RyR反义寡核苷酸对气道平滑肌细胞增殖及细胞内钙离子浓度的影响

目的:观察RyR(Ryanodme受体)反义寡核苷酸(ASODN)对大鼠ASMCs(airway smooth muscle cells,气道平滑肌细胞)增殖的抑制作用及对细胞内钙离子浓度的影响.方法:采用胶原酶消化法培养大鼠ASMCs,利用LipofectamineTM2000将正义、反义RyR寡核苷酸导入大鼠ASMCs,MTS/PES法检测不同寡核苷酸对大鼠ASMCs增殖的抑制作用,RT-PCR检测大鼠ASMCs中RyR的mRNA表达,流式细胞仪测定不同寡核苷酸对细胞内钙离子浓度的影响.结果:RyR反义寡核苷酸可抑制大鼠ASMCs的增殖,降低其RyR受体mRNA的表达,并能降低兴奋后的细胞内钙离子浓度的升高.结论:RyR反义寡核苷酸可能通过降低兴奋后的细胞内钙离子浓度来抑制大鼠ASMCs的增殖.     

滨蒿内酯对哮喘豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞RyR2 mRNA表达影响

研究哮喘豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞Ryanodine受体亚型的变化及滨蒿内酯对其的影响。将动物分为3组:正常组、哮喘组和滨蒿内酯组,采用卵蛋白致敏复制豚鼠哮喘模型,滨蒿内酯组雾化吸入滨蒿内酯。应用RT-PCR鉴定豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞(TSMC)中RyR亚型分布并观察各组豚鼠气管平滑肌细胞RyR2 mRNA表达的变化。豚鼠TSMC表达RyR2和RyR3两个亚型;哮喘时豚鼠TSMC中RyR2 mRNA表达量(以RyR2区带与-βactin区带的密度百分比表示)为47.15%±15.30%,明显低于对照组(77.12%±6.16%)(P<0.01);滨蒿内酯组豚鼠TSMC中RyR2 mRNA量为63.77%±9.09%,较哮喘组增强(P<0.05)。豚鼠TSMC表达RyR2和RyR3两个亚型;哮喘时TSMC RyR2 mRNA表达下调;滨蒿内酯可使哮喘豚鼠TSMC RyR2表达水平得以恢复。     

TNF—α对哮喘模型大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖及ERK1／2活性的影响

目的探讨TNF—α对哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞（ASMCs）增殖及对ASMCs上ERK1／2mRNA、p-ERK1／2表达水平的影响。方法通过对哮喘模型大鼠ASMCs培养,分别以0．2μg／L、1．0μg/L、20μg/L TNF-α干预ASMCs生长。采用流式细胞仪、MTT法检测ASMCs增殖情况,观察不同浓度TNF—α对ASMCs增殖的影响。RT-PCR检测ASMCs上ERK1／2mRNA表达,免疫细胞化学染色法检测磷酸化ERK1／2蛋白的表达及定位。结果哮喘组ASMCsS期比例、A值、ERK1／2mRNA、p-ERK1／2蛋白的表达量分别为（34．45±2．08）％、（0．550±0．010）、（0．995±0．118）、（130．77±4．16）,与对照组（11．17±0．96）％、（0．292±0．008）、（0．576±0．098）、（163．82±1．38）比较均显著增高（均P〈0．01）。各TNF—α干预组ASMCs的S期比例、A值、ERK1／2mRNA和p-ERK1／2蛋白表达量与哮喘组比较均显著降低（均P〈0．01）,0．2μg/L和1．0μg／LTN-α组p-ERK1／2蛋白表达量高于对照组（P〈0．01）,20μg／L TNF-α组p-ERK1／2蛋白表达量与对照组比较无差异（P〉0．05）。结论与正常鼠相比,慢性哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖明显,处于S期的细胞比例明显增高。经TNF—α干预后,慢性哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞处于S期的细胞比例减少,增殖减弱,TNF-α可能抑制慢性哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖。TNF—α可下调慢性哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞上ERK1／2mRNA及p-ERK1／2表达,TNF-α可能通过抑制ERK信号转导通道的活性对气道平滑肌细胞的增殖进行调控。     

