不同术式治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效比较

目的：比较不同手术方法治疗新生血管性青光眼（neovascular glaucoma,NVG）的疗效。方法：对接受不同术式治疗的57例57只眼NVG的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中行单纯睫状体冷凝术20例（A组）,改良小梁切除术15例（B组）,引流阀植入术联合全视网膜光凝术22例（c组）。比较各组患者手术前后主观眼痛症状、眼压及视力变化情况,并随访3～6个月。结果：A组患者出院时的平均眼压为（28．13＋4．83）mmHg,B组为（19．24±5．48）mmHg,C组为（21．22±4．76）mmHg。随访期间,术后A组9例眼压正常,手术成功率45％;B组11例眼压正常,手术成功率73．3％;C组13例眼压正常,手术成功率57．1％。B组手术成功率最高,A组最低。结论：三种手术方法均可不同程度降低新生血管性青光眼的眼压。单纯睫状体冷凝术后眼压控制效果欠佳,有视力眼不宜采用此种手术方式;改良小梁切除术是治疗新生血管性青光眼安全、有效、经济的手术方式;引流阀植入术联合全视网膜光凝术费用较高。     

不同术式治疗新生血管性青光眼的疗效比较

目的:比较不同手术方法治疗新生血管性青光眼(neovascular glaucoma,NVG)的疗效。方法:对接受不同术式治疗的57例57只眼NVG的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中行单纯睫状体冷凝术20例(A组),改良小梁切除术15例(B组),引流阀植入术联合全视网膜光凝术22例(C组)。比较各组患者手术前后主观眼痛症状、眼压及视力变化情况,并随访3~6个月。结果:A组患者出院时的平均眼压为(28.13±4.83)mmHg,B组为(19.24±5.48)mmHg,C组为(21.22±4.76)mmHg。随访期间,术后A组9例眼压正常,手术成功率45%;B组11例眼压正常,手术成功率73.3%;C组13例眼压正常,手术成功率57.1%。B组手术成功率最高,A组最低。结论:三种手术方法均可不同程度降低新生血管性青光眼的眼压。单纯睫状体冷凝术后眼压控制效果欠佳,有视力眼不宜采用此种手术方式;改良小梁切除术是治疗新生血管性青光眼安全、有效、经济的手术方式;引流阀植入术联合全视网膜光凝术费用较高。     

甲基丙烯酸甲酯支架在治疗新生血管性青光眼的临床观察

目的探讨应用甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）巩膜瓣支架在新生血管性青光眼手术中的疗效。方法选择29例新生血管性青光眼作巩膜瓣下支架植入术.术后随访6～24个月,检查眼压、视力、滤过泡及术后并发症等。结果术后6个月均见功能性滤过泡,眼压控制良好。结论应用PMMA巩膜瓣支架在新生血管性青光眼的手术治疗中安全、有效,降眼压效果显著而持久。     

不同手术方式治疗青光眼的临床疗效比较

目的探讨单纯小梁切除术与复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床疗效。方法将2015年6月~2016年5月我院收治行手术治疗的74例青光眼患者作为研究对象,按手术方案不同分为两组,A组行单纯小梁切除术,B组行复合式小梁切除术,评价比较两组临床治疗效果。结果 B组浅前房发生率为5.40%明显低于A组的24.32%,功能性滤过泡率为91.89%明显高于A组的72.97%,眼压完全控制率为89.19%明显高于A组的64.86%,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论复合式小梁切除术治疗青光眼的临床疗效较单纯小梁切除术更为显著。     

超声乳化白内障吸除、人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗白内障合并青光眼的临床疗效及安全性评价

目的：探讨超声乳化白内障吸除、人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗白内障合并青光眼的临床疗效及安全性。方法：将100例白内障合并青光眼患者按照抽签法随机地均分为对照组与观察组,对照组给予单纯超声乳化人工晶状体植入术,观察组在此基础上给予联合小梁切除术进行治疗。比较两组治疗前后相关指标以及术后并发症发生率等。结果：（1）对照组治疗前后IOP、ACD及AL均无统计学差异,观察组治疗前后IOP与CAD差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05,P〈0．01）,但该组治疗前后AL无统计学差异;（2）两组术前与术后1周、1个月及3个月平均视野缺损值、平均模式标准差相比,差异均具有统计学意义,且观察组术后与对照组术后相比,差异均具有统计学意义;（3）对照组并发症发生率为20．00％,明显大于观察组（10．00％）。结论：超声乳化白内障吸除、人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗白内障合并青光眼,疗效显著,不良反应发生率低,值得加以推广并应用。     

