐及其对Cu2+和Zn2+离子吸收的特性

从广西某矿区污泥中分离了一株高抗Cu²⁺的真菌,编号为GXCR,根据形态和5.8SrRNA基因的内转录间隔子区的DNA序列同源性将其鉴定为Penicilliumjanthinellum。GXCR能够耐200mmolL^-1的Cu²⁺,在5mmolL^-1Mn²⁺存在下,可在含800mmolL^-1Cu²⁺的PDA上生长。在PDA培养基上,限制GXCR生长的其它金属盐的最小浓度(mmolL^-1)依次为:Zn²⁺,>1200;Al³⁺,>500;Na⁺,>250;Mn²⁺,>200;Cd²⁺,50;Cr³⁺,>60;Cr⁶⁺,>3;Ni²⁺,20;Pb²⁺,50。对Cu²⁺、Cr⁶⁺、Pb²⁺和Zn²⁺,的抗性是pH依赖性的,在pH37,随着pH的升高,其抗性急剧下降。在含3种金属盐混合物的PDL(未添加琼脂的PDA)中的GXCR生长的正交实验结果表明:金属盐之间存在显著的毒性协同效应;毒性协同效应强度不仅与盐的种类也与组成盐之间的浓度相关;GXCR有较高的抗3种金属盐混合物的能力。原子吸收测定结果表明:在含20mmolL^-1Cu²⁺去离子水溶液中,未经NaOH预处理的自然菌体的Cu2+吸收量为38.1mgg^-1干菌体     

重金属Cd2+和Cu2+胁迫下泥蚶消化酶活性的变化

为了探讨重金属Cd²⁺和Cu²⁺胁迫对泥蚶消化酶活性的影响,运用酶学分析的方法,按《渔业水质标准》（GB 11607）规定的Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺最高限量值的1、2、5、10倍设置重金属离子Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺浓度及其组合,研究了在重金属Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺胁迫下,30d内泥蚶3种消化酶活性的变化规律。结果表明：与空白对照组相比,在重金属Cd²⁺、Cu²⁺或其组合的胁迫下,较低浓度组泥蚶的淀粉酶活性实验前期增强（即被诱导）,实验后期减弱（即被抑制）,较高浓度组泥蚶的淀粉酶活性从实验一开始就减弱,并保持在较低水平,毒性比较,同一重金属高浓度 > 低浓度,不同重金属及其组合Cu²⁺ > （Cd²⁺+Cu²⁺）组合 > Cd²⁺;泥蚶脂肪酶的活性实验前期增强,实验后期转为微减弱或减弱,毒性比较,同一重金属高浓度 > 低浓度,不同重金属及其组合（Cd²⁺+Cu²⁺）组合 > Cu²⁺ > Cd²⁺;泥蚶胃蛋白酶的活性实验前期增强,且活性呈现升高-降低-再升高-再降低的变化,实验后期分别表现微增强、微减弱和减弱,毒性比较,同一重金属高浓度 > 低浓度,不同重金属及其组合（Cd²⁺+Cu²⁺）组合 > Cu²⁺ > Cd²⁺。可见：环境中的Cd²⁺和Cu²⁺对泥蚶的消化酶活性起着明显的影响作用。     