TOLL样受体4在哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖、凋亡中的作用

目的:探讨Toll样受体4(TLR4)在哮喘状态下气道平滑肌细胞(ASMCs)增殖、凋亡中的作用.方法:建立哮喘大鼠模型,分离、培养哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞,应用小分子RNA干扰技术、脂质体转染法进行小分子RNA-TLR4的转染、MTT,法检测细胞增殖、TUNNEL法检测细胞凋亡情况、逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)...     

细胞外信号调节激酶活化在慢性支气管哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖中的作用

本文旨在探讨细胞外信号调节激酶（extracellular signal-regulated kinase,ERK）在慢性支气管哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞（airway smooth muscle cells,ASMCs）增殖中的作用。建立慢性哮喘大鼠模型,用ERK激动剂表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor,EGF）和抑制剂PD98059干预慢性哮喘大鼠ASMCs的培养。采用流式细胞仪、四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法、^3H-thymidine（TdR）掺入法和增殖细胞核抗原（proliferating cell nuclear antigen,PCNA）免疫组织化学法检测ASMCs增殖情况,观察ERK信号通路对ASMCs增殖的影响。RT-PCR和Western blot检测ERK mRNA和ERK1／2、磷酸化ERK1／2（p-ERK1／2）蛋白的表达。与正常对照组ASMCs比较,慢性哮喘组ASMCs的G0/G1期细胞所占比例明显减少,S＋G2／M期细胞所占比例增高;吸光度（A490）值、细胞DNA合成量和PCNA阳性表达量均明显增加,ERK mRNA、ERK1／2蛋白、P-ERK1／2蛋白的表达量以及ERK活化率显著增高。经PD98059干预之后,慢性哮喘组ASMCs的S＋G2／M期细胞所占比例、A490值、细胞DNA合成量和PCNA阳性表达量明显降低,ERK mRNA、ERK1／2蛋白、p-ERK1／2蛋白的表达量以及ERK活化率显著降低。经EGF干预后,慢性哮喘组ASMCs的S＋G2／M期细胞所占比例、A490值、细胞DNA合成量和PCNA阳性表达量进一步增高,而这一作用可以被PD98059抑制。以上结果提示,慢性哮喘大鼠ASMCs内源性增殖活性增加,ERK1／2参与其增殖活性的调控,ERK信号通路在哮喘气道重建的ASMCs增殖调控中具有重要作用。     

ERK活化对哮喘大鼠气道重塑及CyclinD1表达的影响

目的探讨细胞外信号调节蛋白激酶（ERK）对哮喘大鼠气道重塑及CyclinD1表达的作用。方法原代培养大鼠的平滑肌细胞（ASMCs）,给予ERK激动剂表皮生长因子EGF和抑制剂PD98059干预ASMCs生长,依处理方式不同分为5组：（1）正常对照组（2）哮喘对照组;（3）E组：EGF20 ng/mL;（4）P＋E组,PD98059 10μmol/L1 h后添加EGF 20 ng/mL;（5）PD组,PD98059 10μmol/L。采用四甲基偶氮唑盐（MTT）法检测气道平滑肌细胞（ASMCs）增殖能力,流式细胞术（FCM）测定细胞周期和cyclinD1的蛋白含量,RT-PCR方法检测cyclinD1mRNA表达水平。结果（1）与哮喘对照组比较,E组ASMCs S＋G2/M期比例、吸光度A值、cyclinD1蛋白阳性表达率和cyclinD1 mRNA的A值均显著升高,PD组均显著降低（P〈0.05）。P＋E组与哮喘对照在此4项指标上比较无明显差异。（2）哮喘（对照组、E组、PD组和P＋E组）组与正常对照组,其S＋G2/M期比例、吸光度A值、cyclinD1蛋白和cyclinD1 mRNA的表达均显著增高（P〈0.05）。结论ERK活性促进哮喘大鼠ASMCs的增殖,增加cyclinD1在哮喘平滑肌细胞中的表达,导致气道重塑的形成,提示ERK可能对CyclinD1的表达具有调节作用。     

