转铁蛋白结构与功能的研究——鸭血清转铁蛋白含单一铁结合部位的结构域的制备和鉴定

分离纯化了鸭血清转铁蛋白、分子量78,000,N-末端为Ala,不能与人胎盘转铁蛋白受体结合。鸭血清转铁蛋白用胰蛋白酶酶解可以同时得到两个含单一铁结合部位的结构域,分别来自分子的N-端和C-端区域。获得的鸭血清转铁蛋白N-端结构域分子量为33,200,C-端结构域分子量为34,900。     

核盘菌AROM蛋白的三级结构分析

核盘菌编码AROM蛋白的arom基因已经被克隆测序,本文根据该基因翻译的氨基酸序列用同源模建方法和从头模建方法分析了AROM蛋白各结构域的三级结构和功能位点,以及该蛋白二聚体可能的组装方式。结果表明,核盘菌AROM蛋白的脱氢奎尼酸合酶结构域进一步由N-端含有一个Rossmann折叠的α/β结构域和C-端的α螺旋结构域组成;5-烯醇丙酮酰莽草酸-3-磷酸合酶结构域则由两个相似结构域组成,每个结构域含有不同拷贝数的β折叠和α螺旋;莽草酸激酶结构域的N-端由三个β折叠组成;脱氢奎尼酸酶结构域为(α2β2)3多肽,在N-端有一对反平行的β链,在C-端有loop环;莽草酸脱氢酶结构域含有一个由α/β组成的催化结构域和一个含有Rossmann折叠的NADPH结合结构域。     

白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白的分离纯化及其结构和性质的比较

1.白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白在分离纯化上的差异。2.用SDS-PAGE测定分子量,白鲢鱼血清转铁蛋白有两个组份,分子量分别为77kD和70kD;黄鳝血清转铁蛋白为单一组份,分子量为68.1 kD。3.白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白都含糖,但都不与ConA-Sepharose柱结合。4.白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白氨基酸组成的测定和比较。5.白鲢鱼与黄鳝血清转铁蛋白用胰蛋白酶在相同条件下进行酶解,白鲢鱼能得到分子量在37kD左右的二个片段,而黄鳝则几乎不能被胰蛋白酶酶解。6.白鲢鱼血清转铁蛋白在404.5nm处有一特异吸收峰,而黄鳝则在407.5nm处。     

Cloning, sequence analysis and expression profiling of glutathione Stransferase omega 1 gene from Locusta migratoria (Orthoptera:Acridoidea )

谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(glutathione S-transferase,GST)是一类广泛分布的多功能超家族酶系,其中Omega家族GST在昆虫体内担负重要生理功能.为探讨飞蝗Locusta migratoria Omega家族GST功能,利用RT-PCR技术克隆得到1条飞蝗谷胱甘肽S-转移酶Omega家族基因全长cDNA,命名为LmGSTol(GenBank登录号:JQ750592).该基因开放阅读框长738 bp,编码245个氨基酸.该酶含有N-端和C-端2个结构域,N-端结构域由5个β-折叠和3个α螺旋组成,包括4个GSH结合位点;C-端结构域由8个α螺旋组成,含有5个底物结合位点.Real-time PCR 结果表明,LmGSTo1在飞蝗不同龄期均有表达,在胃盲囊和中肠表达量较低,在前肠、马氏管、肌肉和脂肪体表达量较高;溴氰菊酯处理可导致LmGSTo1表达水平显著下降.这些结果为进一步研究LmGSTo1基因功能提供了依据.     

DDX21 RNA解旋酶不同结构域的功能特点解析

DEAD-box家族是在生物体内普遍存在的一类高度保守的RNA解旋酶,在RNA的合成和加工、细胞发育和细胞代谢等过程中都发挥着重要作用。DDX21 RNA解旋酶是DEAD-box家族成员之一,而目前为止DDX21的酶学功能及结构特征尚未被完全了解。本研究运用生物化学与生物物理学前沿技术,系统地研究了DDX21各结构域在不同功能中发挥的作用。首先重组构建并纯化了人的DDX21 RNA解旋酶及不同的截短蛋白质,利用动态激光散射和凝胶层析技术分析各蛋白质的寡聚形态,发现N-端的非功能区（N-端181aa）与C-端的4个FRGQR重复结构域对其结构有较大的影响;利用荧光偏振技术比较分析了各蛋白质与单链RNA的结合反应,结果显示,仅保留DEADc和HELICc结构域的截短蛋白质与单链RNA完全没有亲和性,缺失N-端181aa的截短蛋白质对ssRNA的结合能力与全长蛋白质基本一致,而仅缺失C-端的4个重复FRGQR结构域的截短蛋白质与单链RNA的亲和能力将显著下降;利用快速停流检测技术分析各截短蛋白质的解旋及退火活性,发现DEADc、HELICc及GUCT_RHII三个结构域共同参与DDX21的解旋功能,另一方面,缺失C-端4个FRGQR重复结构域的截短蛋白质导致退火能力的丧失。本研究揭示了DDX21的GUCT_RHII结构域及C-端4个FRGQR重复结构域在其结构及功能中发挥的重要作用,为今后研究DDX21的结构及其细胞功能提供了重要的理论依据。     

