唑来膦酸和伊班膦酸钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移的成本-效用分析

摘要 目的：评价唑来膦酸和伊班膦酸钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移患者的经济性。方法：回顾性分析2020年1月-2022年1月于×医院就诊的86例恶性肿瘤骨转移病例,其中46例使用唑来膦酸治疗（A组）,40例使用伊班膦酸钠治疗（B组）,对比两组疼痛控制效果、不良反应发生情况及简明健康状况测量量表（SF-36）评分,同时汇总两种治疗方案的成本,运用药物经济学原理进行成本-效用分析。结果：A组疼痛控制率为82.61%,与B组的85.00%比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）;治疗后,两组SF-36评分中的生理功能（PF）、生理职能（RP）、躯体疼痛（BP）、总体健康（GH）、社会功能（SF）、精神健康（MH）、情感职能（RE）、活力（VT）均较治疗前明显升高（P<0.05）,但组间比较差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）;A组、B组不良反应发生率相似,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;A组药品成本（C1）和总成本（C）分别为（4052.50±80.50）元、（4453.87±123.56）元,高于B组的（2025.50±70.15）元和（2395.44±109.17）元,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）;A组成本-效用比（CUR）采用SF-36量表评分评判为4189.94,B组为2829.17。结论：考虑药物的有效性及经济性,采用伊班膦酸钠治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移具有明显的成本-效用优势,值得临床推广应。     

伊班膦酸钠联合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移的临床观察

目的:探讨伊班膦酸钠联合化疗治疗恶性骨转移的临床疗效.方法:采用随机分组的方法将60例病人分为二组:单纯化疗组:根据原发肿瘤采用相应的治疗方案;联合治疗组:在化疗基础上联合邦罗力治疗.结果:骨转移灶疗效评价:联合治疗组的有效率为50%,单纯化疗组的有效率为23.3%,前者的疗效明显优于后者,且有显著性差异(p＜0.05);止痛疗效评价:联合治疗组的有效率为83.3%,单纯化疗组的有效率为53.3%,前者明显优于后者,且有显著性差异(p＜0.05).结论:伊班膦酸钠的不良反应轻,联合化疗可显著增强疗效,改善患者体能状态.     

伊班膦酸钠联合钙尔奇D片治疗老年性骨质疏松症的疗效

目的:探讨伊班膦酸钠注射液联合钙尔奇D片治疗老年性骨质疏松症的疗效及对患者血尿常规、肝肾功能及心电图的影响。方法:选择我院收治的72例老年骨质疏松症患者,采用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组各36例,观察组给予伊班膦酸钠注射液联合钙尔奇D片进行治疗,对照组仅给予钙尔奇D片进行治疗,治疗时间为12个月,在治疗前,治疗后6个月及治疗后12个月时对比两组治疗效果及临床不良反应发生情况,并对两组患者的血尿常规、肝肾功能及心电图进行对比检查。结果:观察组在治疗6个月时BALP和TRAP-5b分别为(10.96±0.93)ug/L、(3.71±0.72)U/L,较治疗前和对照组均明显下降,比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组在治疗12个月时BALP和TRAP-5b分别为(10.91±0.81)ug/L、(3.73±0.65)U/L,较治疗前和对照组亦显著下降,比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);对照组在治疗后6个月及12个月时,各检测指标统计值与治疗前比较,变化不大,比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05);两种患者在治疗前、6个月、12个月时血尿常规、肝肾功能及心电图之间无统计学差异(P0.05);两组患者中均无明显严重的不良反应发生,不良反应发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:临床中联合应用伊班膦酸钠注射液和钙尔奇D片对老年性骨质疏松症进行治疗,可获得较为满意疗效,且对患者血尿常规、肝肾功能及心电图影响较小,不良反应发生率较低,病人耐受度较好,故值得在临床中应用。     