IL-19对哮喘模型大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨IL-19对哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞（ASMCs）增殖的作用。方法通过对大鼠进行雾化卵清蛋白,制备哮喘模型大鼠。提取哮喘大鼠ASMCs进行培养,分别以1μg/L、10μg/L、100μg/L IL-19干预ASMCs生长。采用流式细胞仪、MTT法检测ASMCs增殖情况,观察不同浓度IL-19对ASMCs增殖的影响。结果与正常鼠相比,慢性哮喘大鼠ASMCs增殖明显,处于S期的细胞比例明显增高。经10μg/L、100μg/L IL-19干预后,慢性哮喘大鼠ASMCs处于S期的细胞比例减少,增殖亦减弱。且两组间比较有明显差异。而经1μg/L IL-19干预后,慢性哮喘大鼠ASMCs处于S期的细胞比例及增殖均无明显变化。结论一定浓度的IL-19可能抑制慢性哮喘大鼠ASMCs的增殖。     

VEGF与其受体2在哮喘大鼠气道中表达变化及其对气道平滑肌细胞增殖的影响

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体2(Flk-1)在哮喘大鼠气道中表达变化及其对气道平滑肌细胞增殖的影响.方法 SD大鼠18只,随机分为对照组,哮喘模型组和地塞米松干预组各6只.以腹腔注射1%卵蛋白致敏和2%卵蛋白雾化吸入激发复制哮喘模型,干预组在每次激发前给予地塞米松干预.用免疫组织化学技术检测气道平滑肌α-actin以及VEGF和Flk-1蛋白质在不同组大鼠肺组织的表达程度;用RT-PCR方法检测VEGF和Flk-1mRNA在不同组大鼠肺组织的表达程度;采用HMIAS-2000型高清晰度彩色医学图文分析系统进行图像分析.结果 (1)哮喘模型组气道壁平滑肌厚度较对照组和干预组显著增加(P<0.05).(2)哮喘模型组VEGF及Flk-1蛋白质在大鼠肺组织中的表达较对照组和干预组显著增加(P<0.05).(3)哮喘模型组VEGF144,VEGF188 mRNA和VEGF205 mRNA在大鼠肺组织中的表达较对照组和干预组显著增加(P<0.05或P<0.01).哮喘模型组Flk-1mRNA在大鼠肺组织中的表达较对照组和干预组显著增加(P<0.05).直线相关性分析显示,气道壁平滑肌厚度与大鼠肺组织中VEGF205,188,144及Flk-1mRNA表达水平呈正相关(r分别为0.739,0.747,0.744,0.682;P<0.05);气道壁平滑肌厚度与大鼠肺组织中VEGF及Flk-1蛋白质表达水平也呈正相关(r分别为0.693,0.672;P<0.05).结论哮喘模型大鼠肺组织中VEGF及其受体Flk-1表达上调,并与气道平滑肌增殖有密切关系.该结果提示VEGF及其受体2可能参与了哮喘气道重建中气道平滑肌增殖的过程.     

