刺藓科在贵州的发现

刺藓科 ( Rhachitheciaceae)为 Robinson1 964年从木灵藓科 ( Orthotrichaceae)中分出来的 1个小科。现知全世界有 7属和 1 5种 ,除刺藓 ( Rhachithecium purpusillum)外 ,均为热带 ,亚热带分布狭窄的属种 ,刺藓科在中国仅刺藓属 1种 ,分布于云南和四川。描述了首次采自贵州刺藓科的种类刺藓 ( Rhachithecium purpusillum)以及刺藓科的形态特征。     

薄罗藓科和羽藓科某些属分类位置的探讨

利用垂直板型聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术,对羊角藓,短肋羽藓,多疣麻羽藓,皱叶牛舌藓,暗绿多枝藓,多毛藓,薄罗藓,细叶小羽藓、小粗疣藓和狭叶小羽藓１０种植物进行过氧化物酶酯酶酯,酯酶,苹果酸脱氢酶,谷草转氨酶和乳酸脱氢酶分析。结果表明将多枝藓属,牛舌藓属,羊角藓属合并独立成为牛舌藓科是合理的;小羽藓属和麻羽藓属宜归入薄罗藓科。同时表明同工酶技术和数值分类方法可用来澄清某些苔藓植物不同科、属之间的亲缘关系     

广西青藓科分类学修订

通过对采自广西24个县(市)的1 147份青藓科植物标本的逐一鉴定及相关文献的查阅,确认有广西青藓科植物11属、44种,其中包括广西青藓科植物新记录属1属,即拟异叶藓属(Pseudokindbergia),新记录种7种,分别为匐枝青藓(Brachythecium procumbens)、阔叶尖喙藓(Oxyrrhynchium latifolium)、泛生尖喙藓(O. vagans)、拟异叶藓(Pseudokindbergia dumosa)、华东细喙藓(Rhynchostegiella sinensis)、长肋拟青藓(Sciurohypnum populeum)和弯叶拟青藓(S. reflexum)。该文提供了修订后的广西青藓科植物名录,并对其中的新记录属、种的主要形态学识别特征、生境和地理分布等进行了详细描述。     

中国羽藓科植物修订

中国羽藓科植物自19世纪起即有报道,但迄今才进行首次全面校订,现知中国有17属和71种 (包括1亚种)。本文主要就其中7个属：薄羽藓属、牛舌藓属、小羽藓属、麻羽藓属、毛羽藓属、沼羽藓属及锦丝藓属中的一些种属名称作修订和新增补。文内涉及1新种、3新异名(含1属的新异名和2个种的新异名)和1新中文名。     

丝瓜藓属(Pohlia Hedw.)的系统位置及属内种间关系探讨

丝瓜藓属的系统地位及属内种间关系存在争议。本研究首次利用核糖体DNA内转录间区(ITS)序列数据对丝瓜藓属及相关科属植物进行系统发育分析。最大简约法,最大似然法及贝叶斯推论法构建的系统树均表明,ITS序列数据不支持将丝瓜藓属划归提灯藓科。丝瓜藓属植物与缺齿藓属植物构成一个单系分支。Brotherus(1903),Ochi(1959),Shaw(1984)及Hill等(2006)等学者提出的丝瓜藓属属下分类均不是单系类群。     

基于ITS和trnL-F以及rps4基因片段的 粗疣藓属分类学地位研究

选择粗疣藓属及相关属样本作为内群,油藓属样本作为外群,选取核基因ITS片段以及叶绿体基因trnL-F和rps4片段进行PCR扩增、测序,运用贝叶斯推论(BI)、最大似然法(ML)和最大简约法(MP)构建分子系统发育树,以明确粗疣藓属的分类学地位。结果表明:(1)用于分子系统分析的基因序列共有1 744个位点,其中747个位点属于核基因片段,997个位点属于叶绿体基因片段。(2)3种系统发育树拓扑结构基本一致,都显示粗疣藓属与毛锦藓科成员聚成一支,支持粗疣藓属应隶属于毛锦藓科的观点。(3)小粗疣藓和粗疣藓的种间界限模糊。(4)小鼠尾藓属的3个种与棉藓属成员聚成一支,支持将其归入棉藓科的观点。     

中国蔓藓科两新种和五新分布种

报道我国蔓藓科植物2新种：云南灰气藓Aerobryopsis yunnanensis X.J.Li et D.C.Zhang,sp.nov.芒叶灰气藓Aerobryopsis aristifolia X.J.Li,S.H.Wu et D.C.Zhang,sp.nov.以及5个新记录：波叶毛扭藓Aerobryidium crispifolium (Broth.et Geh.)Fleisch,ex Broth,膜叶灰气藓Aerobryopsis membranacea(Mitt.Broth.纤细灰气藓Aerobryopsis subleptostigmata Broth.et Par.,卷叶悬藓Barbella convolvens(Mitt.)Broth,斯氏悬藓Barbella stevensii(Ren.et Card.)Fleisch.ex Broth.     

