青藤碱磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体的制备、表征及药动学研究

为制备青藤碱磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体,并进行体外和SD大鼠体内评价。实验采用溶剂挥发法制备青藤碱磷脂复合物,乳化超声法制备青藤碱磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体。考察其粒径分布、Zeta电位,包封率,载药量及体外释药等基本理化性质。SD大鼠分别灌胃给予青藤碱混悬液和青藤碱磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体,比较药动学行为及生物利用度。结果显示,青藤碱磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体的平均粒径为201.32±5.05 nm,Zeta电位为-22.2±1.5 mV,包封率为80.31±1.01%,载药量为4.42±0.28%,体外释药具有明显的缓释特征,体外释药模型符合Weibull释药模型,拟合方程为:LnLn(1/1-Mt/M∞)=0.576 6Lnt-1.478 1(r=0.988 8)。体内药动学研究结果表明,磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体改变了青藤碱的药动学行为,增强了体内吸收,延长了青藤碱在体内滞留时间,相对生物利用度提高到了1.75倍。因此,青藤碱磷脂复合物纳米结构脂质载体可显著促进青藤碱体内吸收,提高其口服生物利用度。     

白藜芦醇微粉的制备、表征与抗氧化功能评价

实验利用超临界SAS法使白藜芦醇在超临界状态下反溶剂重结晶,来制备白藜芦醇微粉借助超临界反溶剂法(SAS)来减小白藜芦醇的粒径从而提高其抗氧化能力。制备的条件为:反应温度为50℃,反应压力为20MPa,白藜芦醇乙醇溶液的浓度为9 mg·m L-1,给药速度为1 m L·min-1。利用激光粒度仪和扫描电镜检测白藜芦醇微粉,结果显示白藜芦醇粉体较原粉粒径大大降低,平均粒径为0.68±0.03μm。而后通过了傅里叶红外光谱、X衍射仪、高效液相色谱和质谱检测白藜芦醇微粉和原粉的各项特性。结果显示SAS过程并没有改变白藜芦醇的化学结构,但白藜芦醇微粉的结晶度大大降低,白藜芦醇的纯度也从原粉的98.5%纯化为微粉的99.2%。利用果蝇抗衰老实验来检测白藜芦醇的抗氧化能力。结果表明在白藜芦醇溶液浓度为,2.5、5和10 mg·m L-1时,白藜芦醇微粉的抗氧化能力均高于原粉和空白实验。这说明白藜芦醇的不但具有抗氧化能力,而且白藜芦醇微粉在效果上优于白藜芦醇原粉。这为提高白藜芦醇品质提供了依据。     

氧化直链淀粉对姜黄素的增溶作用

姜黄素具有抗菌、抗炎、抗氧化和抗肿瘤等多种生物活性,但其不溶于水的性质大大限制了其临床应用。采用H_2O_2氧化法制备氧化直链淀粉,系统研究氧化直链淀粉对姜黄素在水中的增溶作用、氧化直链淀粉-姜黄素包合物水溶液的稳定性和抗氧化活性。结果表明,直链淀粉被氧化后由于羧基和醛基的引入,在水中的溶解度得到了大幅度的提升。氧化直链淀粉通过与姜黄素形成包合物而大大提高其水溶性,其增溶倍数最高可达3 720倍,增溶作用非常显著。而且,氧化直链淀粉-姜黄素包合物水溶液的老化现象减缓,水溶液的稳定性得到了改善。由于具有更高的姜黄素含量和稳定性,氧化直链淀粉-姜黄素包合物的水溶液呈现出更好的抗氧化活性。本研究表明氧化直链淀粉是姜黄素的有效增溶载体,具有应用前景。     

白藜芦醇甙及其衍生物对脂质体膜氧化稳定性研究

<正> 白藜芦醇甙(Piceid)是蓼科植物虎杖的一种有效成份,其基本结构为二苯乙烯。据文献报导,白藜芦醇甙具有抗菌消炎、抑制肝损伤等作用。本文以白藜芦醇甙及其疏水衍生物为保护剂,通过测定在外源自由基影响下的脂质过氧化程度,研究了保护剂对脂质膜氧化稳定性的作用。为解决脂质体稳定性提供了一些启示。     

