孕中期乳杆菌干预与早产结局的相关分析

目的探讨妊娠中期应用乳杆菌活菌胶囊对早产及先兆早产的预防价值。方法选择石家庄市第四医院2013年门诊产检的妊娠中期的孕妇,筛查出阴道微生态失调1 032例。根据是否接受乳杆菌活菌胶囊治疗分为观察组427例与对照组605例。观察组孕妇睡前温开水冲洗外阴后于阴道后穹窿处放置乳杆菌活菌胶囊1粒,连用10d。10d后行阴道微生态检查,仍异常者再治疗10d。对照组孕妇未进行用药干预治疗。观察并评估观察组孕妇治疗后阴道内乳杆菌阳性率及阴道分泌物清洁度的变化,比较两组孕妇发生早产或先兆早产的情况。结果观察组孕妇治疗后阴道pH(4.04±0.12)较前(4.83±0.09)明显下降(P0.05);乳杆菌阳性率(81.73%)较前(0.00%)明显上升(P0.05)。观察组孕妇先兆早产发生率为5.39%,显著低于对照组的8.93%(χ2=4.985,P0.05);观察组孕妇早产发生率为0.70%,显著低于对照组的2.98%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.782,P0.05)。结论妊娠晚期孕妇阴道微生态失调与先兆早产及早产的发生关系密切,乳杆菌活菌胶囊可恢复正常的阴道微生态环境,降低先兆早产及早产的发生率,对预防先兆早产及早产的风险有一定临床价值。     

HPV感染对患者阴道菌群及妊娠结局的影响

目的研究HPV感染对患者阴道菌群以及妊娠结局的影响。方法选择2017年9月至2018年9月在本院定期产检的孕妇,根据妊娠结局将孕妇分为正常妊娠组和不良妊娠组。收集两组患者一般资料及其阴道样本进行微生物检测及分析。结果不良妊娠组患者中HPV阳性患者比例明显高于正常妊娠组,正常妊娠组中HPV阴性和HPV阳性患者及不良妊娠组中HPV阴性患者阴道中乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)丰度最高,其次是加德纳菌(Gardnerella),普氏菌(Prevotella)和纤毛球菌(Sneathia)。不良妊娠组中HPV阳性患者阴道中乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)丰度最高,其次是加德纳菌(Gardnerella),芽孢杆菌(Bacillus),巨球菌(Megasphaera)和链球菌(Streptococcus)。不良妊娠组HPV阳性患者阴道中链球菌、巨球菌和芽孢杆菌丰度明显高于HPV阴性患者,乳杆菌和奇异菌(Atopobium)丰度明显低于HPV阴性患者。结论 HPV感染女性更易产生不良妊娠结局,其机制可能是HPV降低了阴道中乳杆菌丰度,增加阴道微生物群多样性和丰富度。     

调整阴道菌群失调在预防妊娠晚期未足月胎膜早破中的价值

目的探讨调整阴道菌群失调在预防妊娠晚期未足月胎膜早破(PPROM)中的价值。方法选取产科门诊进行产前检查无症状单胎妊娠晚期孕妇450例。根据检查结果将其分为菌群失常组138例和菌群正常组312例。菌群失常组根据患者的自愿行乳酸菌阴道胶囊治疗112例(治疗组),未行乳酸菌阴道胶囊治疗26例(对照组)。观察并比较菌群正常组和菌群失常组、治疗组与对照组PPROM发生率。结果菌群失常组孕妇138例中发生PPROM 8例(5.80%),菌群正常组孕妇312例中发生PPROM 3例(0.96%),菌群失常组孕妇PPROM发生率明显高于菌群正常组(χ2=7.46,P0.05)。治疗组孕妇112例中发生PPROM 3例(2.68%),对照组孕妇26例中发生PPROM 5例(19.23%),治疗组孕妇PPROM发生率明显低于对照组(χ2=7.77,P0.05)。结论妊娠晚期孕妇阴道菌群失调与PPROM发生关系密切,予以乳酸菌阴道胶囊调整阴道菌群失调可有利于预防和治疗妊娠妇女发生生殖道感染,降低PPROM发生率,减少其对母婴造成的不良结局。     

