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植物抗旱耐盐基因的研究进展 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
近几年许多与植物抗旱耐盐相关基因被克隆和分析,同时通过转基因技术将这些基因转到植物中异源表达,能显著提高转基因植物的抗旱耐盐能力。这些基因主要包括渗透调节基因、蛋白类基因(如信号传导中的蛋白激酶基因)及转录因子等。在逆境条件下,渗透调节基因通过合成脯氨酸、甜菜碱、糖类和多胺类等渗透调节物质维持植物中的渗透平衡;蛋白激酶基因产物是细胞信号传导中的组分,这些基因能促进植物对干旱失水反应和逆境信号的传递,启动抗逆基因的表达;转录因子通过与相关基因的特异性结合来调控其表达,进而产生相关调控蛋白等物质增强植物在逆境中的生存能力。本文主要综述了这三类抗逆基因的研究现状及其生物学机理,讨论并分析这些基因在应用中尚待解决的问题,为发掘更多的抗逆性的基因资源和进一步开展分子育种工作提供参考。 相似文献
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植物miRNA在调控基因表达、细胞周期、生物体发育、抗逆等方面起重要作用。为研究胡杨(Populus euphratica Oliv.)的耐盐机制,以1年生胡杨无性系幼苗为材料,构建具有空间代表性的盐胁迫胡杨cDNA文库,利用二代测序技术测定NaCl胁迫下和正常培养条件下胡杨叶和根miRNA表达情况。结果表明,不同的miRNA之间表达量存在明显差异,表达丰度最高的miRNA有miR156、miR157、miR165、miR166和miR167等,合计占总表达量的90%以上。胡杨根部存在特异表达的miRNA,在整个耐盐调控机制中发挥着生理调节、分子调控和信号传导等极为重要的作用。盐处理样品中发现大量响应盐胁迫的miRNA,对这些转录因子进行靶基因预测和注释后,发现很多盐胁迫响应的miRNA与NAC和SPL等重要转录因子家族相关,与前人的结论一致,另外还发现许多miRNA的调控对象是ATP酶和激素响应因子。 相似文献
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植物根系耐盐机制的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
植物根系能够摄取土壤环境中的养分与水分,在植物的生长发育中起重要的作用。植物根系由于直接与土壤环境相接触会受到非生物胁迫较大的影响。盐胁迫是主要的非生物胁迫之一,对植物根系会产生较大的伤害。综述根系在组织形态和细胞水平上对盐胁迫的应答,以及根系响应盐胁迫的信号传导途径、转录因子与基因,对植物根部耐盐机制的解析和植物耐盐基因工程工具基因的挖掘具有重要意义。 相似文献
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植物体内干旱信号的传递与基因表达 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
干旱是严重影响植物生长发育的重要环境胁迫因子之一。干旱能影响植物的水分状态,使植物缺水遭受伤害。近年来,相继从拟南芥等植物中克隆出了一些受干旱诱导的基因,如蛋白激酶基因、光合基因、渗透调节基因、功能蛋白基因(如LEA基因)等。干旱等胁迫信号经历一系列的传递过程,最后诱导这些特定基因的表达。在植物体中,可能存在依赖ABA型和不依赖ABA型两条干旱信号的传递途径。近年来从高等植物中分离出一系列调控干旱相关基因表达的转录因子,通过转录因子之间以及与其它相关蛋白之间的相互作用,激活或抑制干旱等胁迫因子诱导的基因表达。 相似文献
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Soil salinity is a major abiotic stress in plant agriculture strongly, influencing plant productivity world-wide. Classical breeding for salt tolerance in crop plants has been attempted to improve field performance without success. Therefore, an alternative strategy is to generate salt tolerant plants through genetic engineering. Several species and experimental approaches have been used in order to identify those genes that are important for salt tolerance. Due to high level of salt tolerance, halophytes are good candidates to identify salt tolerance genes. However, other species such as yeast and glycophytes have also been employed. Three approaches are commonly used to identify genes important for salt tolerance. The first approach is to identify genes involved in processes known to be critical for salt tolerance (osmolyte synthesis, ion homeostasis, etc.). The second approach is to identify genes whose expression is regulated by salt stress. This is relatively simply and applicable to any plant species. Genetic amenability of some species allows the third approach, which consists in the identification of salt tolerance determinants based on functionality. At the moment, there is a large number of reports in the literature claiming that plants with increased salt tolerance have been obtained. The main problem is that different plant species, stage of development, organs, promoters and salt conditions used it is difficult to compare the degree of salt tolerance conferred by different genes. In this review, we discuss progress made towards understanding the molecular elements involved in salt stress responses that have been used in transgenic approaches to improve salt tolerance. 相似文献
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Effect of salt stress on plant gene expression: A review 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
William J. Hurkman 《Plant and Soil》1992,146(1-2):145-151
Soil salinity is an important agricultural problem, particularly since the majority of crop plants have low salt tolerance. The identification of genes whose expression enables plants to adapt to or tolerate salt stress is essential for breeding programs, but little is known about the genetic mechanisms for salt tolerance. Recent research demonstrates that salt stress modulates the levels of a number of gene products. Although the detection of gene products that respons specifically to salt stress is a significant finding, they must be identified, functions assigned, and their relation to salt tolerance determined. This article focuses on a few of the salt-responsive proteins and mRNAs that have been discovered and the methods employed to identify and characterize them. 相似文献
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Hironaka Tsukagoshi Takamasa Suzuki Kouki Nishikawa Sakae Agarie Sumie Ishiguro Tetsuya Higashiyama 《PloS one》2015,10(2)
