DNA芯片制作原理及其杂交信号检测方法

文章讨论了DNA芯片的制作原理和杂交信号的检测方法。依其结构,DNA芯片可分为两种形式,DNA阵列和寡核苷酸微芯片。DNA芯片的制作方法主要有光导原位合成法和自动化点样法。DNA芯片与标记的探针或DNA样品杂交,并通过探测杂交信号谱型来实现DNA序列或基因表达的分析。适应于DNA芯片的发展,同时出现了许多新型的杂交信号检测方法。主要有激光荧光扫描显微镜、激光扫描共焦显微镜、结合使用CCD相机的荧光显微镜、光纤生物传感器、化学发生法、光激发磷光物质存储屏法、光散射法等。

DNA Chip: Principle of Fabrication and Detection of Hybridization Signals

The making methods and the detection of hybridization signal are reviewed.According to the structures,DNA chip can be divided into two variants,DNA array and oligonucleotide microchip.DNA chips are fabricated either by in situ light\|directed combinatorial synthesis or by conventional synthesis followed by Drootically printing on solid substrates.Sample DNA or labeled probes are hybridized to the chips,and the sequence information or the gene expression is analysised by detecting the hybridization signal pattern.Along with the development of DNA chip,new methods for sensitive detection of hybridization have also been developed using laser fluorescent scanner,laser confocal fluorescence scaning microscopy,epifluorescence microscope coupled with a CCD camera,fiber\|optic biosensor,chemiluminescence,photoexcitable storage phosphor screen,light scatteering.