EARLY ORDOVICIAN (ARENIG) TRILOBITE PALAEOECOLOGY AND PALAEOBIOGEOGRAPHY OF THE SOUTH CHINA PLATE

Abstract:  Faunal composition of South Chinese Arenig benthic trilobite associations is investigated using the multivariate techniques of TWINSPAN, DCA and seriation. Eight fairly distinct benthic associations can be differentiated, organized primarily along a palaeobathymetrical gradient across the Yangtze Platform in southern Shaanxi and western Hubei and the Jiangnan Transitional Belt in northern Hunan: the Taihungshania , Neseuretus , Trinucleid and Asaphid- Pseudocalymene associations (shallow shelf), the Asaphid-Raphiophorid and Nileid-Asaphid associations (< 100 m outer shelf), the Nileid-Illaenid Association (deep outer shelf carbonates) and the Pseudopetigurus Association (deep outer shelf clastics). The highest levels of diversity are displayed by the Asaphid-Raphiophorid Association of western Hubei. Investigation of the biogeographical affinities of this fauna indicates that South China is biogeographically closest to the other Chinese geotectonic units, and displays strong faunal connections to other central and eastern Asian regions as well as to Tethyan and South American regions. Subdivision of the South Chinese trilobite fauna into different depth zones shows a statistically significant correlation between increasing water depth and increasing faunal cosmopolitanism, although taxa endemic to China or Gondwana also occur even in slope faunas. The results of this biogeographical analysis are consistent with a tropical or subtropical peri-Gondwanan association of South China with other Asian terranes.     

Two new species ofPseudopetigurus (Trilobita) from the Arenig — Llanvirn of South China

Two new species ofPseudopetigurus are described from northern Hunan Province, China.P. deprati n. sp. is abundant in the upper Zitai Formation (upper Arenig) of Shuanghong, Baiyun, Shimen County, andP. expansus n. sp. occurs throughout the Jiuxi Formation (Arenig — lower Llanvirn) of Panjiazui, Taoyuan County. These formations represent outer shelf facies from the Jiangnan Transitional Belt of the South China Plate, close to the southeast margin of the Yangtze Platform. BothP. deprati andP. expansus show similarities to Upper Ordovician species ofPseudopetigurus recorded from South China. Other species ofPseudopetigurus are known almost entirely from cranidia, but pygidia and librigenae are also described for both new species, and the first known hypostome assigned to the genus is described forP. expansus. These two species are ecologically important members of offshore trilobite faunas during the Arenig — Llanvirn and define the outer shelfPseudopetigurus Association of South China. Despite being a deep-water genus,Pseudopetigurus is biogeographically restricted to the western margin of the Gondwanan craton and neighbouring regions of Baltica.      

湖北宜昌大坪奥陶纪阿仑尼克期三叶虫生态组合

首次对扬子区奥陶纪大湾组的三叶虫相作了初步分析。在详细研究了湖北宜昌大坪大湾组30种三叶虫的地层和岩相分布的基础上,划分出3个生态组合,即：Asaphid-Pseudocalymene组合,Asaphid-Raphiophorid组合和Trinucleid组合,它们依次指示由浅而深的浅外陆棚环境。研究表明这3个组合在大湾组的交替出现应与阿仑尼克期海平面变化密切相关。     

SYSTEMATICS OF THE CAMBRIAN TRILOBITE FAMILY NEPEIDAE, WITH REVISION OF AUSTRALIAN SPECIES

Abstract:  Taxonomy of the Cambrian trilobite family Nepeidae is revised. Morphometric analyses of the genera Nepea and Penarosa demonstrate that use of proportions of linear dimensions of the cranidium to differentiate species is invalid, and that infrageneric variation is continuous. The taxonomy and biostratigraphy of all Australian species of Nepeidae is revised. Species considered valid herein include: Nepea narinosa (type species), N. tonsillata , N. nans , Penarosa retifera (type species), P. elaticeps , P. rhinodelphis , P. netenta , Loxonepea loxophrys (type species) and Ferenepea hispida (type species). Folliceps is considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Nepea , Trinepea is regarded as a junior subjective synonym of Penarosa , and Ascionepea is considered to be a junior subjective synonym of Ferenepea .     