Cu2+污染土壤接种AM真菌对紫云英生长的影响

通过5个土壤Cu²⁺水平(0,20,50,100,150mgkg-1)的盆栽试验,研究了不同土壤Cu²⁺水平接种AM真菌对紫云英生长的影响。结果表明:(1)随着土壤Cu²⁺水平升高,紫云英生物量下降,与未接种相比,接种AM真菌明显提高了紫云英的生物量,接种G.intraradices对紫云英生物量的提高比接种G.mosseae更为明显,两者间呈显著性差异。(2)随着土壤Cu²⁺水平升高,紫云英根段浸染率下降,菌丝琥珀酸脱氢酶、碱性磷酸酶活性也下降。(3)在相同土壤Cu²⁺水平接种不同的AM真菌,紫云英根段浸染率有显著差异,接种G.intraradices的紫云英根段浸染率显著高于接种G.mosseae的处理,其菌丝琥珀酸脱氢酶活性及碱性磷酸酶活性也显著高于接种G.mosseae的处理。(4)接种G.intraradices能显著抑制Cu²⁺从紫云英地下部分向地上部分的运转,降低Cu2+的毒害,接种G.mosseae相对促进了Cu²⁺的运转。以上结果显示,Cu²⁺污染土壤中接种G.intraradices对紫云英生长具有促进作用。     

原生质体融合技术构建糖化型啤酒酵母的研究

融合亲株B_6-5（Ala^-,Cys^-α）和T_3-4（His,Thr^-α）细胞于35％PEG（6000）－50mmol／LCaCl₂溶液,28℃下诱导融合30min,筛选出融合株,融合频率为6．2×10^-5。融合株细胞的体积和DNA含量均为两系株细胞之和。融合株有水解淀粉的能力,又有发酵度高于生产用酵母的特点。     

酵母菌属间原生质体融合：构建高产麦角固醇的优良品系

采用属间原生质体融合技术,对麦角固醇含量较高、细胞生物量低的裂殖酵母（Ｓｃｈｚｉｏｓａｃｃｈ－ａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ）单倍体ＹＧ－１－１４－５８（ａｍｅｔ^－ｔｒｐ^－）与细胞生物量较高、麦角固醇含量低的酿酒酵母（Ｓｕｃｃｈ－ａｒｏｍｙｃｅｓ）单倍体ＹＧ－２８－３２－１３５（ａａｄｅ^－ｈｉｘ^－）进行原生质体融合,在高渗基本选择培养基上挑选融合子,并对获得的大量融合子进行了形态、生理生化、遗传稳定性、细     

产金属硫蛋白酵母菌原生质体电融合研究

采用原生质体电融合技术,由不能水解淀粉,细胞生物量低,中抗Ｃｕ＾２＋、金属硫蛋白中ｃｙｓ含量高的酿酒酵母单倍体ＢＤ１０１－２５和具淀粉水解能力,细胞生物量高、Ｃｕ＾２＋、Ｃｄ＾２＋抗性高、金属硫蛋白中ｃｙｓ含量 异常毕赤酵母单倍体ＢＤ１０２－１３获得４个融合株。     

Cd2+结合肽的筛选及与重金属离子的亲和作用*

利用噬菌体随机十二肽库和亲和层析技术对重金属Cd进行亲和筛选,共获得两条Cd结合肽序列。将展示有Cd²⁺结合肽的噬菌体单克隆扩增物对不同重金属离子(Cd²⁺、Cr²⁺、Cu²⁺、Co²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺)螯合的树脂进行亲和测定,结果表明Cu²⁺、Co²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni^2+<     

重金属递进胁迫对黑麦草初期生长的影响

通过研究Cu²⁺、Zn²⁺、Cd²⁺与Pb²⁺胁迫对黑麦草初期生长的影响,结果表明：4种重金属对种子发芽率抑制效应相对较小,尤其Cu²⁺与Zn²⁺的抑制作用最小。高浓度Cu²⁺、Cd²⁺胁迫对株高、根系长度、地上生物量的抑制作用相对较大,尤其Cu²⁺对根系生长的抑制效应最大,在300 mg·L^-1下,与对照相比,根长最高下降了 85.48%。高浓度Cd²⁺胁迫显著降低了叶绿素含量,在300 mg·L^-1时比对照降低了45.51%;与对照相比,Cu²⁺与Zn²⁺所有处理都增加了叶绿素含量。从递进胁迫进程看,一些重金属对某一生长指标的影响往往表现在低浓度具有促进作用,而高浓度又存在明显的抑制效应。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细