超声乳化白内障吸除、人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗白内障合并青光眼的临床疗效分析

摘要目的：探讨超声乳化白内障吸除、人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗白内障合并青光眼的的临床疗效。方法：将2007年8月-2012年8月入住我院的100例经诊断为白内障合并青光眼患者随机地均分为对照组与观察组,各为50例。对照组仅给予超声乳化人工晶状体植入术,观察组在此基础上给予联合小梁切除术进行治疗,比较两组治疗前后的视力、眼压、中央房前深度、房角开放状态变化、视野及并发症发生率。结果：（1）对照组患者术后1周、1个月及3个月视力均要高于术前,且术后1个月与3个月视力较术前差异具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;观察组患者术后1周、1个月及3个月均要明显高于术前,术后视力较术前均具有显著的统计学意义（P〈0．01）,且与对照组术后相比,差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（2）两组手术前后眼压、房角开放状态变化、中央前房深度及视野差异均具有统计学意义（P〈O．05,P〈O．01）,且观察组术后较对照组术后差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。（3）对照组并发症发生率为22．00％,明显高于观察组（8．00％）,二者差异具有显著的统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论：超声乳化白内障吸除、人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗白内障合并青光眼,临床疗效显著,术后恢复快,并发症发生率低,应在临床上加以推广并应用。     

康柏西普预防严重后巩膜裂伤玻璃体切除术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的临床疗效

摘要 目的：探讨玻璃体腔注射康柏西普对于严重后巩膜裂伤患者玻璃体切除术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变发生的预防效果。方法：选取从2018年9月至2020年9月我院收治的40例（40眼）严重后巩膜裂伤患者进行研究,随机分为对照组20眼（行常规巩膜裂伤缝合术及经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除术）和观察组20眼（行巩膜裂伤缝合术及经睫状体平坦部玻璃体切除术的同时联合玻璃体腔注射康柏西普治疗）。比较两组患者术前及术后的视力、眼压,以及术后增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的发生率、视网膜再脱离的发生率。结果：对照组及观察组术后的最佳矫正视力较术前均提高、术后眼压均正常,观察组术后的增生性玻璃体视网膜病变发生率（15.0 %）明显低于对照组（45.0 %, P<0.05）,观察组术后视网膜脱离复发率（5.0 %）低于对照组（30.0 %, P>0.05）。结论：严重后巩膜裂伤患者玻璃体切除术联合玻璃体注射康柏西普治疗能够有效降低增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的发生率和术后视网膜脱离的复发率,还可以改善患者的视力预后。     

布林佐胺联合噻吗洛尔治疗开角型青光眼的临床效果观察及安全性评价

目的:探讨布林佐胺联合噻吗洛尔治疗开角型青光眼的临床效果及安全性。方法:选择2016年9月至2018年9月在我院接受治疗的150例开角型青光眼患者,采用抽签法分为观察组(n=76)和对照组(n=74)。对照组给予噻吗洛尔治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予布林佐胺治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、治疗前后眼压、视野平均光敏度、视野平均缺损、视网膜神经纤维层厚度(RNFLT)、视盘盘沿面积(NRA)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、收缩期峰值血流速度(PSV)、舒张末期血流速度(EDV)及阻力系数(RI)水平的变化及并发症的发生情况。结果:治疗后,观察组和对照组总有效率分别为96.72%,79.66%,观察组显著高于对照组(P0.05);观察组眼压、视野平均光敏度、视野平均缺损水平及RI均显著低于对照组(P0.05),PSV、EDV、BUT显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组并发症总发生率分别为3.95%、9.46%,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:布林佐胺联合噻吗洛尔用于开角型青光眼患者的效果显著,可有效改善患者眼压、视敏度,且安全性较高。     

马来酸噻吗洛尔联合拉坦前列腺素治疗高眼压型开角型青光眼的效果

目的:探讨马来酸噻吗洛尔联合拉坦前列腺素治疗高眼压型开角型青光眼的临床效果。方法:选取高眼压型开角型青光眼患者210例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各105例。对照组患者给予马来酸噻吗洛尔治疗,治疗组患者给予马来酸噻吗洛尔联合拉坦前列腺素治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后视力改善情况,眼压、视乳头杯盘比值变化情况,眼结膜充血、眼内干涩、角膜点状浸润以及一过性视觉模糊等不良反应的发生情况等。结果:治疗组患者视力改善率为85.7%,对照组为71.4%,治疗组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者眼压、视乳头杯盘比值均明显下降,且治疗组明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗组患者眼结膜充血、眼内干涩、角膜点状浸润以及一过性视觉模糊等不良反应明显低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:马来酸噻吗洛尔联合拉坦前列腺素治疗高眼压型开角型青光眼能够改善患者视力水平,值得临床推广应用。此外,我们分析其作用可能与降低视乳头杯盘比值有关。     

Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗眼外伤继发性青光眼临床疗效

目的:探讨Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗眼外伤继发性青光眼患者的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析2013年3月至2018年3月我院接诊的103例眼外伤继发性青光眼患者临床资料,根据手术方法不同分为观察组53例和对照组50例。观察组给予Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗,对照组给予小梁切除术治疗。比较两组手术疗效、治疗前后眼压、视力的变化、滤过泡、并发症的发生情况。结果:经随访显示,观察组手术完全成功率为52.83%,明显高于对照组(32.00%,P0.05);两组术后眼压较术前均降低,视力均较术前升高,组间、不同时间点比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组功能性滤过泡率为71.70%,明显高于对照组(50.00%,P0.05);两组术后浅前房、前房出血、虹膜阻塞总发生率分别为7.55%和18.00%,组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:Ahmed青光眼阀植入术治疗眼外伤继发性青光眼的疗效显著,有助于控制眼压,改善视力。     

Clinical experience with Ex-press Mini Glaucoma Shunt implantation

In this prospective study we wanted to report our experience and to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Ex-press Mini-Glaucoma Shunt implantation under a superficial scleral flap, as a newly and improved surgical technology in a treatment of POAG (Primary open-angle glaucoma) and refractory glaucoma. 44 eyes (35 patients) underwent an implantation of Ex-Press Mini Glaucoma Shunt. We had 21 patients with POAG (60%) and 14 patients with PEXG-pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (40%). The follow-up period was 8.62 + 7.48 months (range 2-22 months). Main outcome measures included postoperative IOP control, postoperative medications and early postoperative complications. The IOP was measured in the following postoperative time-points of 1 day, 1 week, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months. The mean IOP values 1 year postoperatively were reduced for 52.8% compared to preoperative values and the use of medications were reduced for 77%. We had complications like postoperative hypotony (3.5%), choroidal ablation (7%), intraocular hemorrhage (3.5%) and postoperative shunt closure (3.5%). The Ex PRESS Mini Glaucoma Shunt implanted under a superficial scleral flap is relatively safe and effective surgical procedure and provides satisfactory IOP control and medication reduction. However, device related complications remain still a problem.     

Circulating platelet aggregates and progression of visual field loss in glaucoma

The aim of the study was to assess a relationship between circulating platelet aggregates (CPA) and progression of visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma patients. CPA was determined in 27 patients with open-angle glaucoma with nonprogressive visual field loss and 15 patients with open-angle glaucoma and progression of visual field loss. Intraocular pressure (IOP) under topical therapy was < 18 mmHg in all patients. CPA in glaucoma patients with progression of visual field loss was not significantly higher than those without visual field progression (p = 0.59). In conclusion, our study shows that increased platelet aggregability is not solely responsible for progression of visual field loss in glaucoma patients, and indicates the role of IOP in the pathogenesis of visual field loss.     

Evaluation of the intraocular pressure-reducing effect of latanoprost as monotherapy in open-angle glaucoma

Objective of this study was to evaluate the intraocular pressure-reducing effect of latanoprost as monotherapy after replacing current dual therapy in glaucoma patients. The 6-months study comprised 189 patients with primary open angle glaucoma who were treated at least 6 months with two different kind of topical medications (beta-blockers, pilocarpine, dorzolamide and brimonidine). Due to local side effects, multiple dosing regime and inadequately controlled intraocular pressure (IOP), they where switched to latanoprost 0.005% monotherapy. After switched to latanoprost, mean (IOP) was measured at baseline, after 15 days, 2 and 6 months of treatment. After six-months 178 patients had completed the study. These analyses enrolled all patients (n = 189), thus, the Intention-To-Treat (ITT) results were shown instead of the results of the reduced population. IOP was clinically importantly reduced from baseline level. Five patients had uncontrolled IOP. The difference between IOP before (21.9 +/- 2.4) and after 15 days (17.4 +/- 1.7), 2 months (16.7 +/- 1.8) and 6 months (16.6 +/- 1.4) was statistically significant (p < 0.001). 90% patients has reached target IOP < or = 18 mm. A conjunctional hyperaemia in 18 (9%), stinging and itching in 7 (4%) patients was reported. Increased iris pigmentation was seen in 3 (2%) patients. The results of this study indicate that dual therapy in open-angle glaucoma can effectively be replaced by latanoprost monotherapy in many patients.     