Middle and Upper Cambrian Protoconodonts and Paraconodonts from Hunan, South China

More than 4200 kg of limestone, representing 980 productive samples, from the upper Middle Cambrian, Upper Cambrian, and lowermost Ordovician in western and north-western Hunan were processed for paraconodonts, protoconodonts, and euconodonts. The focus of the present paper is on the upper Middle and lower Upper Cambrian interval as it is developed at two, apparently stratigraphically continuous, key sections. The collections studied, which include more than 20,000 specimens and are quite diverse taxonomically, prove that some protoconodonts and paraconodonts are useful biostratigraphically. Previously proposed protoconodont-paraconodont biozones in Hunan are revised and correlated with recently revised trilobite biozones, as well as with protoconodont-paraconodont and trilobite biozones in North China. Twenty-six species and seven conditionally identified species belonging to 13 genera are described. Among these, two genera ( Huayuanodontus and Yongshunella ) and two species ( Westergaardodina elegans and Yongshunella polymorpha ) are new. This study has special interest for Cambrian biostratigraphy because the two studied sections are global stratotype candidates for the Middle-Upper Cambrian series boundary. The level of the Upper-Middle Cambrian Series boundary, as currently recognized in China (at the base of the Linguagnostus reconditus Trilobite Biozone) is well marked in the paraconodont succession and can be traced into the Swedish standard succession using these fossils. By contrast, another level recently proposed as a potential global Middle-Upper Cambrian Series boundary level, the base of the Glyptagnostus reticulatus Trilobite Biozone, does not coincide with any marked change in the Hunan conodont species succession useful for local and regional correlation.     

Phylogeny and classification of the Scopulini moths (Lepidoptera: Geometridae, Sterrhinae)

The phylogenetic relationships of the genera in the geometrid tribe Scopulini (Lepidoptera: Sterrhinae) were examined using 141 characters of adult morphology and ecology. The study material included 92 species, representing all previously recognized genera and covering the morphological variation and full geographical range of the tribe. The cladistic analysis resulted in 20 equally parsimonious trees and a strict consensus cladogram based on these was well resolved. A majority of the recovered synapomorphic characters have been used previously in the taxonomy of the tribe. However, many novel characters were found in the sclerotized structures of the thorax. Many previously recognized genera were found to be nonmonophyletic and based on the present revised, synapomorphy-based classification, the number of recovered genera is reduced considerably. Twenty new generic synonyms and 90 new or revived species combinations are proposed. Seven genera are considered valid, with the large genus Scopula Schrank including over 85% of all species in the tribe. The taxonomic history of the tribe is reviewed and the problems of earlier classifications are discussed. A key to the genera is presented, although an informal diagnosis is preferred. All recognized genera are illustrated and a revised world checklist of the Scopulini is presented.  © 2005 The Linnean Society of London, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society , 2005, 143 , 473−530.     

Check list of lace bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae) of Korea

Tingidae (Hemiptera) of Korea are revised based on literature review as well as recently collected material and museum collections. A genus is recorded for the first time from South Korea for Acalpyta marginata. One species, Stephanitis typica, is removed from Korea. As a result, a total of 39 species in 17 genera, two subfamilies are recognized. An updated checklist including known distributions and host plant information in Korea is provided.     

Rotifera Recorded from China, 1893–1997, with Remarks on Their Composition and Distribution

A search of the literature on rotifers recorded from China, includes today 477 valid species names and 42 subspecies or infrasubspecific variants in 84 genera and 28 families recorded since 1893. Chinese rotifera research is reviewed, and all recorded species are listed with current taxonomic status and their first localities in China. Most of the named taxa are widely distributed or cosmopolitan, with only a small number (about 3%) possibly restricted to China. This fauna exhibits 15 endemic taxa. The composition and distribution of Chinese Rotifera are briefly analyzed. It is likely that considerably more rotifers remain to be described from China as further study to be carried on and taxonomic resolution improves.     

论寒武纪小山城子属

根据唐山市丰润区左家坞镇半壁山寒武系炒米店组下部含海绿石灰岩夹竹叶状灰岩中采集的三叶虫标本, 对小山城子虫属的定义和时代进行了修订, 将后平壤虫Metapianaspis Qian, 1994, 扎浪滩虫Zhalangtania Zhou in Zhou et al., 1996与小山城子虫属合并; 对其时代和分类位置进行了讨论, 将小山城子虫属归于唇头虫科 Cheilocephalidae Shaw, 1956, 在华北寒武系苗岭统顶部新建了Liostracina simesi-Placosema convexa带, 对于华北浅水台地相区和华南深水斜坡相区地层对比具有重要意义。     

Notes on the Genera Sauropus and Cleistanthus of Euphorbiaceae in China

This paper is an outcome of taxonomic studies of Chinese Sauropus and Cleistanthus. The former consists of two sections and 14 species of which three species are new; the latter is of 6 species, of which 3 species are first recorded from China. These two genera are mainly distributed in southwestern and south China.     