复方苦参注射液对放疗肺损伤的临床疗效及安全性观察

目的:探究复方苦参注射液对放疗性肺损伤防护作用及安全性。方法:选取我院胸外科收治的肺癌患者112例,随机分为两组,其中对照组57例,予常规单纯放疗治疗;实验组55例,在常规放疗治疗的同时加用复方苦参注射液5 m L,溶于0.9%氯化钠注射液250 m L,日一次静滴,至放疗结束。治疗结束后对比后两组患者放射性肺炎的比率、放射性肺纤维化比率及血浆TGF-β1和TNF-α值。结果:1放射治疗前两组血浆TGF-β1和TNF-α值无明显差异,无统计学意义(P0.05),放疗治疗后实验组血浆TGF-β1和TNF-α值较对照组明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),肺纤维化比率较对照组明显减低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2放疗治疗后实验组放射性肺炎的比率明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);结论:复方苦参注射液够明显预防由于放射性治疗带来的肺损伤,对临床具有指导意义,值得临床推广。     

吉西他滨与吉非替尼联合顺铂治疗西北区非小细胞肺癌患者的疗效分析

目的：比较吉西他滨与吉非替尼联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床有效性及安全性。方法：80例非小细胞肺癌患者根据入院顺序平分为治疗组与对照组各40例,治疗组采用吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗,对照组采用吉非替尼联合顺铂治疗。对比观察两组治疗效果及存活时间。结果：经过治疗后,治疗组无完全缓解患（CR）病例,部分缓解（PR）16例,有效率（RR）40．0％;对照组无完全缓解（CR）病例,部分缓解（PR）8例,有效率（RR）20．0％。治疗组的治疗有效率明显高于对照组,两组差异有显着性意义（P〈0．05）。治疗组1年生存率为50．0％（20／40）,对照组1年生存率为45．0％（18／40）,两组1年生存率比较无统计学差异（P〉005）。治疗组在治疗中有20例患者出现不同程度的不良反应,治疗组出现23例不同程度的不良反应。两组不良反应主要为皮疹、腹泻、转氨酶升高、皮肤水泡等。两组总的不良反应发生率与各个单项不良反应发生率相比无显着性差异,具有可比性（P〉0．05）。结论：吉西他滨联合顺铂治疗非小细胞肺癌的临床有能取得更好的近期治疗效果,同时无明显不良反应,但不会提高1年生存率,值得推广应用。     

复方甘草酸苷联合中药熏蒸及窄谱紫外线治疗银屑病效果分析

目的：分析复方甘草酸苷联合中药熏蒸及窄谱紫外线治疗银屑病的临床治疗效果。方法：观察组患者给予复方甘草酸苷联合中药熏蒸及窄谱紫外线治疗,对照组患者给予复方甘草酸苷治疗。观察比较两组患者的治疗效果。结果：观察组患者治疗后PASI评分为（4．0±2．1）分明显低于对照组的（7．6±2．4）分,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组的复发率为17．7％明显低于对照组的45．2％,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组的总有效率为88．71％,明显高于对照组的74．19％,两组比较具有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论：复方甘草酸苷联合中药熏蒸及窄谱紫外线用于治疗银屑病,临床效果显著,值得在临床上推广应用。     

回生口服液对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者血浆纤维蛋白原和血小板水平的影响

目的：研究回生口服液对晚期非小细胞肺癌患者血浆纤维蛋白原和血小板水平的影响。方法：选取2011年1月至2013年7月已被收治的112例晚期非小细胞肺癌患者按照知情同意原则随机分为治疗组（60例）和对照组（52例）两组,治疗组在支持、对症治疗的基础上口服回生口服液治疗,对照组仅给予支持、对症治疗,4周后观察两组患者经两种不同的治疗方案治疗后患者血浆纤维蛋白原及血小板水平变化。结果：治疗组经给药治疗后血浆纤维蛋白原及血小板水平与治疗前相近,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;对照组经治疗后血浆纤维蛋白原及血小板水平较治疗前高,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;治疗组给药治疗后血浆纤维蛋白原及血小板水平均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：回生口服液可能是通过降低血浆纤维蛋白原及血小板的含量从而改善晚期非小细胞肺癌患者的血液高凝状态。     

急性白血病的P16基因表达分析

应用免疫组织化学方法．对61例急性白血病患者P16基因表达进行检测和分析。结果表明：AML和ALL患者的P16表达均显著低于对照组（P＜0.001）,ALLP16表达又显著低于AML（P＜0．05）。AL亚型中P16表达率以M2最高,L3最低。比较耐药组和药敏组,P16表达两组间有显著差异（P＜0．05）,但初诊组与复发组、缓解组与未缓解组比较未见统计学差异（P＞0．05）。上述结果提示：P16基因表达异常在急性白血病的发生、发展中起重要作用,但与白血病患者的治疗和预后无明显关系。     

