63份谷子种质的耐盐综合评价及耐盐品种筛选

谷子是我国北方重要的粮食作物,具有较强的耐盐抗旱能力。盐碱地是我国重要的后备耕地资源,加强谷子种质耐盐评价,筛选耐盐碱的谷子品种对促进盐碱地资源利用、保障国家粮食安全具有非常重要的作用。本试验以63份谷子种质资源为研究对象,以1.0%质量浓度NaCl溶液进行盐胁迫,用蒸馏水作为对照,采用全营养培养基发芽法在人工气候培养箱(昼/夜,30℃/20℃,光周期14 h/d)中进行谷子种质萌发期的耐盐性鉴定;利用相关性分析和主成分分析明确8项耐盐指标在耐盐性评价中的权重;通过模糊数学中的隶属函数法和聚类分析法对63份谷子种质的耐盐性进行综合评价和耐盐等级划分。结果表明:谷子种质资源的耐盐性存在广泛的变异;1.0%质量浓度的盐胁迫下,谷子的发芽率、发芽指数、根长、芽长、相对芽长、相对根长之间互成极显著正相关关系,而与相对盐害率呈极显著负相关;主成分分析结果表明,发芽率、发芽指数、相对芽长、相对根长可作为谷子耐盐性评价的关键指标;通过聚类分析可将63份谷子种质分为极端耐盐种质、耐盐种质、盐敏感种质和极端盐敏感种质4类;基于模糊数学中的隶属函数得分进行综合评价,筛选获得了济谷16、汾特11号、峰红谷、晋谷57、晋汾106号等5份耐盐谷子品种。     

番茄品种资源芽苗期和幼苗期的耐盐性及耐盐指标评价

对芽苗期和幼苗期番茄耐盐鉴定指标进行检验,明确番茄芽苗期和幼苗期耐盐性的相关性,筛选耐盐的番茄品种资源,以便为耐盐育种和栽培提供材料和方法.试验采用不同浓度的NaCl水溶液人工模拟盐胁迫,以多项指标盐害系数隶属函数值和总隶属函数值为依据,比较了20个番茄品种资源芽苗期和幼苗期的耐盐性及两个时期耐盐性的相关性,并利用单一指标盐害系数隶属函数值和总隶属函数值进行了聚类分类.结果表明:芽苗期和幼苗期番茄耐盐性有所不同,耐盐和中等耐盐材料相同率为53.85%.进行番茄耐盐性筛选时可以把发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数、萌发活力指数、下胚轴长、地上鲜重作为芽苗期耐盐鉴定指标,把地上部鲜重、根鲜重、地上部干重、根干重、壮苗指数、根/冠比作为幼苗期耐盐鉴定指标.     

苜蓿和扁蓿豆萌发期耐盐指标筛选及耐盐性综合评价

为探究苜蓿(Medicago sativa L.)和扁蓿豆(Medicago ruthenica(L.)Trautv.)种子萌发期的耐盐性强弱,采用复盐溶液模拟盐胁迫的方法,研究了不同浓度梯度(0.3%、0.6%、0.9%、1.2%、1.5%)盐胁迫对5份野生苜蓿和5份野生扁蓿豆种子萌发的影响。测定了发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、苗长、幼苗干重,利用方差分析、相关分析、主成分分析、隶属函数分析和灰色关联分析进行了耐盐性综合评价。结果表明相同指标不同浓度盐溶液和不同材料之间多存在显著差异,各指标之间存在不同程度的相关关系。各指标中与耐盐强弱最相关的指标为幼苗干重,其关联度为0.752,其次为发芽率,关联度为0.745。供试10份材料中来源于中国内蒙古通辽市大青沟自然保护区的扁蓿豆和中国内蒙古呼和浩特武川县的扁蓿豆耐盐性较强,其综合耐盐D值和关联度均较高,分别为0.807、0.699和0.793、0.716。总体比较供试苜蓿和扁蓿豆材料,扁蓿豆萌发期耐盐性较强。     