植物乳杆菌胞外多糖包覆的高稳定性硒纳米颗粒的制备及其抗氧化活性的研究*

目的:以植物乳杆菌胞外多糖(EPS)作为稳定剂和包覆剂,安全、简便地制备高稳定性胞外多糖-纳米硒复合物(E-SeNPs),并研究其稳定性和抗氧化活性。方法:将植物乳杆菌胞外多糖引入亚硒酸钠与抗坏血酸的反应体系中,室温合成E-SeNPs。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态光散射(DLS)、紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等技术对E-SeNPs的尺寸、形貌、结构及稳定性进行研究。此外,通过检测E-SeNPs的还原能力、ABTS⁺的清除率评估其体外抗氧化活性。结果:制备了具有良好分散性、稳定性的E-SeNPs,其平均粒径为(45.17±11.9)nm,带负电荷(-31.3mV)。同时,由于包覆作用,该E-SeNPs在水溶液中可稳定存在20天。最后,相同浓度下,E-SeNPs的还原力、ABTS⁺清除率都明显高于EPS和硒纳米颗粒(SeNPs),表现出了良好的抗氧化活性。结论:获得了一种新型的SeNPs稳定剂和包覆剂,简便、安全地制备了高稳定性、水分散性良好且具有良好抗氧化活性的SeNPs。     

植物乳杆菌胞外多糖包覆的高稳定性硒纳米颗粒的制备及其抗氧化活性的研究*

目的:以植物乳杆菌胞外多糖(EPS)作为稳定剂和包覆剂,安全、简便地制备高稳定性胞外多糖-纳米硒复合物(E-SeNPs),并研究其稳定性和抗氧化活性。方法:将植物乳杆菌胞外多糖引入亚硒酸钠与抗坏血酸的反应体系中,室温合成E-SeNPs。采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态光散射(DLS)、紫外可见光谱(UV-vis)和傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)等技术对E-SeNPs的尺寸、形貌、结构及稳定性进行研究。此外,通过检测E-SeNPs的还原能力、ABTS⁺的清除率评估其体外抗氧化活性。结果:制备了具有良好分散性、稳定性的E-SeNPs,其平均粒径为(45.17±11.9)nm,带负电荷(-31.3mV)。同时,由于包覆作用,该E-SeNPs在水溶液中可稳定存在20天。最后,相同浓度下,E-SeNPs的还原力、ABTS⁺清除率都明显高于EPS和硒纳米颗粒(SeNPs),表现出了良好的抗氧化活性。结论:获得了一种新型的SeNPs稳定剂和包覆剂,简便、安全地制备了高稳定性、水分散性良好且具有良好抗氧化活性的SeNPs。     

蕈树叶芳香精油成分分析及其抗氧化活性研究

为了解蕈树叶芳香精油化学组分及抗氧化活性,采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)结合Kovats保留指数(K I)比较的方法对其进行了成分分析,并运用二种体外方法对其抗氧化活性进行了测定。结果表明蕈树叶精油以倍半萜烯类为主(占62.39%),主要特征成分为双环大根香叶烯(10.71%)、(E)-丁香烯(9.96%)和α-依兰油烯(8.92%)。该精油具有中等程度的自由基清除活性和抗脂质过氧化活性。其抗氧化活性可能与精油中的酚类物质5-羟基白菖莆烯(2.97%)以及醇类物质1-表橙椒醇(3.12%)和(Z)-白檀油烯醇(2.12%)等化合物有关。     

长春新碱阳离子纳米结构脂质载体及其小肠吸收的研究

目的:硫酸长春新碱作为一种细胞毒型抗肿瘤药物,临床上多用其注射剂,虽应用广泛,但存在较多缺点,如药物半衰期短,代谢速率快以及毒副作用明显。本文目的是制备包载长春新碱和十二烷基磺酸钠的阳离子纳米结构脂质载体,并对其进行评价。方法:用复乳挥发法制备出目标脂质纳米粒;利用激光粒度仪对其粒径及zeta电位进行检测;利用高效液相色谱法对其包封率和载药量进行测定;透析法检测纳米粒的体外释放行为;用小肠吸收法评价纳米粒的促进吸收作用。结果:制得的纳米粒的平均粒径为(192.4±4.14)nm,多分散系数(PDI)为0.184±0.015,包封率为32.28%,Zeta电位为(30.6±4.09)m V,载药量为(1.56±0.10)%;体外释放实验显示在pH=7.4的中性释放介质中,硫酸长春新碱脂质纳米粒表现出缓释特性;小肠吸收实验表明十二烷基磺酸钠的加入和阳离子纳米粒的修饰可提高小肠对药物的吸收。结论:阳离子硫酸长春新碱纳米结构脂质载体具有缓释效果,并可以促进小肠对药物的吸收。     