念珠丝瓜藓(缺齿藓科)形态特征及其在中国的新分布

通过对中国产丝瓜藓属Pohlia(缺齿藓科Mielichhoferiaceae)植物系统地分类学研究,对本属一具有假根生念珠状排列的芽胞的种——念珠丝瓜藓的形态解剖学特征和地理分布进行了修订,并讨论了念珠丝瓜藓的生境,以及与其相近种泛生丝瓜藓、明齿丝瓜藓和黄丝瓜藓等进行了比较分析。根据标本信息,确定念珠丝瓜藓在中国的分布由原来的5省区扩大到10省区,并绘制了该种在中国的分布图。     

河北省芦荟藓属和盐土藓属植物初步研究

报道了河北省丛藓科典型旱生藓类芦荟藓属(Aloina Kindb.)和盐土藓属(PterygoneurumJur.)植物4种,其中盐土藓属为河北新记录属,盐土藓[Pterygoneurum subsessile(Brid.)Jur.]和刺叶芦荟藓(Aloina cornifolia Delgad.)为河北新记录种。讨论了各种的主要识别特征、生境和地理分布特点,绘制了形态结构图,并编写了河北省丛藓科芦荟藓属的分种检索表。     

基于形态学特征和分子数据的中国缺齿藓科初步研究

为探讨缺齿藓类与真藓科、提灯藓科的系统关系,理清缺齿藓科的系统位置和中国缺齿藓科分类问题,该研究以中国分布的缺齿藓科植物和相关类群4 000余份标本为材料,进行详细的形态学研究,并选用其中35种、40份样品的4个DNA片段(rps4、trnG、trnL-trnF、atpB-rbcL)联合数据用于分子系统分析,采用邻接法(NJ)和最大似然法(ML)构建分子树。结果表明:(1)在分子树中,缺齿藓类与真藓科植物分别聚在具有高支持率的不同分支上,叶形、叶细胞等形态学特征也有较大差异,缺齿藓类应从广义的真藓科分出。(2)在分子树中,虽然缺齿藓类与提灯藓科植物聚在同一分支中,但无形态学的共源性状,二者不应视为一个单系类群。(3)缺齿藓科是一个自然类群,缺齿藓科内属间存在着密切的系统关系,缺齿藓科的主要识别特征为:植物体小型,茎常分枝;叶形和叶细胞为丝瓜藓型(Pohlia-like),披针形至长椭圆形,中上部细胞狭长,线状菱形或蠕虫形;生殖苞多生于新生枝顶;蒴齿为互生双齿层,常有不同程度的退化或一层蒴齿缺失,稀双层蒴齿缺失。(4)中国缺齿藓科包含有5属,即缺齿藓属(Mielichhoferia)、丝瓜藓属(Pohlia)、拟丝瓜藓属(Pseudopohlia)、合齿藓属(Synthetodontium)和小叶藓属(Epipterygium),目前为止共计34种(含种下分类单位)。     

中国大陆的梅衣科地衣Ⅶ.缘点梅属

最近世界42位著名地衣学家和分子生物学家基于分子、形态和化学综合证据承认和接受了梅衣类属群中的27个属,影响很大。被承认和接受的27属中包括仅由4个种组成的、由梅衣属中一亚属提升为属级单位的Nipponoparmelia。作者首次将Nipponoparmelia的汉语名称称为缘点梅属。报道中国缘点梅属4种地衣,简述了每个种的表型特征(形态、化学、分布)。订正了作者以前使用的名称Parmotrema pustulatum(Elix&Bawingan)O.Blanco,A.Crespo,Divakar,Elix&Lumbsch,这个种的正确名称应是Parmotrema neopustulatum Kurok.。     