小麦种质芽期和苗期的耐盐性鉴定评价

【目的】研究不同来源小麦种质资源的耐盐性差异,筛选耐盐性较好的品种（系）,探索不同生育期小麦耐盐性鉴定的适合盐浓度,为小麦耐盐鉴定及耐盐小麦品种选育提供参考。【方法】对来源不同的293份小麦种质,在1.5%NaCl盐溶液下进行盐胁迫处理,调查各种质的芽期相对盐害指数;选择芽期相对耐盐指数小于40%的24份小麦资源,在苗期进行不同盐浓度胁迫鉴定,测量不同处理的根长及苗高相对生长率。【结果】筛选出16份芽期相对盐害指数小于20%的高耐盐种质和42份芽期相对盐害指数20-40%耐盐的小麦种质;苗期鉴定表明1.0% NaCl盐浓度为合适的筛选浓度、根长相对生长率为适合的苗期耐盐性鉴定指标,以此为鉴定技术筛选出了Marmin-Minhardi譎44-Minturki和花树蒲两份芽期及苗期均表现耐盐的优异小麦种质;【结论】来源不同的小麦资源中芽期综合耐盐性大小依次为地方品种>国外引进品种>中间试验品系;Marmin-Minhardi譎44-Minturki和花树蒲两份耐盐小麦种质可作为小麦耐盐育种新种质。     

人工海水胁迫下芦笋品种耐盐性评价的多元统计分析

利用浓度为25%的人工配制海水对25个芦笋品种进行了芽期和苗期的胁迫处理,调查发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、胚根长、株高、茎数、茎粗、根鲜质量、根干质量以及根体积等10个农艺性状,以各性状耐盐系数作为衡量耐盐性的指标,利用多元统计分析方法对芦笋品种的耐盐性进行了综合评价。结果表明,调查的10个性状指标在品种间差异显著,因子分析将其集约于3个主因子上,即种子活力因子、根部因子和生长因子,主因子累计贡献率达82.2%。基于品种因子得分值进行聚类分析,25个芦笋品种可分为4类,即耐盐品种、较耐盐品种、中度耐盐品种和盐敏感品种。本研究建立的人工海水胁迫处理鉴定芦笋品种耐盐性的综合评价方法,可为芦笋材料耐盐性鉴定和耐盐育种提供理论参考。     

扁蓿豆和苜蓿种子萌发期抗旱性和耐盐性比较

为明晰扁蓿豆[Medicago ruthenica(Linn.)Trautv.]和苜蓿(Medicago varia Martin.)种子萌发期的抗旱性和耐盐性强弱,以不同浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)和Na Cl溶液模拟干旱和盐胁迫,研究了不同程度干旱和盐浓度对采自甘肃景泰的扁蓿豆和苜蓿品种阿尔冈金(M.varia Martin.cv."Algonquin")种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,干旱胁迫和盐胁迫降低了扁蓿豆和苜蓿种子的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,抑制了胚芽和胚根的生长。-0.3~-0.9 MPa和-1.5 MPa的PEG处理下苜蓿和扁蓿豆种子的相对发芽率间无显著差异,-1.2 MPa的PEG胁迫下苜蓿种子的相对发芽率显著高于扁蓿豆。-0.3~-1.2MPa的PEG胁迫下苜蓿种子的相对发芽指数均显著高于扁蓿豆,其相对芽长无显著差异。Na Cl渗透势为-0.9~-1.5 MPa时,苜蓿种子的相对发芽率显著高于扁蓿豆;-0.3~-1.2 MPa的Na Cl胁迫下苜蓿种子的相对发芽指数和相对活力指数均显著高于扁蓿豆。通过种子萌发期的相对发芽率、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数、相对胚根长和相对胚芽长5项指标,应用隶属函数法对参试材料种子萌发期抗旱性和耐盐性进行综合评价的结果表明,苜蓿品种阿尔冈金种子萌发期的抗旱性、耐盐性均强于来自景泰的扁蓿豆。此结果和人们以往对扁蓿豆和苜蓿的认识"扁蓿豆的抗旱性和耐盐性优于苜蓿"不一致。     