玉米醇溶蛋白作为纳米运载体的研究进展

玉米醇溶蛋白(zein)是一种来源于玉米胚乳,具有良好的生物相容性、自组装特性的天然植物大分子,作为公认安全的食品级原料被广泛应用于食品、医药领域。基于玉米醇溶蛋白在不同溶剂中的溶解特性,可通过不同的方法途径使玉米醇溶蛋白完成自组装过程形成纳米粒。然而,玉米醇溶蛋白作为纳米运载体材料在包封率、稳定性和药物释放等方面的性能仍然不够理想,因此国内外学者对其进行了改性研究,在克服上述问题的同时也使其具备新的特性,如pH响应性、护肝活性等。本文将从玉米醇溶蛋白的组成与性质,玉米醇溶蛋白纳米粒不同的制备方法及其原理,玉米醇溶蛋白作为纳米运载体材料的物理化学改性等方面进行综述,为玉米醇溶蛋白的进一步开发利用提供理论依据和实际指导。     

鲟鱼鱼肠抗氧化肽的提取及抗氧化性

探讨酶法制备具有抗氧化活性的鲟鱼鱼肠抗氧化肽的方法,并进行体外抗氧化活性的测定。结果表明,比较4种蛋白酶酶解产物的抗氧化能力,确定胃蛋白酶为制备鲟鱼鱼肠抗氧化肽的最佳水解用酶;通过单因素试验和正交实验分析得出最适酶解工艺是:胃蛋白酶加酶量3 200 U/g,酶解时间1.5 h,料液比1∶20,温度35℃。其体外抗氧化能力随肽质量浓度增大而增大,在浓度为1.5 mg/mL时,鲟鱼鱼肠抗氧化肽清除DPPH·能力达到Vc的83.64%,对·OH清除率为78.06%,还原力大小约为Vc溶液的1/3。胃蛋白酶酶解鲟鱼鱼肠制备的抗氧化肽具有较好的抗氧化活性,其作为一种潜在的商业抗氧化剂具有良好的应用前景。     

3,4,4'-Trihydroxy-trans-stilbene, an analogue of resveratrol, is a potent antioxidant and cytotoxic agent

Resveratrol (3,5,4'-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenol widely distributed in food and dietary plants. This phytochemical has been intensively studied as an efficient antioxidant and anticancer agent, and a variety of substituted stilbenes have been developed in order to improve the potency of resveratrol. In this work, we described the synthesis of 3,4,4 -trihydroxy-trans-stilbene (3,4,4'-THS), an analogue of resveratrol, and studied its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity in vitro. 3,4,4 -THS was much more efficient than resveratrol in protecting against free radical-induced lipid peroxidation, photo-sensitized DNA oxidative damage, and free radical-induced hemolysis of human red blood cells. More potent growth inhibition in cultured human leukemia cells (HL-60) was also observed for 3,4,4 -THS. The relationship between the antioxidant efficiency and cytotoxic activity was discussed, with the emphasis on inhibition of the free radical enzyme ribonucleotide reductase by antioxidants. The result that this subtle structure modification of resveratrol drastically improves its bioactivity provides important strategy to develop novel resveratrol-based molecules.     

Protective effect of resveratrol on acute endotoxemia-induced nephrotoxicity in rat through nitric oxide independent mechanism

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a glycolipid component of the cell wall of gram negative bacteria inducing deleterious effects on the kidney. Endotoxemia-induced nephrotoxicity is characterized by disturbed intracellular redox balance and reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation leading to DNA, proteins and membrane lipid damages. Resveratrol (trans-3,5,4′-trihydroxystilbene) is a polyphenol displaying antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. This study investigated its effects on LPS-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Resveratrol counteracted all LPS-induced changes in renal haemodynamic parameters. In the kidney resveratrol abrogated LPS-induced lipoperoxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities depletion as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) but not peroxidase (POD) activity. LPS increased plasma and urine nitric oxide (NO) level and resveratrol reversed them. More importantly, LPS-induced iron mobilization from plasma to kidney, which was also abolished by resveratrol treatment. All these results suggest that resveratrol exerted strong antioxidant properties against LPS-induced nephrotoxicity and that its mode of action seemed to involve iron shuttling proteins.     