The influence of trace elements on the therapeutic success of suprachoroidal draining devices

PurposeThe therapeutic success of minimal invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) is challenging due to many factors including fibrotic or occlusive events. Recent clinical data show sudden peaks of intraocular pressure (IOP) in the postoperative care of glaucoma patients after suprachoroidal draining stents. Yet, the reasons for the IOP peaks are speculative. As a link between trace elements and fibrosis had been previously observed in systemic disorders, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of trace elements on the therapeutic success of the suprachoroidal draining stents in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG).Material and MethodsAn analysis of a prospective single-center study was done: fifty-five eyes of patients with OAG (29 female, 26 male) underwent Cypass Micro-Stent implantation either as a stand-alone procedure or combined with cataract surgery. All patients underwent pre-operatively an ophthalmological examination which included slit lamp biomicroscopy and fundoscopy. IOP was measured by Goldmann applanation tonometry. Functional and morphometric data were assessed by Octopus G1-perimetry, which included measurement of retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (Spectralis OCT). Data of the patients’ follow-ups were recorded during 18 months post-operatively. The therapeutic success of CyPass Micro-Stent was classified as ‘success’ (IOP reduction ≥20% compared to a pre-operative baseline without any medication), ‘qualified success’ (IOP reduction ≥20 % with same or lower additional eye medication), and ‘failure’ (IOP reduction ≤20 % or additional surgical treatment necessary). Aqueous humour was extracted once during surgery for analysis of the level of 14 trace elements: Copper (Cu), Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Chromium (Cr), Iron (Fe), Lithium (Li), Magnesium (Mg), Manganese (Mn), Phosphorus (P), Lead (Pb), Titanium (Ti), Uranium (U), Vanadium (V), and Zinc (Zn). Analysis of the trace elements was done using an ELEMENT 2, ICP-sf-MS instrument (Thermo-Fisher Scientific, Bremen, Germany). Analysis of levels of trace elements was done across the patients’ groups of the three subclasses of therapeutic success. Statistical investigations for substantial differences were conducted using the method of least squares to fit general linear models and mixed models. The last one for the repeated measurements of IOP.ResultsLevels of Mg were significantly lower one month postoperatively in the success group (LS-Mean 1.30 mg/L) compared to the qualified success group (LS-Mean 1.22 mg/L; p-value = 0.04). Fe was significantly increased in the failure group (LS-Mean 2.07 µg/L) compared to the qualified success group (LS-Mean 1.64 µg/L; p-value = 0.019) after 3 months of follow-up. Additionally, Fe levels were significantly lower in the success group (LS-Mean 1.47 µg/L) compared to the failure cohort (LS-Mean 2.07 µg/L; p-value = 0.009). After a period of 18 months, significantly higher levels of Mn were observed in the success group (LS-Mean 1.24 µg/L) than in the failure group (LS Mean 0.30 µg/L, p-value = 0.019).ConclusionThe present data might suggest that trace elements can influence therapeutic success of suprachoroidal draining devices postoperatively and thus offer first hints for potential novel therapeutic options.     

Long-Term Outcomes and Prognostic Factors of Trabeculectomy following Intraocular Bevacizumab Injection for Neovascular Glaucoma

Purpose

To evaluate long-term outcomes and identify prognostic factors of trabeculectomy following intraocular bevacizumab injection for neovascular glaucoma.

Methods

Sixty-one eyes of 54 patients with neovascular glaucoma treated by trabeculectomy following intraocular bevacizumab injection were consecutively enrolled. Surgical success criteria were sufficient intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction (IOP ≤21 mmHg, ≥20% IOP reduction, no additional medications or glaucoma surgeries) without devastating complications (loss of light perception, phthisis bulbi, and endophthalmitis) or significant hypotony (IOP ≤5 mmHg continued ≥6 months and until the last follow-up visit or hypotony requiring intervention). Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression analysis were used to examine success rates and risk factors for surgical outcomes.

Results

The follow-up period after trabeculectomy was 45.0 ± 22.2 months (mean ± standard deviation). Surgical success rate was 86.9 ± 4.3% (± standard error), 74.0 ± 6.1%, and 51.3 ± 8.6% at 1, 3, and 5 years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis identified two risk factors; lower preoperative IOP (≤30 mmHg) for surgical failure and hypotony [hazard ratio (HR), 2.92, 6.64; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.22 to 7.03, 1.47 to 30.0; P = 0.018, 0.014, respectively], and vitrectomy after trabeculectomy for surgical failure with or without hypotony criteria (HR, 2.32, 4.06; 95% CI, 1.02 to 5.28, 1.30 to 12.7; P = 0.045, 0.016, respectively).