Understanding the molecular mechanisms that convey salt tolerance in plants is a crucial issue for increasing crop yield. The ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum) is a halophyte that is capable of growing under high salt conditions. For example, the roots of ice plant seedlings continue to grow in 140 mM NaCl, a salt concentration that completely inhibits Arabidopsis thaliana root growth. Identifying the molecular mechanisms responsible for this high level of salt tolerance in a halophyte has the potential of revealing tolerance mechanisms that have been evolutionarily successful. In the present study, deep sequencing (RNAseq) was used to examine gene expression in ice plant roots treated with various concentrations of NaCl. Sequencing resulted in the identification of 53,516 contigs, 10,818 of which were orthologs of Arabidopsis genes. In addition to the expression analysis, a web-based ice plant database was constructed that allows broad public access to the data. The results obtained from an analysis of the RNAseq data were confirmed by RT-qPCR. Novel patterns of gene expression in response to high salinity within 24 hours were identified in the ice plant when the RNAseq data from the ice plant was compared to gene expression data obtained from Arabidopsis plants exposed to high salt. Although ABA responsive genes and a sodium transporter protein (HKT1), are up-regulated and down-regulated respectively in both Arabidopsis and the ice plant; peroxidase genes exhibit opposite responses. The results of this study provide an important first step towards analyzing environmental tolerance mechanisms in a non-model organism and provide a useful dataset for predicting novel gene functions. 相似文献
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转OsCDPK7基因水稻的培育与耐盐性分析 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
以4℃处理的水稻品种辽盐241植株叶片总RNA为模板, 用基因特异引物通过RT-PCR扩增出1 700 bp的OsCDPK7基因。该基因序列比已报道的基因序列(GenBank登录号:AB042550)缺失了26个氨基酸, 而丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶活性中心和钙结合结构域完整, 具备钙依赖的蛋白激酶活性。构建了由组成型启动子E12调控的OsCDPK7基因植物表达载体, 利用农杆菌介导法转化水稻, 经Km筛选及Southern杂交验证, 获得10株转基因植株。耐盐性分析表明:OsCDPK7基因的组成型表达提高了T2代转基因植株的耐盐性, 部分转基因水稻在0.2 mol/L NaCl培养基中能够萌发; 幼苗期水稻经0.4 mol/L NaCl浇灌10 d, 去除胁迫后能恢复正常生长; 而对照在以上情况下均不能萌发和恢复。结果表明, 利用植物信号转导过程中的调控因子能够提高转基因作物的耐盐性。然而, 在不同耐性的转基因植株中, OsCDPK7基因的表达有一定的差异。 相似文献
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Liguo Feng Han Ding Jia Wang Meng Wang Wei Xia Shu Zang Lixia Sheng 《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2015,22(4):417-423
Salt stress is one important factor influencing the growth and development of plants, and salt tolerance of plants is a result of combined action of multiple genes and mechanisms. Rosa rugosa is not only an important ornamental plant, but also the natural aromatic plant of high value. Wild R. rugosa which is naturally distributed on the coast and islands of China has a good salt tolerance due to the special living environment. Here, the vacuolar Na+/H+ reverse transporter gene (NHX1) and the vacuolar H+-ATPase subunit C gene (VHA-c) closely related to plant salt tolerance were isolated from wild R. rugosa, and the expression patterns in R. rugosa leaves of the two genes under NaCl stress were determined by real-time quantitative fluorescence PCR. The results showed that the RrNHX1 protein is a constitutive Na+/H+ reverse transporter, the expression of the RrNHX1 gene first increased and then decreased with the increasing salt concentration, and had a time-controlled effect. The RrVHA-c gene is suggestive of the housekeeping feature, its expression pattern showed a similar variation trend with the RrNHX1 gene under the stress of different concentrations of NaCl, and its temporal expression level under 200 mM NaCl stress presented bimodal change. These findings indicated that RrNHX1 and RrVHA-c genes are closely associated with the salt tolerance trait of wild R. rugosa. 相似文献
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目的:为进一步研究枸杞抗逆境胁迫的机制,并为转基因育种,提供理论依据。提高农作物的抗逆性提供优质的基因资源。方法:提选取盐胁迫后脯氨酸含量变化较大的耐盐植物枸杞为材料,用1.5%NaCl处理后,提取枸杞叶片总RNA,利用 RT-PCR 及3' RACE方法克隆获得吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(delta 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase,P5CS)基因的全长cDNA,命名为LmP5CS,构建pH7m24GW,3rc-LmP5CS植物表达载体。结果:LmP5CS基因的ORF长2 154 bp,编码1个等电点为6.07、分子量为 77.5kDa、由717个氨基酸组成的蛋白。枸杞在200 mmol/L NaCl 盐胁迫下, LmP5CS基因表达量随处理时间,有先升高后降低的趋势,9h基因表达量最高,脯氨酸含量变化与之一致。结论:LmP5CS基因在盐胁迫下脯氨酸含量的变化中起关键作用。 相似文献