机械点样DNA微点阵技术及其在基因表达分析上的应用(I)

从芯片制作、芯片杂交、芯片扫读与图像分析、基因表达数据分析等方面,详细介绍了机械点样DNA微点阵技术及其应用于多基因表达分析的基本步骤与原理。     

机械点样DNA微点阵技术及其在基因表达分析上的应用(Ⅱ)

从芯片制作、芯片杂交、芯片扫读与图像分析,基因表达数据分析等方面,详细介绍了机械点样DNA微点阵技术及其应用于多基因表达分析的基本步骤与原理。     

机械点样DNA微点阵技术及其在基因表达分析上的应用(II)

从芯片制作、芯片杂交、芯片扫读与图像分析、基因表达数据分析等方面,详细介绍了机械点样DNA微点阵技术及其应用于多基因表达分析的基本步骤与原理。     

机械点样DNA微点阵技术及其在基因表达分析上的应用(Ⅰ)

从芯片制作、芯片杂交、芯片扫读与图像分析,基因表达数据分析等方面,详细介绍了机械点样DNA微点阵技术及其应用于多基因表达分析的基本步骤与原理。     

DNA芯片的制作原理及其应用

综述了DNA芯片制作原理和杂交信号检测方法及发展趋势,对DNA芯片在研究基因结构和基因表达等方面的应用进行了分析。     

DNA芯片制作原理及其杂交信号检测方法

文章讨论了ＤＮＡ芯片的制作原理和杂交信号的检测方法。依其结构,ＤＮＡ芯片可分为两种形式,ＤＮＡ阵列和寡核苷酸微芯片。ＤＮＡ芯片的制作方法主要有光导原位合成法和自动化点样法。ＤＮＡ芯片与标记的探针或ＤＮＡ样品杂交,并通过探测杂交信号谱型业实现ＤＮＡ序列或基因表达的分析。适应于ＤＮＡ芯片的发展,同时出现了许多新型的杂交信号检测方法。主要有激光荧光扫描显微镜、激光扫描共焦显微镜、结合作用ＣＣＤ相机的荧光     

人类基因组DNA单核苷酸多态性的检测方法

单核苷酸多态性（SNP）作为新的遗传标记对基因定位及相关疾病的研究意义重大。本文对近年来9种SNP检测方法的原理、应用及优缺点,包括基于FRET原理的Taqman法和分子灯塔法;基于分子杂交技术的寡核苷酸连接分析、等位基因特异性寡核苷酸探针杂交法、动态等位基因特异性杂交法及DNA芯片法;及质谱法、变性－高压液相色谱法和单个碱基延伸标记法进行综述。     

DNA芯片制作原理及其杂交信号检测方法

文章讨论了DNA芯片的制作原理和杂交信号的检测方法。依其结构,DNA芯片可分为两种形式,DNA阵列和寡核苷酸微芯片。DNA芯片的制作方法主要有光导原位合成法和自动化点样法。DNA芯片与标记的探针或DNA样品杂交,并通过探测杂交信号谱型来实现DNA序列或基因表达的分析。适应于DNA芯片的发展,同时出现了许多新型的杂交信号检测方法。主要有激光荧光扫描显微镜、激光扫描共焦显微镜、结合使用CCD相机的荧光显微镜、光纤生物传感器、化学发生法、光激发磷光物质存储屏法、光散射法等。     

结合SSH和cDNA芯片技术在植物研究中的应用

抑制性差减杂交(Suppression Subtractive Hybridization,SSH)技术是分离差异表达基因的一种新方法。cDNA芯片也是近年来发展起来的一种新技术,它是指将大量的特定的寡核苷酸片段或基因片段作为探针,有规律地排列固定于硅片、玻片、塑料片等固相支持物上制成的芯片。本文主要介绍抑制差减杂交和cDNA芯片技术原理及其在植物研究中的应用。     

生物芯片技术的原理与应用

生物芯片是指将大量生物讯息密码（寡核苷酸、cDNA、基因组DNA、蛋白质等）以预先设计的方式固定在玻片、硅片等固相载体上组成的密集分子阵列,可分为核酸芯片、蛋白芯片、芯片实验室三类,生物芯片技术的本质是生物信号的平行分析,它利用核酸分子杂交,蛋白分子亲和原理,通过荧光标记技术检测杂交或亲和否,可迅速获得所需信息。高效、快速的生物芯片技术以其无与伦比的优势,在已医学、分子生物学等领域显现出巨大的应用价值,具有非常广阔的发展前景。     

CONAN: copy number variation analysis software for genome-wide association studies

Background  

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) revolutionized our perception of the genetic regulation of complex traits and diseases. Copy number variations (CNVs) promise to shed additional light on the genetic basis of monogenic as well as complex diseases and phenotypes. Indeed, the number of detected associations between CNVs and certain phenotypes are constantly increasing. However, while several software packages support the determination of CNVs from SNP chip data, the downstream statistical inference of CNV-phenotype associations is still subject to complicated and inefficient in-house solutions, thus strongly limiting the performance of GWAS based on CNVs.     