复方利多海浮膏对混合痔患者外剥内扎术后肛缘疼痛的临床效果

目的：探讨复方利多海浮膏用于治疗混合痔外剥内扎术后肛缘疼痛和水肿的临床疗效。方法：选择2012 年7月-2014 年12 月在我院接受混合痔外剥内扎术治疗的患者70 例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各35 例。治疗组采用复方利多海浮膏外敷换 药治疗,对照组采用黄连膏换药治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后肛缘疼痛和水肿的变化情况。结果：两组患者术前疼痛评分 及肛缘水肿得分差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗组患者治疗后1 天、2 天、3 天、5 天的疼痛评分和肛缘水肿得分均显著低于对 照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;治疗组患者治疗总有效率显著优于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：复方利多海 浮膏外敷换药用于治疗混合痔外剥内扎术后肛缘疼痛和水肿方面的疗效更好。     

关节腔注射联合周林频谱仪治疗对类风湿关节炎合并骨关节炎的体会

目的：探讨关节腔注射联合周林频谱仪对类风湿关节炎合并骨关节炎的疗效及护理体会。方法：将本院90例类风湿关节炎合并骨关节炎患者随机分成3组,所有患者治疗前均进行全身情况评估以及相应的常规护理措施．对照A组30例予以玻璃酸钠20mg关节腔内注射,观察A组30例使用玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射联合周林频谱仪患处照射,平均时间（19±4．5）min,照射距离以皮肤感觉温热为宜。观察B组30例在观察A组治疗方案基础上实施康复训练。三组均以15d为一疗程,疗程结束后比较各组患者临床总有效率、血液流变学变化情况以及不良反应的发生率。结果：（1）治疗后观察组临床症状总有效率较对照组比较具有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,观察组优于对照组,治疗后观察B组临床症状总有效率较观察A组比较具有统计学差异（P〈0．05）,观察B组优于观察A组;（2）治疗后三组血流速度（Vs）、平均血流速度（Vd）、舒张末期血流速度（Vm）均较治疗前升高（P〈0．05）,其中观察组升高幅度较对照组明显（P〈0．05）;观察组中观察B组优于观察A组（P〈0．05）;（3）三组不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。结论：玻璃酸钠关节腔内注射联合周林频谱仪对类风湿关节炎合并骨关节炎疗效肯定,能快速改善患者临床症状,科学良好的康复护理干预是促进疗效的关键。     

Cancer cells with irons in the fire

Iron is essential for the growth and proliferation of cells, as well as for many biological processes that are important for the maintenance and survival of the human body. However, excess iron is associated with the development of cancer and other pathological conditions, due in part to the pro-oxidative nature of iron and its damaging effects on DNA. Current studies suggest that iron depletion may be beneficial for patients that have diseases associated with iron overload or other iron metabolism disorders that may increase the risk for cancer. On the other hand, studies suggest that cancer cells are more vulnerable to the effects of iron depletion and oxidative stress in comparison to normal cells. Therefore, cancer patients might benefit from treatments that alter both iron metabolism and oxidative stress. This review highlights the pro-oxidant effects of iron, the relationship between iron and cancer development, the vulnerabilities of the iron-dependent cancer phenotype, and how these characteristics may be exploited to prevent or treat cancer.     

Cancer of the Bladder in Patients Treated with Chlornaphazine

Two patients treated for Hodgkin''s disease with chlornaphazine developed cancer of the bladder five and six years after treatment with the drug had been stopped.     

Skin Homografts in Patients with Cancer of the Cervix

Skin homografts were applied to patients with cervical cancer. In 9% (10 of 110) of untreated patients, grafts survived for more than two weeks. The frequency of prolonged graft survival was increased by pelvic surgery or radiotherapy. It was highest, 62% (34 of 55), in those with recurrent cancer. Recurrence and death in patients studied prior to treatment and followed up six months to two and a half years was three times more frequent in those with grafts tolerated over two weeks than in those rejecting them in a shorter period, i.e. five of 10 and 10 of 74, respectively.     