普通菜豆种质资源芽期抗旱性鉴定

摘要：干旱是影响我国普通菜豆生产的主要因素之一,筛选芽期抗旱性种质资源,培育抗旱品种,有利于提高普通菜豆品种的出苗率和幼苗长势,对发展我国普通菜豆生产具有重要意义。本研究首先以4份普通菜豆种质为材料,检测了不同渗透势PEG6000溶液模拟旱胁迫下的发芽率和发芽势,确定了PEG6000溶液的最适渗透势为-0.7MPa（浓度为19.6%）;以-0.7MPa的PEG6000溶液对121份普通菜豆种质进行芽期模拟旱胁迫,测定发芽率、发芽势、下胚轴长、胚根长、干重和鲜重等10项指标;通过主成分分析筛选出相对发芽率、相对发芽势、相对鲜重、相对干重、相对胚根长,相对总芽长,相对胚根/下胚轴指数、相对发芽指数、相对活力指数等9项指标可以有效评价普通菜豆的芽期抗旱性;利用隶属函数分析法对121份种质的芽期抗旱性进行综合评价,筛选出跃进豆（F0000156）、白扁豆（F0000613）等芽期抗旱性种质,为普通菜豆抗旱生理与机制研究、抗旱育种奠定了基础。     

花生萌发期耐盐性综合评价及耐盐种质筛选

为了解江苏花生种质资源的耐盐性,挖掘耐盐种质资源,本试验对47份花生种质材料进行耐盐性综合评价,以发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数、发芽率、鲜重、相对含水量、干重的相对值为鉴定指标,采用主成分分析、隶属函数法以及聚类分析方法,对其进行萌发期耐盐性综合评价及耐盐种质筛选。结果表明,花生种质材料萌发期的耐盐性强弱判定结果受多个指标影响,相对含水量和鲜重可以作为花生种质萌发期耐盐性的最佳鉴定指标,5 g/L Na Cl溶液可以作为花生萌发期耐盐性鉴定的合适浓度,47份花生材料划为5个耐盐级别,筛选出JP42、JP29、JP23、JP43、JP35、JP4等6份耐盐性强的种质,JP27和JP98为高度敏感材料,隶属函数法结合耐盐分级可以作为一种简便快速鉴定花生萌发期耐盐性的方法。     

海滨锦葵萌发期和苗期盐胁迫反应及耐盐性鉴定指标筛选

选用海滨锦葵自然群体为研究材料,以Na Cl溶液为盐胁迫,研究海滨锦葵在不同浓度盐胁迫下萌发期和幼苗期生长状况的变化,并筛选萌发期和幼苗期耐盐鉴定指标。结果表明,Na Cl胁迫下海滨锦葵种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、下胚轴长、胚根长、鲜重、活力指数及幼苗株高均降低,并且各指标的盐害系数随着盐胁迫浓度的升高而升高。较低Na Cl浓度(0.5%~1.5%)胁迫下的幼苗地上干重和地上鲜重高于未用Na Cl胁迫的幼苗,2.0%和2.5%浓度的Na Cl胁迫抑制了地上干重和地上鲜重。1.0%和2.0%的Na Cl浓度分别是萌发期和幼苗期鉴定海滨锦葵耐盐性的适宜浓度,发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、下胚轴长、根长、鲜重以及活力指数可以作为萌发期耐盐性的鉴定指标,株高、地上鲜重和地上干重可以作为幼苗期耐盐性的鉴定指标。     