草鱼转铁蛋白基因的克隆及其组织表达

转铁蛋白(Transferrin,Tf)功能广泛,不仅参与机体内铁离子的运输和代谢,还在细胞呼吸、细胞生长和增殖中起重要作用,而且它具有抗菌杀菌的功能。研究从草鱼肝肾全长cDNA文库中克隆得到草鱼转铁蛋白基因(CtTf),该基因全长cDNA5′非编码区包含31bp,最大开放阅读框为2025bp,编码674个氨基酸,3′非编码区为266bp。研究使用了Signal P、SMART等在线软件对草鱼转铁蛋白全长cDNA的分子特征进行预测,结果显示CtTf编码的蛋白质N-端有1个由15个氨基酸残基组成的信号肽,第24-334个和第338-665个氨基酸为2个保守的结构域,二者同源率为31%。与其他物种的转铁蛋白类似,草鱼转铁蛋白每个结构域包含4个铁离子结合位点,它们在两个结构域中的位置相对保守,除了这8个铁离子结合位点外,还存在多个完全保守的氨基酸位点。草鱼转铁蛋白与人及其他物种有很高的同源性,与其他鲤科鱼类的同源性为65%-73%;与海洋鱼类同源性为43%-50%;与两栖、爬行、鸟类、哺乳类的同源性为40%-42%。系统进化树也显示草鱼转铁蛋白基因与斑马鱼和鲤鱼的亲缘关系最近。RT-PCR的实验结果表明,在草鱼肝、肠、肾、脾、心、肌肉、鳃和脑8种组织中,草鱼转铁蛋白基因在肝中的表达量最高,其次为脾和肠,在鳃和脑中有痕量表达。       

文昌鱼转铁蛋白及转铁蛋白的分子进化

从厦门文昌鱼分离纯化了文昌鱼转铁蛋白,物化性质与青岛文昌鱼转铁蛋白相同,其单体和二聚体的分子量分别为２６ｋＤ和５２ｋＤ,是一分子量约为脊椎动物转铁蛋白１／４的糖蛋白,测定了文昌鱼转铁蛋白完整分子和其Ｃ端分子片段的部分氨基酸序列并分析 一人务清失蛋白氨基酸序列的同源性。发现用文昌鱼转铁蛋白序列可将人血清转铁蛋白序列划分成粗略相等的４个片段,文是鱼转铁蛋白与每一片段及人血清转铁蛋白的４个片段之间存在明     

白念珠菌HSP90与人源HSP90的克隆表达及其C端的比较分析

目的分别体外表达纯化白念珠菌HSP90(CaHSP90)和人源HSP90(hHSP90)并分析C-端序列差异对其体外状态下分子聚合度的影响。方法我们将CaHSP90、hHSP90野生型及其C-端酶切碱基序列通过PCR进行扩增并通过NdeI/XhoI酶切位点连接到到pET22b+质粒中。将构建好的上述质粒转入大肠杆菌E.coli BL21(DE3)中进行表达并通过Ni 2+-NTA柱以及Superdex-200快速柱层析系统(FPLC)纯化。所得蛋白通过SDS-PAGE以及分子排阻色谱(SEC)测定分子量和聚合状态。结果通过测序鉴定所有质粒构建成功,并最终纯化得到足够纯度的蛋白进行SEC分析实验。分析结果表明野生型CaHSP90和hHSP90在体外具有相似的聚合度,而C-端突变后则存在明显差异。结论 CaHSP90和hHSP90的C-端结构域对其体外聚合状态有着不同的影响,CaHSP90的C-端结构域有可能成为CaHSP90抑制剂一个潜在靶点。     