3,4,4′-Trihydroxy-trans-stilbene,an analogue of resveratrol,is a potent antioxidant and cytotoxic agent

Abstract

Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trihydroxy-trans-stilbene) is a naturally occurring polyphenol widely distributed in food and dietary plants. This phytochemical has been intensively studied as an efficient antioxidant and anticancer agent, and a variety of substituted stilbenes have been developed in order to improve the potency of resveratrol. In this work, we described the synthesis of 3,4,4 -trihydroxy-trans-stilbene (3,4,4′-THS), an analogue of resveratrol, and studied its antioxidant and cytotoxic activity in vitro. 3,4,4 -THS was much more efficient than resveratrol in protecting against free radical-induced lipid peroxidation, photo-sensitized DNA oxidative damage, and free radical-induced hemolysis of human red blood cells. More potent growth inhibition in cultured human leukemia cells (HL-60) was also observed for 3,4,4 -THS. The relationship between the antioxidant efficiency and cytotoxic activity was discussed, with the emphasis on inhibition of the free radical enzyme ribonucleotide reductase by antioxidants. The result that this subtle structure modification of resveratrol drastically improves its bioactivity provides important strategy to develop novel resveratrol-based molecules.     

Resveratrol scavenges reactive oxygen species and effects radical-induced cellular responses

Scavenging or quenching of the reactive oxygen species (ROS) involved in oxidative stress has been the subject of many recent studies. Resveratrol, found in various natural food products, has been linked to decreased coronary artery disease and preventing cancer development. The present study measured the effect of resveratrol on several different systems involving the hydroxyl, superoxide, metal/enzymatic-induced, and cellular generated radicals. The rate constant for reaction of resveratrol with the hydroxyl radical was determined, and resveratrol was found to be an effective scavenger of hydroxyl, superoxide, and metal-induced radicals as well as showing antioxidant abilities in cells producing ROS. Resveratrol exhibits a protective effect against lipid peroxidation in cell membranes and DNA damage caused by ROS. Resveratrol was also found to have a significant inhibitory effect on the NF-kappaB signaling pathway after cellular exposure to metal-induced radicals. It was concluded that resveratrol in foods plays an important antioxidant role.     

Resveratrol inhibition of lipid peroxidation

To define the molecular mechanism(s) of resveratrol inhibition of lipid peroxidation we have utilized model systems that allow us to study the different reactions involved in this complex process. Resveratrol proved (a) to inhibit more efficiently than either Trolox or ascorbate the Fe2+ catalyzed lipid hydroperoxide-dependent peroxidation of sonicated phosphatidylcholine liposomes; (b) to be less effective than Trolox in inhibiting lipid peroxidation initiated by the water soluble AAPH peroxyl radicals; (c) when exogenously added to liposomes, to be more potent than alpha-tocopherol and Trolox, in the inhibition of peroxidation initiated by the lipid soluble AMVN peroxyl radicals; (d) when incorporated within liposomes, to be a less potent chain-breaking antioxidant than alpha-tocopherol; (e) to be a weaker antiradical than alpha-tocopherol in the reduction of the stable radical DPPH*. Resveratrol reduced Fe3+ but its reduction rate was much slower than that observed in the presence of either ascorbate or Trolox. However, at the concentration inhibiting iron catalyzed lipid peroxidation, resveratrol did not significantly reduce Fe3+, contrary to ascorbate. In their complex, our data indicate that resveratrol inhibits lipid peroxidation mainly by scavenging lipid peroxyl radicals within the membrane, like alpha-tocopherol. Although it is less effective, its capacity of spontaneously entering the lipid environment confers on it great antioxidant potential.     

Effect of Resveratrol on Antioxidant Enzyme Activities in the Brain of Healthy Rat

We have studied the effect of resveratrol on lipoperoxidation and antioxidant enzyme activity level in the brain of healthy rats. When intraperitoneally administered, resveratrol significantly and dose dependently decreased brain malondialdehyde level. Resveratrol also increased in a dose-dependent way brain superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities. Optimal effect on antioxidant enzyme and lipoperoxidation products were obtained with resveratrol concentration of 12.5 mg/kg body wt. Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of antioxidant isoenzymes revealed that resveratrol up regulated at least two acidic superoxide dismutase isoforms called A₁ and A₂, two basic isoforms called B₁ and B₂. Resveratrol also up regulated two catalase isoforms and a broad peroxidase band corresponding to several isoforms. All these findings suggest that resveratrol is able to cross the blood brain barrier and exerts potent antioxidant features. Resveratrol also exerts neuroprotective properties by up regulating several detoxifying enzymes, most of which are iron proteins.     