血管内皮生长因子及其受体2与哮喘模型大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖关系的研究

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及其受体2(Flk-1)在哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞(ASMC)中表达变化及其对ASMC增殖的影响。方法 SD大鼠18只,随机分为对照组,哮喘模型组和地塞米松干预组各6只,并培养各组气道平滑肌细胞。用免疫组织化学技术检测ASMC增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)的表达;用RT-PCR及Western blot方法分别检测VEGF和Flk-1mRNA及蛋白质在不同组大鼠ASMC的表达程度。结果(1)哮喘模型组ASMC PCNA表达较对照组和干预组显著增加(P0.05)。(2)哮喘模型组ASMC VEGF164,VEGF188mRNA和VEGF205mRNA的表达较对照组和干预组显著增加(P0.05或P0.01)。(3)哮喘模型组ASMC VEGF及Flk-1蛋白质在大鼠ASMC中的表达较对照组和干预组显著增加(P0.05)。直线相关性分析显示,大鼠ASMC PCNA表达与大鼠ASMC中VEGF205,188,164及Flk-1mRNA表达水平呈正相关(r分别为0.79,0.86,0.83,0.68;P0.05);大鼠ASMC PCNA表达与大鼠ASMC中VEGF及Flk-1蛋白质表达水平也呈正相关(r分别为0.80,0.77;P0.05)。结果 哮喘模型大鼠ASMC中VEGF及其受体Flk-1表达上调,并与气道平滑肌细胞增殖有密切关系。该结果提示VEGF及其受体2可能参与了哮喘气道重建中气道平滑肌细胞增殖的过程。     

TGF-β_1对不同阶段哮喘模型大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖的作用

目的探讨TGF-β1对不同阶段哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞（ASMCs）增殖的作用。方法建立2周、6周哮喘大鼠模型,分别以1μg/L、10μg/L和100μg/LTGF-β1干预ASMCs生长。采用流式细胞仪、MTT法检测ASMCs增殖情况,观察不同浓度TGF-β1对ASMCs增殖的影响。结果 2周和6周哮喘组ASMCs的S期比例、A值分别为（34.31±1.41）%、（35.96±3.46）%;（0.546±0.005）、（0.559±0.009）与对照组（12.24±2.64）%、（0.289±0.009）比较均显著增高（均P〈0.01）。2周、6周哮喘模型组的各TGF-β1干预组ASMCs的S期比例、A值与各自哮喘组比较均显著升高（均P〈0.01）,10μg/L和100μg/LTGF-β1组比1μg/LTGF-β1组对ASMCs增殖作用明显增加（P〈0.01）,10μg/LTGF-β1组和100μg/LTGF-β1组相比,ASMCs增殖细胞占细胞总数的百分比无明显变化,两种浓度增殖作用无有明显差别（P〉0.05）。而2周和6周哮喘组相比,加入不同浓度TGF-β1干预后的差别不大（P〉0.05）。结论与正常鼠相比,2周和6周哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖明显,处于S期的细胞比例明显增高,6周哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌较2周哮喘大鼠增殖更明显。经TGF-β1干预后,2周和6周哮喘哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞处于S期的细胞比例增加,增殖增强,提示TGF-β1可能在哮喘早期阶段即可促进大鼠气道平滑肌细胞增殖,并促进各阶段哮喘大鼠气道平滑肌细胞持续增殖。     

Ryanodine receptors in muscarinic receptor-mediated bronchoconstriction

Ryanodine receptors (RyRs), intracellular calcium release channels essential for skeletal and cardiac muscle contraction, are also expressed in various types of smooth muscle cells. In particular, recent studies have suggested that in airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) provoked by spasmogens, stored calcium release by the cardiac isoform of RyR (RyR2) contributes to the calcium response that leads to airway constriction (bronchoconstriction). Here we report that mouse ASMCs also express the skeletal muscle and brain isoforms of RyRs (RyR1 and RyR3, respectively). In these cells, RyR1 is localized to the periphery near the cell membrane, whereas RyR3 is more centrally localized. Moreover, RyR1 and/or RyR3 in mouse airway smooth muscle also appear to mediate bronchoconstriction caused by the muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol. Inhibiting all RyR isoforms with > or = 200 microM ryanodine attenuated the graded carbachol-induced contractile responses of mouse bronchial rings and calcium responses of ASMCs throughout the range of carbachol used (50 nM to > or = 3 microM). In contrast, inhibiting only RyR1 and RyR3 with 25 microM dantrolene attenuated these responses caused by high (>500 nM) but not by low concentrations of carbachol. These data suggest that, as the stimulation of muscarinic receptor in the airway smooth muscle increases, RyR1 and/or RyR3 also mediate the calcium response and thus bronchoconstriction. Our findings provide new insights into the complex calcium signaling in ASMCs and suggest that RyRs are potential therapeutic targets in bronchospastic disorders such as asthma.     