甘蓝型油菜BnFLA基因的克隆及表达分析

利用同源克隆法从甘蓝型油菜中获得了1个类成束阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白基因(FLA),命名为BnFLA。BnFLA基因开放阅读框长为1 200bp,编码399个氨基酸,分子量为42 885.9Da,等电点为6.37。预测的BnFLA蛋白包含N-端信号肽、2个AGP-like结构域、2个fasciclin-like结构域和C-端GPI-anchor序列。系统进化分析表明BnFLA氨基酸序列与BrFLA17和AtFLA2进化关系较近,一致性分别为98%和87%。qRT-PCR分析表明,BnFLA基因在油菜各组织均有表达,并以下胚轴中表达量最高,其次为子叶,茎秆中表达最少;BnFLA基因的表达受到GA3、BR、IAA、ABA和NaCl的诱导,但受6-BA、蔗糖、低温和PEG抑制。研究认为,油菜中BnFLA基因可能参与激素信号转导途径和非生物胁迫应答。     

葡萄球菌A蛋白基因

<正>金黄色葡萄球菌A蛋白是一种细胞膜成分,据报道分子量约为42000。此蛋白有伸展的形态,而且顺序分析已揭示出在其分子中有两个功能独特区。N-端分子量为27000,由四种连续的高度同源的IgG结合单位组成,每一单位分子量大约7000。C-端分子量为15000,是一个能共价结合多糖肽而无结     

Isolation and characterization of the iron-binding properties of a primitive monolobal transferrin from Ciona intestinalis

Transferrins are bilobal glycoproteins responsible for iron binding, transport, and delivery in many higher organisms. The two homologous lobes of transferrins are thought to have evolved by gene duplication of an ancestral monolobal form. In the present study, a 37.7-kDa primitive monolobal transferrin (nicatransferrin, or nicaTf) from the serum of the model ascidian species Ciona intestinalis was isolated by using an immobilized iron-affinity column and characterized by using mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing. The protein binds one equivalent of iron(III) and exhibits an electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum that is anion-dependent. The UV/vis spectrum of nicaTf has a shoulder at 330 nm in both the iron-depleted and the iron-replete forms, but does not display the approximately 460 nm tyrosine-to-iron charge transfer band common to vertebrate serum transferrins under the conditions investigated. This result suggests that iron may adopt a different binding mode in nicaTf compared with the more highly evolved transferrin proteins. This difference in binding mode could have implications for the physiological role of the protein in the ascidian. The genome of C. intestinalis has genes for both a monolobal and a bilobal transferrin, and the sequences of both proteins are discussed in light of the known features of vertebrate serum transferrins as well as other transferrin homologs.     

A structural comparison of human serum transferrin and human lactoferrin

The transferrins are a family of proteins that bind free iron in the blood and bodily fluids. Serum transferrins function to deliver iron to cells via a receptor-mediated endocytotic process as well as to remove toxic free iron from the blood and to provide an anti-bacterial, low-iron environment. Lactoferrins (found in bodily secretions such as milk) are only known to have an anti-bacterial function, via their ability to tightly bind free iron even at low pH, and have no known transport function. Though these proteins keep the level of free iron low, pathogenic bacteria are able to thrive by obtaining iron from their host via expression of outer membrane proteins that can bind to and remove iron from host proteins, including both serum transferrin and lactoferrin. Furthermore, even though human serum transferrin and lactoferrin are quite similar in sequence and structure, and coordinate iron in the same manner, they differ in their affinities for iron as well as their receptor binding properties: the human transferrin receptor only binds serum transferrin, and two distinct bacterial transport systems are used to capture iron from serum transferrin and lactoferrin. Comparison of the recently solved crystal structure of iron-free human serum transferrin to that of human lactoferrin provides insight into these differences.     

Nature of the iron requirement for Chinese hamster V79 cells in tissue culture medium

The Chinese hamster V79 cell line can be grown in medium containing iron instead of lactalbumin hydrolysate and containing defined low molecular weight components instead of peptone. A rather large amount of inorganic iron must be supplied for optimum growth. Dose-response curves done with commercially available transferrins from various species show that this Chinese hamster cell line grows well with human and rabbit transferrins but poorly with porcine, bovine, and chicken egg white (conalbumin) transferrins. An assay of Chinese hamster serum in the presence and absence of iron shows that hamster serum is better at providing the V79 cells with iron than human or rabbit transferrin. Thus, the nature of the iron requirement of V79 cells lies in the requirement for a specific transferrin.     