妊娠期女性HPV感染及阴道微生态失衡对妊娠结局及新生儿的影响

目的 探讨妊娠期女性人乳头瘤病毒(HPV)感染及阴道微生态失衡对妊娠结局及新生儿结局的影响,为该类患者的治疗提供参考。方法 选取2020年6月至2023年6月于我院产检的102例HPV阳性妊娠妇女(HPV阳性组)以及同期产检的78例HPV阴性妊娠妇女(HPV阴性组)为研究对象,于怀孕28～34周时,收集阴道分泌物评价阴道微生态状况;另根据微生态评价结果将HPV阳性组对象分为微生态正常组(n=26)和微生态失调组(n=76);比较HPV阳性组与HPV阴性组对象阴道微生态情况、妊娠结局及新生儿结局,比较微生态正常组与微生态失调组对象妊娠结局及新生儿结局。结果 HPV阳性组和HPV阴性组对象滴虫性阴道炎(TV)和外阴阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)发生率、阴道清洁度比较差异均无统计学意义(χ²=1.520、0.678、0.111,均P>0.05),而阴道pH、细菌性阴道病(BV)发生率、阴道菌群密集度、阴道菌群多样性以及微生态失调发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(χ²=10.106、 8.247、 4.337、 5.236、 13.865,均P<...     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊对妊娠晚期未足月胎膜早破的预防价值

目的探讨乳酸菌阴道胶囊对妊娠晚期未足月胎膜早破(PPROM)的预防价值。方法选取产科门诊进行产前检查的妊娠晚期单胎孕妇,筛查出阴道微生态失调180例。根据是否接受乳酸菌阴道胶囊治疗分为观察组132例与对照组48例。观察组孕妇睡前温开水冲洗外阴后于阴道后穹窿处放置乳酸菌阴道胶囊2粒,连用10d。10d后行阴道微生态检查,仍异常者再治疗10d。对照组未进行用药干预治疗。观察并评估观察组治疗后阴道pH、乳酸菌阳性率及阴道分泌物清洁度的变化,并比较两组PPROM发生率。结果观察组治疗后阴道pH(3.84±0.14)较前(4.72±0.16)明显下降,乳酸菌阳性率(90.15%)较前(0.00%)明显上升,阴道分泌物清洁度较前明显好转(χ2=2.35、P0.05;t=216.66、t=210.12,P0.01);观察组孕妇132例中发生PPROM 3例(2.27%),对照组孕妇48例中发生PPROM 6例(12.50%),观察组孕妇PPROM发生率明显低于对照组(χ2=5.75,P0.05)。结论妊娠晚期孕妇阴道微生态失调与PPROM发生关系密切,乳酸菌阴道胶囊可恢复正常的阴道微生态环境,降低PPROM发生率,对预防PPROM有较好的价值。     