高密度基因芯片探针布局方法

为了提高基因芯片制备质量和检测的准确性,提出两种基因芯片布局方法,一是分子印章凸点优化布局方法,另一种是基于探针杂交解链温度的梯度场布局方法。利用上述两种方法对所设计的高密度基因芯片进行控针布局实验,结果表明,第一种方法能够使制备基因芯片的分子印章上凸点均匀分布,解决误压印问题,从而提高基因芯片的制备质量;而第二种方法能够使基因芯片上的探针按照杂交解链温度有序地组织起来,从而提高基因芯片对碱基错配的辨别力。     

基于微流控的真菌单细胞捕获和培养

【背景】真菌单细胞培养在研究细胞异质性及细胞生长特性等方面十分重要,因此需要建立简单便捷的方法对真菌单细胞进行培养与观察。【目的】基于微流控建立一种真菌单细胞的捕获及培养方法,同时直观地对单细胞进行定位和实时观察。【方法】利用L-edit设计芯片图案并利用等离子键合的方法制备微流控芯片;通过注射泵将红酵母菌溶液及里氏木霉孢子溶液进样以实现单细胞捕获;采用台盼蓝染色法测定酵母细胞的存活率;利用显微镜对酵母单细胞及木霉孢子的萌发、生长、繁殖过程进行观察。【结果】所制备的芯片形状完好,可实现酵母或孢子的单细胞捕获;酵母的捕获率为25.00%±1.38%;分别于0、2、4、6h对酵母进行观察,可看到酵母出芽过程;培养至48h,芯片上酵母细胞的存活率与游离培养条件下的存活率无显著性差异;分别于0、3、6、9 h对单个孢子进行观察,可以看到孢子萌发以及菌丝生长情况,且直至120h菌丝仍在生长。【结论】设计并制备了一种用于真菌单细胞捕获及定位培养的微流控芯片,这是此种芯片在真菌单细胞培养中的首次应用。细胞可在此微流控芯片上正常生长至少2 d,并可实现5 d及更长时间的培养,此方法可对真菌单细胞进行直观、定位的实时观察,有望用于多种微生物单细胞的生理、遗传性状研究,以及原生质体融合育种研究。     

蛋白质芯片技术

以前对蛋白质的研究集中在一次研究一种蛋白质 ,通常费时费力 ;而蛋白质芯片技术是研究蛋白质组的新技术 ,是高通量、微型化和自动化的蛋白质分析技术。它可以用来研究蛋白质的亚细胞定位和蛋白质与蛋白质之间的相互作用 ,以及对蛋白质的功能进行生物化学分析 ,将对蛋白质组研究及医学生物学的发展有很大的推动作用。较系统地介绍了蛋白质芯片的概念、制作及检测方法 ;同时也讨论了蛋白质芯片的两种功能形式、存在问题和应用前景。     

High-Throughput Heterogeneous Integration of Diverse Nanomaterials on a Single Chip for Sensing Applications

There is a large variety of nanomaterials each with unique electronic, optical and sensing properties. However, there is currently no paradigm for integration of different nanomaterials on a single chip in a low-cost high-throughput manner. We present a high throughput integration approach based on spatially controlled dielectrophoresis executed sequentially for each nanomaterial type to realize a scalable array of individually addressable assemblies of graphene, carbon nanotubes, metal oxide nanowires and conductive polymers on a single chip. This is a first time where such a diversity of nanomaterials has been assembled on the same layer in a single chip. The resolution of assembly can range from mesoscale to microscale and is limited only by the size and spacing of the underlying electrodes on chip used for assembly. While many applications are possible, the utility of such an array is demonstrated with an example application of a chemical sensor array for detection of volatile organic compounds below parts-per-million sensitivity.     