Calorie restriction-like effects of 30 days of resveratrol supplementation on energy metabolism and metabolic profile in obese humans

Resveratrol is a natural compound that affects energy metabolism and mitochondrial function and serves as a calorie restriction mimetic, at least in animal models of obesity. Here, we treated 11 healthy, obese men with placebo and 150?mg/day resveratrol (resVida) in a randomized double-blind crossover study for 30?days. Resveratrol significantly reduced sleeping and resting metabolic rate. In muscle, resveratrol activated AMPK, increased SIRT1 and PGC-1α protein levels, increased citrate synthase activity without change in mitochondrial content, and improved muscle mitochondrial respiration on a fatty acid-derived substrate. Furthermore, resveratrol elevated intramyocellular lipid levels and decreased intrahepatic lipid content, circulating glucose, triglycerides, alanine-aminotransferase, and inflammation markers. Systolic blood pressure dropped and HOMA index improved after resveratrol. In the postprandial state, adipose tissue lipolysis and plasma fatty acid and glycerol decreased. In conclusion, we demonstrate that 30?days of resveratrol supplementation induces metabolic changes in obese humans, mimicking the effects of calorie restriction.     

NF-κB inhibitory action of resveratrol: A probable mechanism of neuroprotection in experimental diabetic neuropathy

Resveratrol has shown array of biological actions, and is under clinical development for various disease conditions. The etiology of diabetic neuropathy revolves around oxidative stress, AGE formation, lipid peroxidation etc. All these stimulate inflammatory processes and NF-κB cascade is considered as one of the major players of inflammatory response. Activation of NF-κB results in elevated levels of inflammatory mediators. COX-2 and TNF-α activity have also been correlated with inflammatory damage in the pathophysiology of diabetic neuropathy (DN). Therefore we investigated the effect of resveratrol on NF-κB inflammatory cascade, COX-2, TNF-α and IL-6 levels in experimental DN.We found that resveratrol protected against various functional and behavioral deficits in diabetic neuropathy in line with our earlier published reports. In this study we found that the resveratrol treatment decreased the expression of p65 and IκB-α in treated rats. Treatment also ameliorated the elevated levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and COX-2. Resveratrol treatment produced significant decrease in nerve MDA levels in treated animals which may also be contributing to reduction in neuro-inflammation. This study confirms the NF-κB inhibitory activity and anti-inflammatory activity of resveratrol which may contribute to neuroprotection in diabetic neuropathy apart from its antioxidant effect.     

4,4′-Dihydroxy-trans-stilbene,a resveratrol analogue,exhibited enhanced antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity

Resveratrol (3,5,4′-trans-trihydroxystibene) is a natural phytoalexin present in grapes and red wine, which possesses a variety of biological activities including antioxidant activity. In order to find more active antioxidant with resveratrol as the lead compound we synthesized 4,4′-dihydroxy-trans-stilbene (4,4′-DHS). The antioxidant activities of resveratrol and 4,4′-DHS were evaluated by the reaction kinetics with galvinoxyl radical or Cu(II) ions, and the inhibition effects against free-radical-induced peroxidation of human erythrocyte ghosts. It was found that 4,4′-DHS exhibits remarkably higher antioxidant activity than resveratrol. The oxidative products of resveratrol and 4,4′-DHS in the presence of Cu(II) in acetonitrile were identified as the dihydrofuran dimers by spectroscopic method, and the antioxidant mechanism for 4,4′-DHS was proposed. In addition, 4,4′-DHS exhibits remarkably higher cytotoxicity against human promyelocytic leukemia (HL-60) cells than resveratrol.     

Stable free radical scavenging and antiperoxidative properties of resveratrol compared in vitro with some other bioflavonoids

Stable free radical scavenging and antiperoxidative activities of resveratrol, a component of grapes and red wine, were evaluated and compared with some other known bioflavonoids (quercetin, catechin, kaempferol, myricetin, fisetin, ellagic acid and naringenin) widely present in the plant kingdom. Free radical scavenging activity was measured in an in vitro chemical system (DPPH assay), while for antiperoxidative activity, biological system comprising of hepatic and pulmonary homogenates was employed. Antiradical activity assay showed quercetin and myricetin to be stronger antiradical agents than resveratrol. Structure-activity study revealed that O-dihydroxy group on ring B of flavonoid plays a crucial role. A double bond at 2-3 position conjugated with a 4-oxo function and hydroxy groups at positions 3 and 5 also contribute towards antiradical activity of flavonoids. Resveratrol exhibited stronger antiradical activity than kaempferol and naringenin and was also more efficient than alpha-tocopherol, a known strong endogenous non-flavonoid antioxidant, used for comparison. In vitro antiperoxidative assay showed fisetin as the strongest and kaempferol as the weakest antioxidant. Resveratrol was found to be stronger antioxidant than catechin, myricetin, kaempferol and naringenin, but was weaker than quercetin, fisetin and alpha-tocopherol. Antiradical and antiperoxidative activities of resveratrol may explain its beneficial effects in disease states. Assays exhibited no direct correlation between antiradical and antiperoxidative activities of the phenolics.