TLR4在气道上皮细胞诱导的哮喘气道平滑肌细胞迁移中的作用

目的:探讨Toll样受体4(TLR4)的激活在气道上皮细胞诱导的哮喘气道平滑肌细胞(ASMCs)迁移中的作用。方法:细胞消化法培养原代哮喘ASMCs,TNF-α刺激上皮细胞系RTE细胞收集细胞培养上清液,检测上清液中IL-8和RANTES的含量,改良Boyden趋化小室检测哮喘ASMCs的跨膜迁移,以TLR4抗体作为工具药,观察其在上皮细胞诱导的哮喘ASMCs跨膜迁移中的作用。结果:各TNF-α组培养上清液中IL-8和RANTES水平均显著增高,20 ng/ml组较其他组显著增高(P<0.01)。各组哮喘ASMCs跨膜迁移较正常组均增加(P<0.01);哮喘组和TNF-α+TLR4抗体组哮喘ASMCs跨膜迁移数较TNF-α组显著减少(P<0.01)。TLR4抗体组哮喘ASMCs跨膜迁移数较哮喘组增加(P<0.05)。结论:气道上皮细胞可能通过分泌细胞因子激活哮喘ASMCs表面的TLR4,诱导增强ASMCs的跨膜迁移,在哮喘的气道重构中发挥一定的作用。     

Release of biologically active TGF-beta from airway smooth muscle cells induces autocrine synthesis of collagen

In severe or chronic asthma, there is an increase in airway smooth muscle cell (ASMC) mass as well as an increase in connective tissue proteins in the smooth muscle layer of airways. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) exists in three isoforms in mammals and is a potent regulator of connective tissue protein synthesis. Using immunohistochemistry, we had previously demonstrated that ASMCs contain large quantities of TGF-beta1-3. In this study, we demonstrate that bovine ASMC-derived TGF-beta associates with the TGF-beta latency binding protein-1 (LTBP-1) expressed by the same cells. The TGF-beta associated with LTBP-1 localizes TGF-beta extracellularly. Furthermore, plasmin, a serine protease, regulates the secretion of a biologically active form of TGF-beta by ASMCs as well as the release of extracellular TGF-beta. The biologically active TGF-beta released by plasmin induces ASMCs to synthesize collagen I in an autocrine manner. The autocrine induction of collagen expression by ASMCs may contribute to the irreversible fibrosis and remodeling seen in the airways of some asthmatics.     

Urotensin upregulates transforming growth factor-β1 expression of asthma airway through ERK-dependent pathway

Airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) play a key role in the process of asthma airway remodeling. Urotensin II (UII) and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β are potent mitogens for ASMCs proliferation. The study was aimed to determine whether UII-upregulated TGF-β-mediated ASMCs proliferation and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) was required for such an effect. OVA-sensitized rats were challenged to induce asthma. Lung morphology and airway dynamic parameters were monitored. ASMCs from control and asthma rats were purified for the measurement of UII and TGF-β1 expression. In vitro experiments were conducted to determine the direct effect of UII on TGF-β1 expression by ASMCs. Finally, U0126, an ERK inhibitor was used to examine the role of ERK pathway in UII mediated TGF-β1 upregulation. We found that both UII and TGF-β1 were upregulated in asthma lung tissues. In vitro study on ASMCs further revealed that UII may render its effect on ASMCs cells through the upregulation of TGF-β1. Data also supported the conclusion that ERK pathway was required, but not sufficient in UII-induced TGF-β1 upregulation. The current study provides new evidence that UII is involved in the TGF-β mediated mitogenic effect on ASMCs. UII, at least partially, uses ERK pathway to render such effect.