设施黄瓜新育成品种资源芽期耐盐性评价

用100 mmol/L Mg(NO3)2盐溶液对不同生态类型的143个设施黄瓜新品种进行4天芽期胁迫处理,调查各种质的发芽势、发芽指数、相对伤害率、发芽率、相对发芽率、第2天和第4天胚根伸长长度、后2天胚根伸长速度等8个指标,利用各指标隶属函数值对其耐盐性进行聚类分析,并对耐盐强的种质进行恢复出苗初步筛选。研究结果表明,黄瓜萌发期的耐盐性强弱评价结果受多个指标的影响。8个发芽指标的变异系数为10.5%-81.0%,除了发芽率和相对发芽率的变异较小外,其他性状的变异幅度均较大（32.0-81.0%）;各性状指标变异系数在不同生态类型种质中表现不同,华北型和欧洲温室型种质以盐害指数变异系数为最大,华南型和欧美加工型种质以后2天胚根伸长速度变异系数最大。从种质总体抗盐结果看,欧美加工型和欧洲温室型>华南型>华北型。各指标隶属函数值聚类分析结果表明,将所有种质划为耐盐强、中、弱3类,其中耐盐强的品种共有54个,占37.8%。54个耐盐品种胁迫后经出苗试验初步筛选出12个恢复能力强的品种,即：J31-1＞绿精灵＞DRT5＞YT24＞东农02号＞上海农科4号＞冬灵102＞IVF8＞津优35＞HGS-2＞扬大13＞J30-1。     

Influence of method of presentation on results of plant-host preference tests with two species of grasshopper

Leaf material of two Piper spp. (Piperaceae) was presented to two different generalist herbivores (Orthoptera: Acrididae) to determine whether method of leaf presentation in preference trials affects choice. For the grasshopper Leptomerinthoprora brevipennis, the method of presentation had no effect on preference ranking: more of Piper sancti-felicis was eaten than of P. arieianum, regardless of whether leaf material was presented as leaf disks, whole leaves supplemented with water, or whole leaves without water. In contrast, preference of the grasshopper Abracis flavolineata depended on presentation method. In that case, whole leaves of P. scancti-felicis supplemented with water were preferred over the same of P. arieianum, while dry weight consumption of leaf disks of P. arieianum was greater than that for disks of P. sancti-felicis. When presented with leaves not supplemented with water, A. flavolineata showed no significant preference for one plant species over another.

---

Résumé Des feuilles provenant de deux espèces de Piper (Piperacae) ont été proposées à deux Orthoptères, Acrididae, herbivores généralistes, pour déterminer si la méthode de présentation des feuilles modifiait le choix. Pour Leptomerinthoprora brevipennis, la méthode de présentation est sans influence sur l'ordre de préférence; la consommation de Piper sancti-felicis est toujours supérieure à celle de P. arieianum, quelque soit le mode de présentation: disques de feuilles, feuilles entières humidifiées, ou feuilles entières sans addition d'eau. A l'opposé, l'ordre de préférence de Abracis flavolineata dépend du type de présentation; les feuilles entières humidifiées de P. sancti-felicis sont préférées à celles de P. arieianum proposées de la même façon, tandis que la consommation de disques secs de P. arieianum est plus importante que celle des disques secs de P. sancti-felicis. En présence de feuilles entières humidifiées, A. flavolineata ne manifeste aucune préférence.

     

Diversity of the Carbohydrate Composition of the Antigenic Polysaccharides of Proteobacteria of the Genera Pseudoalteromonasand Marinomonas

The sugar analysis of the glycans of the type strains of marine proteobacteria of the genera Pseudoalteromonasand Marinomonas—Pseudoalteromonas atlanticaIAM12927^T, P. aurantiaNCIMB 2033^T, P. citreaATCC 29719^T, P. elyakoviiKMM 162^T, P. espejianaATCC 29659^T, P. piscicidaNCIMB 645^T, P. tetraodonisIAM 14160^T, Marinomonas communisATCC 27118^T, and M. vagaATCC 27119^T—showed that they contain glucose, galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, fucose, rhamnose, mannose, heptose, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate (KDO), uronic acids, colitose (3,6-dideoxy-L-xylo-hexose), and 6-deoxy-L-talose. The carbohydrate composition of the antigenic polysaccharides (PSs) of P. elyakoviiKMM 162^Tand P. espejianaATCC 29659^Tdepended on the type and the concentration of carbohydrate substrates in the nutrient media. The molar proportion between rhamnose, glucose, and galactose (ca. 1 : 0.3 : 2) in the PS of P. elyakoviiKMM 162^Twas almost the same in the media lacking carbohydrates or containing glucose or galactose at a concentration of 1 g/l. At the same time, the molar proportion between fucose, glucose, galactose, galactosamine, and glucosamine (ca. 1 : 1 : 1 : 2 : 0.5) in the PS of P. espejianaATCC 29659^Tdepended on the presence and the concentration of carbohydrate substrates in the medium. A high concentration of glucose in the medium (30 g/l) brought about a rise in the content of glucose in PSs (9-fold for the PS of P. elyakoviiKMM 162^Tand 4.6-fold for the PS of P. espejianaATCC 29659^T) and led to a decrease in the content of other carbohydrates. The cultivation of these two strains at a lactose concentration of 30 g/l resulted in their PSs containing glucose and galactose in about equal proportions (ca. 1 : 1 in the case of P. espejianaATCC 29659^Tand ca. 2.1 : 1.7 in the case of P. elyakoviiKMM 162^T).     