Genetic Variations in SMAD7 Are Associated with Colorectal Cancer Risk in the Colon Cancer Family Registry

Background

Recent genome-wide studies identified a risk locus for colorectal cancer at 18q21, which maps to the SMAD7 gene. Our objective was to confirm the association between SMAD7 SNPs and colorectal cancer risk in the multi-center Colon Cancer Family Registry.

Materials and Methods

23 tagging SNPs in the SMAD7 gene were genotyped among 1,592 population-based and 253 clinic-based families. The SNP-colorectal cancer associations were assessed in multivariable conditional logistic regression.

Results

Among the population-based families, both SNPs rs12953717 (odds ratio, 1.29; 95% confidence interval, 1.12–1.49), and rs11874392 (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% confidence interval, 0.70–0.92) were associated with risk of colorectal cancer. These associations were similar among the population- and the clinic-based families, though they were significant only among the former. Marginally significant differences in the SNP-colorectal cancer associations were observed by use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, cigarette smoking, body mass index, and history of polyps.

Conclusions

SMAD7 SNPs were associated with colorectal cancer risk in the Colon Cancer Family Registry. There was evidence suggesting that the association between rs12953717 and colorectal cancer risk may be modified by factors such as smoking and use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.     

The Facilitating Role of Chemotherapy in the Palliative Phase of Cancer: Qualitative Interviews with Advanced Cancer Patients

Objective

To explore the extent to which patients have a directing role in decisions about chemotherapy in the palliative phase of cancer and (want to) anticipate on the last stage of life.

Design

Qualitative interview study.

Methods

In depth-interviews with 15 patients with advanced colorectal or breast cancer at the medical oncology department in a Dutch teaching hospital; interviews were analysed following the principles of thematic content-analysis.

Results

All patients reported to know that the chemotherapy they received was with palliative intent. Most of them did not express the wish for information about (other) treatment options and put great trust in their physicians’ treatment advice. The more patients were aware of the severity of their disease, the more they seemed to ‘live their life’ in the present and enjoy things besides having cancer. Such living in the present seemed to be facilitated by the use of chemotherapy. Patients often considered the ‘chemotherapy-free period’ more stressful than periods when receiving chemotherapy despite their generally improved physical condition. Chemotherapy (regardless of side-effects) seemed to shift patients’ attention away from the approaching last stage of life. Interestingly, although patients often discussed advance care planning, they were reluctant to bring on end-of-life issues that bothered them at that specific moment. Expressing real interest in people ‘as a person’ was considered an important element of appropriate care.

Conclusions

Fearing their approaching death, patients deliberately focus on living in the present. Active (chemotherapy) treatment facilitates this focus, regardless of the perceived side-effects. However, if anxiety for what lies ahead is the underlying reason for treatment, efforts should be made in assisting patients to find other ways to cope with this fear. Simultaneously, such an approach may reduce the use of burdensome and sometimes costly treatment in the last stage of life.     

Variability in the Practice of Fertility Preservation for Patients with Cancer

Fertility is important to women and men with cancer. While options for fertility preservation (FP) are available, knowledge regarding the medical application of FP is lacking. Therefore we examined FP practices for cancer patients among reproductive endocrinologists (REs). A 36 item survey was sent to board-certified REs. 98% of respondents reported counseling women with cancer about FP options. Oocyte and embryo cryopreservation were universally offered by these providers, but variability was noted in reported management of these cases—particularly for women with breast cancer. 86% of the respondents reported using letrozole during controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) in patients with estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer to minimize patient exposure to estrogen. 49% of respondents who reported using letrozole in COS for patients with ER+ breast cancer reported that they would also use letrozole in COS for women with ER negative breast cancer. Variability was also noted in the management of FP for men with cancer. 83% of participants reported counseling men about sperm banking with 22% recommending against banking for men previously exposed to chemotherapy. Overall, 79% of respondents reported knowledge of American Society for Clinical Oncology FP guidelines—knowledge that was associated with providers offering gonadal tissue cryopreservation (RR 1.82, 95% CI 1.14–2.90). These findings demonstrate that RE management of FP in cancer patients varies. Although some variability may be dictated by local resources, standardization of FP practices and communication with treating oncologists may help ensure consistent recommendations and outcomes for patients seeking FP.