High throughput gene expression measurement with real time PCR in a microfluidic dynamic array

We describe a high throughput gene expression platform based on microfluidic dynamic arrays. This system allows 2,304 simultaneous real time PCR gene expression measurements in a single chip, while requiring less pipetting than is required to set up a 96 well plate. We show that one can measure the expression of 45 different genes in 18 tissues with replicates in a single chip. The data have excellent concordance with conventional real time PCR and the microfluidic dynamic arrays show better reproducibility than commercial DNA microarrays.     

Rapid and onsite BOD sensing system using luminous bacterial cells-immobilized chip

A BOD monitoring system based on a bio-chip which immobilized luminous bacterium in micrometer-order holes were arrayed and fabricated by micro-machine techniques, was developed. The acrylic chip (3 cmx3 cm) comprises nine micro-holes (diameter: 700 microm or 1 mm, depth: 100 microm) arranged in a three by three array. Cells of the marine luminous bacterium, Photobacterium phosphoreum IFO 13896, which was grown at 15 degrees C for 15 h, were immobilized with 3% or 15% sodium alginate gel. BOD standard solutions or actual sample solution (approximately 10 microl) was fallen onto the cell-arrayed chip, and then the chip was incubated at 25 degrees C for 25 min. After incubation, bioluminescence from the each hole was gray-scaled and measured by a chemi-imager or newly developed onsite-type-monitoring system using a digital camera and a mobile-type personal computer. BOD values less than 16 ppm could detect by the chip, in particular, linear relationship at the concentrations between 0 and 16 ppm could be observed when luminous cells were immobilized with 3% sodium alginate gel. Steady bioluminescence was observed on the chip in the presence of BOD standard solution (GGA solution) which contained mineral elements. Furthermore, simultaneous detection of BOD values in various samples could be employed in the single chip. These results showed that the monitoring system with bio-chip could achieve high-through-put and onsite BOD detection. Our newly developed onsite-type BOD detection system which was used a digital camera and a (mobile) laptop computer was applied to measure and detect organic pollution due to biodegradable substances in wastewater treatment system. The same performance as the chemi-imager system was obtained for data of bioluminescence. The obtained BOD values showed a similar correlation with that of the conventional method for BOD determination (BOD5). These results suggested for successful achievement of high-though-put and onsite detection of BOD in practical.     

Containment sensors for the determination of L-lactate and glucose

This paper reports some new results on enzyme based silicon containment sensors. For the first time an L-lactate sensor in containment technology is presented. Through optimization of the buffer system the stability of the lactate sensor was enhanced and the linear response of over 10 mM was achieved. The glucose sensor has also been optimized for a large linear measurement range exceeding 30 mM. A two-enzyme chip with glucose and lactate sensor elements which were integrated on one silicon chip is presented. The response behaviour of the two-enzyme chip was very similar to the single chip behaviour. No cross-talking effects could be observed. A fabrication process for mass-production is described.     

Construction of a cultivation system of a yeast single cell in a cell chip microchamber

A novel single cell screening system was constructed using a yeast cell chip in combination with the yeast cell surface engineering [NanoBiotechnology 2005, 1, 105-111]. Enzymes or functional proteins displayed on a yeast cell surface can be used as a protein cluster. To achieve high-throughput screening of protein libraries on the cell surface, a catalytic reaction by a single cell-surface-engineered yeast cell was successfully carried out in the microchamber on the yeast cell chip. After screening, to replicate a target cell for use in measuring of activity, DNA sequencing, and preservation, a novel single cell cultivation system in the yeast cell chip was constructed. To avoid damage of the rapid dry up of medium in the microchamber array, the yeast cell chip was modified with a protection sheet, so that the modified chip was like a micro-culture tank constructed on the yeast cell chip microchamber. As a result, single yeast cell cultivation in the yeast cell chip microchamber was observed, and the modified yeast cell chip was evaluated to be good for a single cell selection. The improvement showed that the single cell screening system coupled with the single cell cultivation using the modified yeast cell chip may be superior to that by a cell sorter for the isolation of a target cell and its practical use.     

微流控芯片技术在食品领域中的应用

微流控芯片技术是一种全新的微量分析技术。介绍了微流控芯片技术的基本原理、特点及分类,并深入讨论了该技术在食品安全、营养、加工和风味等食品领域中的应用,包括有害化学物质、食品添加剂、转基因食品和食源性致病微生物等的检测,营养物质和功能成分的分析鉴定,食品工艺参数的调控以及食品风味成分的检测,展望了微流控芯片技术在食品领域的广阔应用前景。