Comparison of the profiles of non-glycosylated triterpenoids from leaves of plants of selected species of genus Dioscorea

Remarkable qualitative and quantitative differences in non-glycosylated triterpenoid profiles of twelve Dioscorea spp. leaves were demonstrated with the use of GC–MS/FID analysis. The total content of tetracyclic triterpenoids and their esters ranged from 397 μg/g of dry leaf weight in D. bulbifera to 762 μg/g d.w. in D. discolor and 777 μg/g d.w. in D. alata. Three main phytosterols, i.e. campesterol (1), sitosterol (2) and stigmasterol (3) were found in extracts from all analyzed species in total amount ranging from 316 μg/g in D. bulbifera to 676 μg/g of dry leaf weight in D. hispida, with either sitosterol (2) or stigmasterol (3) as predominant in the profile. Extracts from D. hispida and D. purpurea leaves were distinguished from the others by particularly high amount of campesterol (1). In the majority of the species, except for D. caucasica, other tetracyclic triterpenoids were found: cycloartanol (4), 24-methylenecycloartanol (5) and cycloeucalenol (6). Less common steroids, stigmastan-3-en-6β-ol (7) and ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (8) were detected in D. japonica. The significant content (992 μg/g) of pentacyclic triterpenoids of ursane, oleanane, taraxastane and taraxerene (friedooleanane)-type carbon skeletons, i.e. α-amyrin (9), β-amyrin (10), taraxasterol (11) and taraxerol (12), respectively, was found in D. caucasica. The obtained results supplement the knowledge of biochemical diversity of Dioscorea genus.     

Seasonal study of the fungal biota of the fur of dogs

During a one year period, 944 dogs from the Municipal kennel of Barcelona were examined to detect animals with suspected dermatophytosis. Only a few animals (1.8%) presented skin lesions but none of them had dermatophytosis. A representative number of dogs without visible skin lesions (n=172), selected at random, were used to carry out a seasonal study of the mycobiota of their fur. Fifteen isolates belonging to the genera Microsporum and Trichophyton were isolated from 14 of the 172 (8.1%) dogs without lesions. The identity of these fungi was Microsporum gypseum (6/15), Trichophyton terrestre (4/15), M. canis (2/15), M. cookei (2/15) and Trichophyton ajelloi (1/15) (one strain each of M. gypseum and T. ajelloi were isolated from one dog). Species of Penicillium (% prevalence=89.5%), Alternaria (86.6%), Cladosporium (84.9%), Aspergillus (77.3%), Scopulariopsis (65.7%) and Chrysosporium (64.5%) were the most prevalent. No significant differences in the fungal biota were observed with respect to age, gender, hair length or between mixed and pure breed dogs. A large number of isolates, including species belonging to the genera Beauveria, Chrysosporium, Malbranchea and Scopulariopsis, that macroscopically and/or microscopically resemble dermatophytes and may be mistaken for them, produced a red color change in Dermatophyte Test Medium. No significant seasonal difference was detected among the isolates belonging to the the most frequently encountered genera, with the exception of Scopulariopsis (higher in summer and autumn) and Chrysosporium (higher in summer). Species from other genera, with lower occurrence also presented significant differences in their seasonal distribution. Arthrinium, Aureobasidium, Chaetomium and Phoma spp. presented maximum prevalence peaks in spring, Fusarium, Paecilomyces, Phoma and Rhizopus spp. in summer and Geotrichum and Mucor spp. in autumn. The Microsporum and Trichophyton species were more frequently isolated in summer.     