湖北宜昌奥陶系庙坡组疑源类

湖北宜昌地区庙坡组是达瑞威尔阶/桑比阶界线附近的地层,该段地层产出分异度较高,丰度适中的疑源类组合。该组合包括16属,28种,其中7个未定命名种,可与国内、外同期疑源类组合进行对比。庙坡组疑源类组合既产出晚奥陶世特征分子,也产出阿伦尼格期(弗洛阶上部—达瑞威尔阶底部)的特征分子,显示出一定的过渡特色。组合以Baltisphaeridium(17%—52%),Leiosphaeridia(6%—78%)占优势;反映了其沉积环境为离岸较远的外陆棚环境。     

中国福利祝蛾属研究及新种记述(鳞翅目:祝蛾科)

福利祝蛾属Frisilia在中国已记载2种,本文记述2新种,安宁福利祝蛾F.anningensissp．nov．和条斑福利祝蛾F．siriapunctatasp．nov．及一新纪录种,黄福利祝蛾F．homochloraMeyrick,至此我国的福利祝蛾达5种。文中对属征作了综述,并编制了分种检索表。模式标本保存在中国科学院动物研究所。     

中国粟米草科分类修订

粟米草科(Molluginaceae)隶属于石竹目,是一个分类极为困难的被子植物类群,关于该科的分类学界定在众多不同被子植物分类系统中争议颇大。在最近的分子系统学研究中,粟米草科的范围被准确界定,全球共包含11属。在此基础上对中国粟米草科类群进行了分类修订,最终确认中国产粟米草科植物5属7种,其中线叶漆姑粟草[Hypertelis umbellata (Forssk.)Thulin]为中国分布新记录种。更新了分种检索表,并提供了各属形态描述及相关物种的地理分布图。     

中国爬行纲动物分类厘定

本文对中国爬行纲动物的分类体系和物种进行了系统的评估, 规范了中文学名, 给出了《中国爬行纲校正名录》, 结果表明: 中国现存爬行纲动物3目30科132属462种, 其中鳄形目(Crocodylia)1科1属1种, 龟鳖目(Testudines)6科18属33种, 有鳞目(Squamata)蜥蜴亚目(Lacertilia)10科41属189种, 有鳞目蛇亚目(Serpentes)13科72属239种。与《中国动物志 爬行纲 第一卷(总论、龟鳖目、鳄形目)》、《中国动物志 爬行纲 第二卷(有鳞目: 蜥蜴亚目)》和《中国蛇类》相比, 目和亚目无变化; 科级水平新增5科, 变更2科; 属级水平新增23属, 合并15属, 变更6属; 种级水平新增81种, 变动2种; 未收录同物异名12种、杂交6种、中国无分布7种。形态和分子系统发育研究结果在爬行动物不同分类阶元均有一定差异, 文章对这些争议进行了讨论, 并对名录的选择做了说明。     