Taxonomy of the Chinese Orobanche and Its Relationships with Related Genera

The morphological characters in the genus Orobanche were evaluated from the taxonomic point of view. The author finds that the plants of this genus are relatively similar to each other in respect to characters of vegetative organs, fruits and seeds. But the differences in the floral structures can be served as a basis for delimitating infrageneric taxa. The seed coat of 18 species and pollen grains of 6 species were also examined under scanning electron microscope (SEM). They seem to have little significance for distinguishing species. The result supports G. Beck’s (1930) division of the genus Orobanche into 4 sections, of which 2 occur in China, based on the characters of the inflorescence, bracteoles and calyx. The author considers that some characters, such as anther hairy or not, upper lip of corolla entire or not, lower lip longer or shorter than the upper one, the state of corolla-tube inflec tion and the hair type of filaments and plants, are important in distinguishing Chinese species. A key to the species of Orobanche in China is given. This genus consists of about 100 species, and is mostly confined to Eurasia, with over 60 species found in Caucasus and Middle Asia of USSR, where may be the mordern distribu tional centre. Orobanche L. in China is represented by 23 species, 3 varieties and l forma. As shown in Table 1, most species (12 species) are found in Xinjiang, which clearly shows a close floristic relationship between this region and Middle Asia of USSR. 6 species are endemic to China, of which 4 are confined to the Hengduan Mountains (Yangtze-Mekong-Salwin divide). The relationships between this genus and related ones of Orobanchaceae are also discussed. The author holds the following opinions: the genus Phelypaea Desf. should be considered as a member of Orobanche L. Sect. Gymnocaulis G. Beck, the monotypic genus, Necranthus A. Gilli endemic to Turkey, is allied with Orobanche L. Sect. Orobanche, the monotypic genus, Platypholis Maxim, endemic to Bonin Is. of Japan, is far from Orobanche L. in relation and should be regarded as a separate genus. The 11 OTU’s, including all the sections of Orobanche L. and 7 genera of Orobanchaceae, and 15 morphological characters were used in the numerical taxonomic treatment to test the above-mentioned suggestions. After standardization of characters, the correlation matrices were computerized. The correlation matrices were made to test the various clustering methods. At last the UPGMA clustering method was chosen and its result is shown in a phenogram. The result of numerical analysis is basically in accordance with the suggestions.     

Systematic revision of the genus Aglyptodactylus Boulenger, 1919 (Amphibia: Ranidae), and analysis of its phylogenetic relationships to other Madagascan ranid genera (Tomopterna, Boophis, Mantidactylus, and Mantella)

Recent field studies revealed two new species of the genus Aglyptodactylus (Amphibia: Anura: Ranidae), which was hitherto considered as monotypic and confined to humid eastern Madagascar. Both new species, Aglyptodactylus laticeps sp. n. and Aglyptodactylus securifer sp. n. , occur syntopically in the deciduous dry forest of Kirindy in western Madagascar. In comparison to Aglyptodactylus madagascariensis from eastern rainforests, the new species A. laticeps shows a remarkable morphological divergence, which may be partly due to adaptations to burrowing habits in dry environments. Despite of the morphological differentiation, advertisement calls and osteology indicate that all three species of Aglyptodactylus are closely related. A phylogenetic analysis of the Madagascan ranid genera Aglyptodactylus, Mantella, Mantidactylus, Boophis , and Tomopterna (the latter including species from Madagascar, Africa, and Asia) strongly supports a sister group relationship of Aglyptodactylus with the ranine genus Tomopterna . We therefore transfer Aglyptodactylus from the Rhacophorinae to the Raninae and discuss implications of this rearrangement for ranoid systematics. The existence of the endemic genus Aglyptodactylus in Madagascar as well as its close phylogenetic relationships to Tomopterna confirm that the Raninae were already present on the Madagascan plate before its separation from Africa. The Madagascan Tomopterna labrosa shows several important differences both to Asian and to African species of the genus, and is therefore transferred from the subgenus Sphaerotheca (now restricted to Asia) to a new subgenus Laliostoma subgen. n .     