Effects of different batches of iodine on properties of I-hFSH and characteristics of radioligand-receptor assays

Radioiodination of highly purified human follicle-stimulating hormone (hFSH) (4000 IU/mg) was performed every other week for 23 weeks using 2 mCi carrier free Na ¹²⁵I (Amersham Corp., 15 mCi/μg I₂) in the presence of lactoperoxidase. Incorporation of ¹²⁵I into hFSH was determined by the method of [7.]Biochem. J. 89, 114). Hormone binding was studied in vitro under steady-state conditions (16 h, 20°C) using different calf testis membrane preparations having similar receptor characteristics. Each ¹²⁵I-hFSH preparation was characterized for maximum bindability, specific activity of bindable radioligand as determined by self-displacement analysis, and by determination of K_a and R_t. Incorporation of ¹²⁵I into FSH was relatively constant over the large number of experiments (62.4 ± 6.4 μCi/μg; n = 23). By comparison, however, specific radioactivity of the receptor bindable fraction of ¹²⁵I-hFSH was related to the lot of ¹²⁵I utilized, and was significantly (P ≤ 0.01) lower and more variable (28.7 ± 10.5 μCi/μg). Maximum bindability of ¹²⁵I-hFSH was not correlated to specific activity (r = 0.06) but was negatively correlated to hFSH ¹²⁵I incorporation (r = −0.47; P ≤ 0.05). These observations demonstrate the need to assess the quality of each batch of radioligand before undertaking radioligand-receptor assays and suggest that differences in Na¹²⁵I lots affect specific radioactivity of the radioligand and its receptor binding characteristics.     

Estimation of genome sizes of hyperthermophiles

Genomes of various hyperthermophilic and extremely thermophilic prokaryotes were analyzed with respect to size, physical organization, and 16S rDNA copy number. Our results show that all the genomes are circular, and they are in the size range of 1.6–1.8 Mb for Pyrodictium abyssi, Methanococcus igneus, Pyrobaculum aerophilum, Archaeoglobus fulgidus, Archaeoglobus lithotrophicus, and Archaeoglobus profundus (the two bacteria Fervidobacterium islandicum and Thermosipho africanus possess genomes of 1.5-Mb size). A systematic study of all validly described species of the order Sulfolobales revealed the existence of two classes of genome size for these archaea, correlating with phylogenetic analyses. The Metallosphaera–Acidianus group, plus Sulfolobus metallicus, have genomes of ca. 1.9 Mb; the other members of the order Sulfolobales group possess genomes >2.7 Mb. The special case of Stygiolobus azoricus is discussed. Received: August 10, 1997 / Accepted: January 1, 1998     

Stimulation by interferon of induction of differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells

F₁-ATPase was isolated from yeast $\text{S.}\text{cerevisiae}$. The constituent subunits 1 and 2 were purified by gel permeation chromatography, and their amino acid compositions determined. Both subunits have a similar composition except for $\text{1}\text{2}$ cystine, methionine, leucine, histidine, and tryptophan. When F₁ is treated for three hours with 5′-p-[³H]fluorosulfonylbenzoyl adenosine in dimethylsulfoxide, 90% of the activity is lost. Disc gel electrophoresis of the modified complex showed that over 90% of the label was associated with subunit 2. A labelled peptide from a $\text{S.}\text{aureus}$ digest of subunit 2 was isolated and sequenced. It had the following amino acid sequence: His-Try¹-Asp-Val-Ala-Ser-Lys-Val-Gln-Glu, whereby Tyr¹ is the modified amino acid residue. This sequence shows homology to other sequences obtained from maize, beef heart, and $\text{E.}\text{coli}$ F₁-ATPases.     