中国两栖、爬行动物更新名录

本文在2015年发表的爬行动物名录及同年《中国两栖类信息系统》发布的两栖动物名录的基础上, 通过整理新发表的分类学研究及先前名录遗漏的部分早期文献, 更新了截至2019年底中国现生本土两栖、爬行动物物种名录。2015-2019年间, 中国两栖动物新记录1科, 新描述2属, 恢复1属有效性, 新记录1属, 新描述或恢复有效种74种, 新增国家纪录18种; 另6属、8种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持(在此视为次定同物异名而未做收录, 后同)。同期, 中国爬行动物新恢复5科, 新描述1亚科, 新描述1属, 恢复3属有效性, 新记录3属, 新描述、恢复或提升有效种43个, 新增国家纪录10种; 另有5属、4种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持, 并移除1属、4种在我国的分布纪录。此外, 通过整理2015年前文献, 爬行动物增补3属, 提升3亚种至种级地位, 增补国家新纪录3种, 另有3属、2种的有效性未得到近年研究证据支持, 同时移除1种在我国的分布纪录。综上, 截至2019年底, 我国共记录现生本土两栖动物3目13科62属515种(蚓螈目1科1属1种, 有尾目3科14属82种, 无尾目9科47属431种), 爬行动物3目35科135属511种(鳄形目1科1属1种, 龟鳖目6科18属34种, 有鳞目蛇亚目18科73属265种、蜥蜴亚目10科43属211种)。此外, 本文还对先前名录中部分爬行动物的中文名提出了修改建议, 建议恢复部分物种的惯用中文名。2015-2019年, 新物种及新纪录已知物种数量占现两栖、爬行动物物种总数的17.1%和10.2%。近年来, 我国发表的两栖、爬行动物新物种和已知物种的新纪录数量持续增加, 分类体系也在研究中不断完善, 建议今后及时地进行阶段性总结, 同时对存在的问题提出讨论, 以推动中国两栖、爬行动物分类学研究工作的进一步开展。     

安徽省两栖爬行动物名录修订

参考两栖爬行动物分类学和分子系统学的最新研究成果, 收集了近年来安徽省两栖爬行类相关的研究资料, 整理成安徽省两栖爬行类物种与分布名录。截止到2018年11月30日, 安徽省共记录两栖动物2目9科26属44种, 其中安徽特有种3种; 爬行动物3目11科48属72种, 其中安徽特有种1种。与《安徽两栖爬行动物志》(1991)相比, 共增加了12种, 删除1个物种, 更改了29个物种的名称。区系分析表明, 东洋界种类91种(78.4%), 古北界种类10种(8.7%), 广布型15种(12.9%)。列入《国家重点保护野生动物名录》的有4种, 列入《中国脊椎动物红色名录》的有112种。     

中國鳥類地理分布的研究

我國鳥類迄今所知(詳見鄙著,1947a),計有1,087(14?)種,分隸於388(2?)屬,82科,20目。筆者於1945-46年,承聘赴美,得有機緣,遍研紐約自然博物館、哈佛大學及美京國立博物館所藏的吾國鳥類採集,而特留意所檢的各種禽鳥標本在吾國境内的採期舆產地,冀得劃出其分布的區域。此外復益以從前學者在吾國境内採集觀察的所得(參閱鄙著,1947b),互引徵證;現就研究所及,将吾國鳥類的各屬在我國境内的分布情形,彙列為表一(附在文後)。茲将表一中各地區所錄得的屬數,依序臚列如次:     

华北地台西缘两个奥陶纪三叶虫新属

Family Raphiophoridae Angelin,1854GenusAbulbaspisgen.nov.Type species Bulbaspis ordosensisLuin Luet al.1976,from the Kli moli Formation(Llanvirn)ofZhuozishan,Wuhai,Inner Mongolia.Diagnosis A raphiophorid genus si milar toAmpyxDal man,1827,but distinguishe…     

Post-embryonic development of the Furongian (late Cambrian) trilobite Tsinania canens: implications for life mode and phylogeny

SUMMARY The current concept of the order Asaphida was proposed to accommodate some Cambrian and Ordovician trilobite clades that are characterized by the possession of a ventral median suture. The family Tsinaniidae was recently suggested to be a member of the order Asaphida on the basis of its close morphological similarity to Asaphidae. Postembryonic development of the tsinaniid trilobite, Tsinania canens , from the Furongian (late Cambrian) Hwajeol Formation of Korea, reveals that this trilobite had an adult-like protaspis. Notable morphological changes with growth comprise the effacement of dorsal furrows, sudden degeneration of pygidial spines, regression of genal spines, and loss of a triangular rostral plate to form a ventral median suture. Programmed cell death may be responsible for degenerating the pygidial and genal spines during ontogeny. Morphological changes with growth, such as the loss of pygidial spines, modification of pleural tips, and effacement of dorsal furrows, suggest that T. canens changed its life mode during ontogeny from benthic crawling to infaunal. The protaspid morphology and the immature morphology of T. canens retaining genal and pygidial spines suggest that tsinaniids bear a close affinity to leiostegioids of the order Corynexochida. Accordingly, development of a ventral median suture in T. canens demonstrates that the ventral median suture could have evolved polyphyletically, and thus the current concept of the order Asaphida needs to be revised.