椴树属的地理分布

椴树属Tilia是椴树科一个形态特殊且唯一的北温带分布属,分布于亚洲、欧洲和北美,构成典型的北温带分布格局,三个分离的分布区之间缺乏共有种。本文对各分布区的种类进行重新评价,确认全属25种。其中东亚17种,占68％,包含了现存种类各个演化阶段的类群,是现代分布中心;欧洲-西西伯利亚6种,属于木果组及壳果组;北美2种,均为木果组成员。化石分布与现代地理分布格局基本相似,但分布纬度较现代分布偏北,达到北纬80°附近,且还出现于现今无椴树分布的亚洲大陆腹地,北美西部椴树至第三纪末完全绝迹,而东部到第四纪才有化石记录。根据现代地理分布,结合化石证据、地质历史、气候变迁及形态演化推测,椴树属可能在白垩纪晚期起源于中国东部亚热带山地,至少到始新世之前已散布至欧洲和北美西部。渐新世之后的全球降温和更新世大冰期对椴树属现代地理分布格局的形成起着至关重要的作用。     

Astringent tannins of Viburnum and Hydrangea species

The tannins of the leaves of Viburnum and Hydrangea species consist of proanthocyanidins only, but in each genus the range is very wide. In several species of Hydrangea the proanthocyanidins are of the A type, otherwise they are mostly tri- or tetrameric B type. Tannin content is correlated with evolutionary advancement, the more advanced and more widely dispersed species having the less. Species with most tannin occur in E. Asia and E. N. America, but species with little or no tannin are present in both areas. The occurrence in both genera of globose inflorescences with sterile flowers is correlated neither with morphological nor with chemical characters.     

A revision of the babbler genus Trichastoma and its allies (Aves: Timaliinae)

By means of a comparative analysis of 12 morphological and behavioural characters, the timaliine genus Trichastoma and its relatives in the tribe Pellorneini are revised to reflect new understanding of inter- and intrageneric relationships (cf. Mann et al. 1978). Trichastoma as constituted by Deignan (1964) is here subdivided into three unambiguously monophyletic genera, the Malayan Trichastoma and Malacocincla , and the African Illadopsis.
Evidence is presented indicating that the reconstituted Trichastoma should be considered the stem genus for the tribe. Reviewing the distribution of morphological and behavioural characters, the general implication is that the African forms share a recent common ancestor with those from Asia. Distributional data support the contention that the group originated in the Malayan region and colonized westward through southern Asia and Arabia to Africa (probably in early Quaternary) when humid and warm conditions fostered a continuous Afro-Asian corridor of tropical wooded habitats. The postulated greater age of the pellorneine assemblage in Malaysia, along with the region's insular geography, has fostered a larger species radiation than that in continental Africa. Recent desiccation of Arabia and central and northwestern India probably caused widespread regional extinction of linking forms and has isolated the Pellorneini into two humid forest refuges in equatorial Africa and eastern Asia.     

嵩草属植物硅酸体系统的研究

对国产狭义嵩草属 (K obresia,Cyperaceae) 3个组 2 7种植物进行了硅酸体系统分析研究 ,同时结合近缘的苔草属 (Carex) 2个组的植物硅酸体特征 ,深入探讨了植物硅酸体系统分析研究在莎草科苔草族 (Cariceae)中的系统分类学意义。认为 :(1 )嵩草属及其临近类群在属间、种间及种下水平的系统分类学比较研究都可以借助植物硅酸体系统研究的证据。 (2 )穗状嵩草组 (sect. Elyna)的硅酸体系统特征具有较高的一致性 ,除矮嵩草 (K.humilis)及其近缘种同其他穗状嵩草组的种类有所不同 ,它很可能有一个不同于穗状嵩草组其他类群的嵩草组(sect. K obresia)的亲缘。 (3 )从植物硅酸体系统特征的研究来看 ,拟苔草组 (sect. H emicarex)的一些种接近于穗状嵩草组 ,如高山嵩草 (K . pygmeae) ;而另一些种接近于嵩草组 ,如禾叶嵩草 (K . graminifolia) ;也有一些种类的硅酸体系统特征更接近苔草属 ,说明这个组很可能是多源的 ,即本组的单一花穗和果囊形态特征由不同类群的复合花序种类趋同演化而出。(4 )嵩草组的硅酸体系统特征具有较高的一致性 ,说明嵩草属原始类群在硅酸体系统特征方面与外部形态特征演化的某些相关性。     

Revision of the genus Phloeoditica Schedl - with description of two new genera and two new species in Phloeosinini (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

The genus Phloeoditica Schedl currently includes four species from Southeast Asia. These species vary substantially in important morphological characters and indicate the existence of multiple genera for these species. A revision based on morphological and in part molecular data resulted in the transfer of Phloeoditica setosa to Pseudoxylechinus the erection of a new genus Asiophilus for Phloeoditica phloeosinoides and a new species Asiophilus macropunctatus from Vietnam. Another new genus with affinities to Phloeoditica is described based on the new species Microditica uniseriata from Thailand. The new genera are included in a revised key to the tribe Phloeosinini.