Effect of temperature on the duration of larval and pupal stages of two species of sciomyzid flies, predators of the snail Lymnaea truncatula

The duration of larval and pupal stages of two species of predatory flies was investigated at five constant temperatures. Ilione albiseta (Scopoli): Mean duration of first and second instars was shortest at 23°C and there was 100% survival of first instar larvae at all temperatures. Mean third instar larval duration decreased from 104 days at 17°C to 27.5 days at 26°C. Total percentage larval survival was greatest at 17°C and least at 26°C. Mean pupal duration decreased as temperature increased and this occurred also under outdoor conditions. Pherbellia cinerella (Fallén): As temperature increased mean larval duration decreased but the percentage of larvae pupating also decreased (100% at 14°C, 33.3% at 26°C). There was a trend for shorter mean pupal durations at higher temperatures.

---

Résumé L'action de la température a été examinée à 14, 17, 20, 23 et 26°C. Les 2 espèces sont prédatrices de L. truncatula, vecteur de la douve du foie en Irlande, où elle provoque à l'àgriculture une perte évaluée à 10 millions de livres par an. Les données recuellies en conditions contrôlées du laboratoire doivent permettre de définir les conditions optimales pour l'élevage continu de ces espèces. Ceci est indispensable pour évaluer, dans la nature leurs potentialités pour la lutte biologique. Ilione albiseta: C'est à 23°C que le développement des larves de premier et second stades sont les plus brefs; la survie du premier stade est totale à toutes les températures constantes examinées. La durée moyenne du 3ème stade décroît de 104 jours à 17°C jusqu'à 27,5 jours à 26°C. Le taux de survie total est plus élevé à 17°C qu'à 26°C. La durée moyenne de la nymphose diminue quand la température croît, et ceci se produit aussi à la température ambiante extérieure. On réduit de moitié la durée du développement de l'éclosion de l'oeuf à l'apparition de l'adulte, entre la nature et le laboratoire, en utilisant respectivement: 23°, 17° et 26°C pour les premier et second stades, le troisième stade, la nymphé. Cela devrait aider à multiplier la souche pour la lutte biologique. Pherbellia cinerella: Avec élévation de la température la durée du développement larvaire diminue, mais aussi le nombre de larves parvenant à la pupaison (100% à 14° et 33,3% à 26°C). La nymphose tendait à être plus brève aux températures les plus élevées.

     

Pollen analysis of honeys from the northwest of Argentina: Province of Jujuy

The palynological characterisation of 157 honey samples from three northwest regions of Argentina (Prepuna, Yungas and Chaco) are presented to determine their botanical origin and species associations to be able to define their geographic origin. Samples were harvested during 2003–2011 and processed by means of melissopalynological conventional techniques. One-hundred and nine pollen types were identified. Representative pollen types with a frequency of occurrence greater than 50% in descending order of importance are: Salix humboldtiana, Allophylus edulis, Baccharis, Solanaceae, Eucalyptus, Schinus, Brassicaceae, Papilionoideae, Celtis, Scutia/Condalia-type and Parapiptadenia excelsa. The most important monofloral honeys are from the following: Salix humboldtiana, Scutia/Condalia-type, Allophylus edulis, Baccharis, Blepharocalyx salicifolius, Gleditsia amorphoides, Myrtaceae, Sicyos, Ziziphus mistol, Schinopsis-type, Agonandra excelsa, Anadenathera colubrina, Mimosa, all of them native species, and among introduced species are Eucalyptus, Citrus and Tithonia. Three apicultural zones and their corresponding pollen association indicators were determined: Zone I, Prepuna: Arquita trichocarpa, Prosopis ferox, Schinus areira, Baccharis, Buddleja and Mutisieae; Zone II, Yungas: Myrtaceae, Parapiptadenia excelsa, Baccharis, Salix humboldtiana, Allophylus edulis, Scutia/Condalia-type and Zanthoxylum coco; Zone III, transitional area Yungas-Chaco: Prosopis, Salix humboldtiana, Schinus, Anadenanthera colubrina and Allophylus edulis.