腹腔镜联合GnRH-a治疗后Ⅲ-Ⅳ期子宫内膜异位症患者妊娠情况与阴道微生态的相关性

目的 探讨腹腔镜联合GnRH-a治疗后Ⅲ-Ⅳ期子宫内膜异位症(EMS)患者妊娠情况与阴道微生态的相关性。方法 经腹腔镜联合GnRH-a治疗后的196例EMS患者根据妊娠情况分为妊娠组(n=98)和未妊娠组(n=98),比较两组阴道微生态差异。将已成功妊娠的患者按照阴道微生态情况分组探讨阴道微生态对妊娠结局的影响和相关性。结果 治疗前未妊娠组与妊娠组的pH值、H₂O₂值、菌群密集度、菌群多样性、Nugent评分、AV评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),但治疗后未妊娠组上述指标异常的病例比例显著高于妊娠组(P<0.05)。在已成功妊娠的EMS患者中,阴道微生态异常的患者发生不良妊娠结局的比例显著高于阴道微生态正常的患者(P<0.05)。pH值、H₂O₂值、菌群密集度和多样性、Nugent评分和AV评分的异常可导致不良妊娠结局。结论 阴道微生态失衡是经腹腔镜和GnRH-a联合治疗后的Ⅲ-Ⅳ期EMS患者不能成功妊娠或妊娠后发生不良妊娠结局的重要原因。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊联合甲硝唑栓对妊娠晚期BV患者阴道乳酸菌及妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨乳酸菌阴道胶囊联合甲硝唑栓对妊娠晚期细菌性阴道病(BV)患者阴道乳酸菌数量及妊娠结局的影响。方法选取产科门诊治疗的妊娠晚期BV妇女110例,随机分为观察组和对照组各55例。观察组予以乳酸菌阴道胶囊(1粒/晨,1次/d)联合甲硝唑栓(1粒/晚,1次/d)阴道给药,对照组予以单纯甲硝唑栓阴道给药治疗,用法与用量同观察组,两组疗程均为10d。治疗结束后1周复诊观察阴道乳酸菌数量,并比较其临床疗效、妊娠结局及阴道假丝酵母菌病(VVC)的发生率。结果 1周后复诊,观察组患者阴道乳酸菌数量多于对照组(χ2=24.44,P0.01);临床总有效率较对照组高(χ2=4.27,P0.05);早产发生率较对照组低(χ2=4.95,P0.05)。两组胎膜早破、新生儿黄疸、产褥感染和低体重儿等方面比较,差异不具有统计学意义(Ps0.05)。观察组和对照组分别诱发VVC2例(3.64%)和8例(14.55%),观察组VVC发生率低于对照组(χ2=3.96,P0.05)。结论妊娠晚期BV患者予以乳酸菌阴道胶囊和甲硝唑栓联合治疗的疗效确切,能增加阴道乳酸菌数量,纠正阴道菌群紊乱,减少VVC的发生率,从而减少早产发生率,改善妊娠结局。     

妊娠中晚期孕妇阴道菌群紊乱的改变对不良妊娠结局的影响

目的探讨妊娠中晚期孕妇阴道菌群紊乱的改变对不良妊娠结局的影响。方法选取产科门诊就诊的妊娠28-34周的患者150例。根据检查结果将其分为菌群正常组48例和菌群失常组102例。观察并对比两组患者的不良妊娠结局。结果 102例菌群失常患者中滴虫6例,假丝酵母菌67例,衣原体17例,淋菌2例,细菌性阴道病10例。假丝酵母菌感染率明显高于其他致病菌(P0.05)。菌群失常组患者早产、胎膜早破、剖宫产、产褥感染发生率分别为15.69%、22.55%、35.29%和18.63%,均明显高于菌群正常组的4.17%、8.33%、18.75%和6.25%(P0.05)。菌群失常组患者新生儿黄疽、新生儿感染和低出生体重儿发生率分别为24.51%、21.57%、16.67%,均明显高于菌群正常组的10.42%、8.33%、4.17%(P0.05),在胎儿窘迫的发生率方面两组比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论妊娠中晚期阴道菌群紊乱中以假丝酵母菌感染发生率最多,与不良妊娠结局密切相关,增加了早产、胎膜早破、剖宫产、产褥感染、新生儿黄疸、新生儿感染和低出生体重儿等与不良妊娠结局的发生率。     

乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗对未足月胎膜早破的疗效及对其阴道微生态的影响

目的观察乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗对未足月胎膜早破的治疗效果,并探讨其对阴道微生态的影响。方法 86例未足月胎膜早破患者采用随机数表分为常规组与研究组,各43例。常规组予以常规治疗,研究组予以乳酸菌阴道胶囊联合常规治疗。比较治疗后两组阴道微生态、胎儿宫内感染率和分娩方式、母体和胎儿不良妊娠结局发生情况。结果治疗后研究组Chao1指数和Shannon指数均高于常规组(均P0.05),治疗后研究组阴道乳杆菌属、双歧杆菌属、优杆菌属相对丰度均高于常规组,表皮葡萄球菌属、假单胞菌属、奈瑟氏菌属、支原体属、加德纳菌属、肠球菌属相对丰度均低于常规组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);研究组胎儿宫内感染率、剖宫产率均低于常规组(均P0.05),研究组自然分娩率高于常规组(P0.05);研究组母体早产、产褥期感染及不良妊娠结局发生率均低于常规组(均P0.05);研究组宫内窘迫及围产儿不良妊娠结局发生率均低于常规组(均P0.05)。结论乳酸菌阴道胶囊辅助治疗未足月胎膜早破相较于常规治疗可改善阴道微生态,还可降低胎儿宫内感染率、剖宫产率,减少母体和围产儿不良妊娠结局的发生。     

大连市妊娠妇女妊娠晚期阴道微生态分布情况

目的调查分析大连市妊娠妇女妊娠晚期阴道微生态分布情况。方法随机选取大连市妇女儿童医疗中心产检门诊2018年1～6月25名健康妊娠妇女,收集孕晚期阴道菌群样本测序分析,并进行统计学比较。结果测序结果提示大连市孕产妇妊娠晚期阴道菌群中乳杆菌属和红球菌属的检出率为100%,所占比例分别为99.860%和0.011%,普雷沃菌属、叶杆菌属、解脲支原体、小杆菌属的出现率也都在50%以上,其中普雷沃菌属类群9(Prevotella_9)只出现在4例早产的样本中。结论大连市妊娠妇女妊娠期阴道菌群是由乳杆菌属占绝对主导地位并辅以红球菌属等,妊娠晚期阴道微生态的改变可影响妊娠结局的改变。     

Early pregnancy azathioprine use and pregnancy outcomes

BACKGROUND: Azathioprine (AZA) is used during pregnancy by women with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), other autoimmune disorders, malignancy, and organ transplantation. Previous studies have demonstrated potential risks. METHODS: The Swedish Medical Birth Register was used to identify 476 women who reported the use of AZA in early pregnancy. The effect of AZA exposure on pregnancy outcomes was studied after adjustment for maternal characteristics that could act as confounders. RESULTS: The most common indication for AZA use was IBD. The rate of congenital malformations was 6.2% in the AZA group and 4.7% among all infants born (adjusted OR: 1.41, 95% CI: 0.98–2.04). An association between early pregnancy AZA exposure and ventricular/atrial septal defects was found (adjusted OR: 3.18, 95% CI: 1.45–6.04). Exposed infants were also more likely to be preterm, to weigh <2500 gm, and to be small for gestational age compared to all infants born. This effect remained for preterm birth and low birth weight when infants of women with IBD but without AZA exposure were used as a comparison group. A trend toward an increased risk of congenital malformations was found among infants of women with IBD using AZA compared to women with IBD not using AZA (adjusted OR: 1.42, 95% CI: 0.93–2.18). CONCLUSIONS: Infants exposed to AZA in early pregnancy may be at a moderately increased risk of congenital malformations, specifically ventricular/atrial septal defects. There is also an increased risk of growth restriction and preterm delivery. These associations may be confounded by the severity of maternal illness. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.     

Oxidative stress early in pregnancy and pregnancy outcome

The objectives of this study were to determine whether oxidative stress early in pregnancy influenced pregnancy outcome. A combination of assays were used for exogenous and endogenous anti-oxidants together with two well accepted biomarkers for oxidative stress, the urinary excretion of 8-iso-PGF_2α (a biomarker marker for lipid oxidation, n=508) and 8-oxo-7,8 dihydro-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a biomarker for DNA oxidation, n=487). The two biomarkers tracked different pregnancy outcomes. Isoprostanes were associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia and a decreased proportion of female births. In contrast, 8-OHdG tracked lower infant birthweight and shortened gestation duration. Birth defects were associated with low levels of 8-OHdG.     