Conclusions

The long-term outcomes of trabeculectomy following intraocular bevacizumab injection for neovascular glaucoma were favorable. Lower baseline IOP was associated with development of significant hypotony, while additional vitrectomy was related to insufficient IOP reduction.     

Mutant myocilin nonsecretion in vivo is not sufficient to cause glaucoma

Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, affecting over 70 million people worldwide. Vision loss is the result of death of the retinal ganglion cells. The best-known risk factor for glaucoma is an elevated intraocular pressure (IOP); however, factors leading to IOP elevation are poorly understood. Mutations in the MYOC gene are an important cause of open-angle glaucoma. Over 70 MYOC mutations have been identified, and they lead to approximately 5% of all primary open-angle glaucoma cases. Nevertheless, the pathogenic mechanisms by which these mutations elevate IOP are presently unclear. Data suggest that a dominant interfering effect of misfolded mutant MYOC molecules may be pathogenic. To test this hypothesis, we have generated mice carrying a mutant allele of Myoc that is analogous to a human mutation that leads to aggressive glaucoma in patients. We show that mutant MYOC is not secreted into the aqueous humor. Instead of being secreted, mutant MYOC accumulates within the iridocorneal angle of the eye, consistent with the behavior of abnormally folded protein. Surprisingly, the accumulated mutant protein does not activate the unfolded protein response and lead to elevated intraocular pressure or glaucoma in aged mice of different strains. These data suggest that production, apparent misfolding, and nonsecretion of mutant MYOC are not, by themselves, sufficient to cause glaucoma in vivo.     

Selective Laser Trabeculoplasty versus Argon Laser Trabeculoplasty in Patients with Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective

To examine possible differences in clinical outcomes between selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) and argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT) in open-angle glaucoma at different times post-treatment.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing SLT versus ALT were searched through August 2013. The main outcome measure was IOP, and secondary outcomes included the number of glaucoma medications, the success rate, and adverse events.

Results

Six RCTs, involving 482 eyes treated with laser trabeculoplasty, were included in the meta-analysis. For all patients (including first and previous laser trabeculoplasy), no significant difference in IOP lowering was observed between SLT and ALT at one hour (P = 0.40), one week (P = 0.72), one month (P = 0.37), six months (P = 0.08), one year (P = 0.34), two years (P = 0.58), three years (P = 0.34), four years (P = 0.47), and five years (P = 0.50). A statistically significant difference in favor of SLT was found when comparing the IOP reduction at three months after intervention (weighted mean difference (WMD): 1.19 mmHg [0.41; 1.97]; I²=0%; P = 0.003). For patients who were naive to laser, there was no significant difference of reduction in IOP comparing SLT with ALT at any time point. In patients’ previous LT, no statistically significant difference in IOP reduction was found at six months (WMD: 1.92 mmHg [-0.91; 4.74]; I² = 77.3%; P = 0.18). There was no significant difference in the reduction in the number of glaucoma medications, the success rate, or adverse event rates between the two treatments.

Conclusions

SLT has equivalent efficacy to ALT with a similar constellation of side effects. In the case of retreatment, SLT appears to be similar to ALT in IOP lowering at six months.     

Selective laser trabeculoplasty in the treatment of pseudoexfoliation glaucoma in patients allergic to all anti-glaucoma drops

Secondary chronic open-angle glaucoma associated with pseudoexfoliation (PEX) syndrome accounts for approximately 25% of all glaucomas and represents the most common identifiable cause of glaucoma overall. Selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT) is effective in reducing intraocular pressure (IOP) in glaucomatous patients and has the advantage of preserving surrounding structures. We report here SLT treatment of a 82 year old female with a secondary developed open-angle pseudoexfoliation glaucoma allergic to all anti glaucoma eye drops especially those which contain bensalconium chloridum as preservative. Since patient was allergic also to methyl-cellulose, we performed SLT with water as a mediator. Patient had PEX syndrome for 10 years, immature cataracts on both eyes, and best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) 0.7 on the right and 0.2 on the left eye. We have monitored intraocular pressure (IOP), the changes in the visual field and optic nerve. Preoperative IOP was 28 mmHg on the right and 30 mmHg on the left eye. The follow up period was 24 months with time points for measured parameters every 3 months. After 18 months IOP remained in the normal values (average 17 mmHg) on the right eye, but on the left eye it increased up to 28 mmHg. SLT re-treatment was carried out on the left eye and the IOP stabilized again on the values between 16-18mmHg. There were no significant change in the visual field and optic nerve configuration before and after SLT (C/D value for right eye: 0.3-0.4; C/D left eye: 0.5). Based on this case report, SLT seems to be very effective treatment for maintaining regular IOP in patient with PEX who is allergic to all types of medications.