Iron-binding properties and amino acid composition of marsupial transferrins: comparison with eutherian mammals and other vertebrates

1. Some physicochemical properties of transferrin from three marsupials, viz a possum (Trachosurus vulpecula), a kangaroo (Macropus fuliginosus) and the quokka (Setonix brachyurus) were studied and compared with those of transferrins from mammalian and non-mammalian vertebrate species. 2. The molecular weight of the marsupial transferrins fell within the range of 76,000-79,000 daltons. 3. The marsupial transferrins were similar to the transferrins of eutherian mammals with respect to optical spectral properties, iron binding capacity and the pH-dependence of iron binding, and iron release mediated by 2,3-DPG. 4. The amino acid compositions of the marsupial transferrins were compared with each other and with the transferrins from the other vertebrate species. The compositions of the marsupial transferrin were closely related to each other, and also showed similarities with transferrins from eutherian mammals and chicken ovotransferrin.     

转铁蛋白对FSH诱导卵泡颗粒细胞分化的抑制作用及其机理

转铁蛋白为一类金属结合－转运糖蛋白,经典的理论阐明其在体内的主要作用是运送铁离子到各器官与组织。根据近两年的研究,转铁蛋白除了转运铁离子的作用外,还具有局部调节卵巢功能的作用,即能抑制ＦＳＨ诱导大鼠及人卵泡颗粒细胞的功能性分化。转铁蛋白抑制ＦＳＨ衣导卵泡颗粒细胞分化的主要机理是：（１）转铁蛋白部分地抑制ＦＳＨ与卵泡颗细胞上的受体结合,减少细胞内ｃＡＭＰ生成,进而抑制了ＦＳＨ受体的维持表达。（２）转     

The interaction of hydroxypyridinones with human serum transferrin and ovotransferrin.

The interaction of hydroxypyridinones with human serum transferrin and ovotransferrin has been studied by analyzing the distribution of iron between the chelator and the proteins as a function of both ligand concentration and transferrin saturation. The kinetics of iron removal by 3-hydroxypyridin-4-ones from both transferrins is slow; in ovotransferrin it appears to be monophasic, in contrast to that observed for serum transferrin. After 24 hours incubation at a 40:1 chelator:protein molar ratio, the percentage of iron removed from Fe(III)-ovotransferrin is 50%-60%, and is somewhat higher in the case of serum transferrin, in line with the respective affinity constants for the metal. The 3-hydroxypyridin-2-ones and the 3-hydroxypyran-4-ones, both of which have lower affinities for Fe(III), remove smaller proportions of the metal. The percentage of desaturation obtained with bidentate and hexadentate pyridinones appears to be similar for both transferrin classes at chelator:protein molar ratios from 40:1. The degree of transferrin saturation influences the extent of chelator mediated iron mobilization in the case of serum transferrin, but not of ovotransferrin. 59Fe competition studies demonstrate that bidentate pyridin-4-ones are capable of donating iron to serum apotransferrin; the relative concentrations of ligand and protein influence the distribution of iron because their effective binding constants (at pH 7.4) for Fe(III) are similar.     

Iron metabolism pathways in the rat hepatocyte

A small to moderate inhibitory effect of iron uptake by isolated rat hepatocytes in short-term studies was seen with oxidative phosphorylation and electron transport inhibitors, and no inhibition by agents affecting pinocytosis. Intracellular transferrin was able to donate iron to the small-molecular weight iron pool, and the latter was able to transfer, by a process not requiring energy or movement of serum transferrin, iron to ferritin. Serum transferrin was not able to lose iron to any cytosol components. Reducing agents were not able to abstract iron from rat serum transferrin to any great extent. It is concluded that iron is taken up by the rat hepatocyte from serum transferrin by a process not requiring energy or movement of serum transferrin into the cell interior; and that intracellular transferrin is involved in acquiring iron from serum transferrin at the cell surface, with iron then being transferred to the small-molecular weight iron pool and hence to ferritin. It is also proposed that intracellular transferrins may have the general function of interacting with serum transferrin at cell surfaces.     

Comparative aspects of transferrin-reticulocyte interactions: membrane receptors and iron uptake

1. A comparative study was made of transferrin and iron uptake by rabbit, rat and human reticulocytes and chick embryo erythrocytes from rabbit, rat, human, chicken and porcine transferrins, human lactoferrin and chicken conalbumin. 2. Three methods were used, viz. direct and competitive uptake studies of transferrin and iron by the four species of cells, and competitive studies of transferrin binding by solubilized membrane receptors (rabbit reticulocytes only). 3. Methods were devised to analyse the data so as to obtain indices of relatedness or relative affinities of each type of heterologous transferrin in rates of iron uptake found with transferrin and cells from various species are largely due to variation in the affinity of cellular receptors for different transferrins. 5. It is concluded that the procedure used in this investigation allow the assessment of phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary trends obtained by structural studies of proteins.