Oxidative stress early in pregnancy and pregnancy outcome

The objectives of this study were to determine whether oxidative stress early in pregnancy influenced pregnancy outcome. A combination of assays were used for exogenous and endogenous anti-oxidants together with two well accepted biomarkers for oxidative stress, the urinary excretion of 8-iso-PGF(2alpha) (a biomarker marker for lipid oxidation, n=508) and 8-oxo-7,8 dihydro-2 deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG, a biomarker for DNA oxidation, n=487). The two biomarkers tracked different pregnancy outcomes. Isoprostanes were associated with an increased risk of pre-eclampsia and a decreased proportion of female births. In contrast, 8-OHdG tracked lower infant birthweight and shortened gestation duration. Birth defects were associated with low levels of 8-OHdG.     

Sleep and pregnancy

Sleep disturbances are frequent during pregnancy and are currently regarded as one of the most important factors determining pregnancy outcome. Detailed research of sleep features during pregnancy is obviously essential. In the present review recent data concerning changes in sleep structure and regulation in pregnant women and rats - main subjects of experimental sleep research, are given, including surmised mechanisms underlying such changes. The importance of women's sleep integrity preservation during pregnancy for the viability and normal development of the fetus is emphasized and possible ways of pathological influence of sleep disorders during this period are discussed.     

Thrombophilia and pregnancy

Pregnancy is hypercoagulable state. The field of thrombophilia; the tendency to thrombosis, has been developed rapidly and has been linked to many aspects of pregnancy. It is recently that severe pregnancy complications such as severe preeclampsia intrauterine growth retardation abruptio placentae and stillbirth has been shown to be associated with thrombophilia. Recurrent miscarriage and has also been associated with thrombophilia. Finally, thromboembolism in pregnancy as in the non-pregnant state is linked to thrombophilia. In this review all aspects of thrombophilia in pregnancy are discussed, and also all prophylactic and therapeutic implications.     

Schistosomiasis and pregnancy

Currently, schistosomes infect approximately 40 million women of child-bearing age, yet little is known about schistosome-associated morbidity in pregnant women and their offspring. Animal models indicate a deleterious effect of schistosome infection on maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes. Case reports have documented maternal infection in association with poor birth outcomes, and two observational studies indicate that maternal schistosome infection might be associated with decreased birth weight. Rigorously identifying and quantifying the impact of schistosome infection on pregnancy outcomes with well-designed observational and treatment studies are crucial for improving birth outcomes in schistosome-endemic areas. In addition, studies that address the safety of praziquantel during pregnancy could lead to further adoption of the recent informal recommendation by the World Health Organization to treat schistosome-infected pregnant and lactating women.     

Radiation and pregnancy

Irradiation during pregnancy may occur either as the result of radioactive pollution of the environment, or during a medical procedure using x-rays or radionuclides. While the former is usually unforeseeable, the latter is known and accepted by both physician and patient.Recent statistics estimate that about one quarter of pregnant women have had a radiographic experience during the pregnancy, either for obstetrical reasons or in the course of medical and dental examinations. The amount of radiation delivered to the fetus is in the range of one rad or less. Radionuclidic procedures may result in fetal radiocontamination, chiefly after placental transfer and fetal uptake. Radioiodine, radioactive calcium and selenomethionine are dangerous for the fetus, since they cross the placenta freely and are taken up by fetal tissues. The labelled proteins, radiocolloids and some mercury compounds remain in the maternal compartment and therefore can affect the fetus only through their gamma radiation at some distance from the fetus.The teratogenic effect, the leukemogenic threshold and the lowered resistance to neonatal infections have been demonstrated after irradiation with doses far higher than those encountered during diagnostic applications of ionizing radiation. Statistical data suggest an increase of susceptibility to leukemia in infancy after intra-uterine irradiation at a diagnostic level. Cytogenic analysis may.... offer valuable data for the establishment of the extent of radiation damage.