六种犁头尖属植物(天南星科)的核型研究

报道了 6种 8个居群犁头尖属 ( Typhonium Schott)植物的核型 ,其结果如下 :( 1 )独角莲 ( T.gigan-teum)北京居群 2 n=4 x=5 2 =4 4m+ 7sm+ 1 st;( 2 )鞭檐犁头尖 ( T.flagelliforme)金平居群 2 n=3x=2 4 =3m+ 9sm( 4 SAT) + 1 2 st,河内居群 2 n=4 x=32 =7m+ 2 0 st+ 4sm+ 1 t;( 3)单籽犁头尖 ( T. calcicolum)西畴居群2 n=4 x=5 2 =2 1 sm+ 2 3m( 5 SAT) + 8st;( 4 )犁头尖 ( T.blumei)重庆居群 2 n=4 x=5 2 =4 0 m( 1 SAT) + 1 2 sm( 3SAT) ;( 5 )马蹄犁头尖 ( T.trilobatum)西双版纳居群 2 n=2 x=1 8=4 sm( 2 SAT) + 1 2 m+ 2 st,河内居群 2 n=2 x=1 8=2 st+ 9m+ 7sm;( 6 )金慈菇 ( T. roxburgii)个旧居群 2 n=2 x=1 8=8sm+ 1 0 m( 2 SAT)。其中鞭檐犁头尖 2 n=2 4、32 ,金慈菇 2 n=1 8均为首次报道 ,同时分析讨论了本属植物染色体基数和倍性的多样性及其可能的原始基数     

横断山及邻近地区八种菊科植物的染色体数目及核型

对横断山及邻近地区风毛菊属(Saussurea)、帚菊属(Pertya)和针苞菊属(Tricholepis)的8种菊科植物进行细胞学研究,其中异叶帚菊(Pertya berberidoides)(2n=2x=32=28m+4sm)、针苞菊(Trichole-pis furcata)(2n=2x=32=16m+ 16sm)、中甸风毛菊(Saussurea dschungdienensis)(2n=2x=30=30m+Bs)、丽江风毛菊(S.likiangensis)(2n 2x=32=26m+6sm)、倒齿风毛菊(S.retroserrata)(2n=2x=32=14m+18sm)和显梗风毛菊(S.peduncularis)(2n=2x=36=26m+ 10sm)为首次报道染色体数目和核型,长毛风毛菊(S.hieracioides)和三角叶风毛菊(S.deltoidea)的核型公式分别为:2n=4x=64=30m+34sm和2n=2x=34=22m+ 12sm,与前人报道的一致.8种植物中,除中甸风毛菊和异叶帚菊的核型不对称性为1B型外,其余6种的核型不对称性均属于2B型;在中甸风毛菊中首次发现B染色体.结合现有的细胞学资料分析表明,风毛菊属和帚菊木族的染色体数目存在变异,并且存在明显的非整倍性;此外,分布于横断山区的风毛菊属植物仪有两种倍性(二倍体和四倍体),而且多倍化并不占主导地位.     

辽宁地区产6种乌头(Aconitum)的细胞分类学研究

对我国辽宁地区毛莨科(Ranunculaceae)乌头属(Aconitum) 6个种的染色体的数目和形态进行了研究,并进行了核型分析。其染色体基数为X=8,核型公式为:两色乌头:2n=2x=2m+10sm+4st;蛇岛乌头为:2n=4x=10m+20sm(SAT)+2st+2B;黄花乌头为:2n=4x=4m+12sm(SAT)+8st+1B;北乌头三倍体为:2n=3x=2M+4m+18sm;北乌头4倍体为2n=4x=4m+28sm。同时,对乌头属下某些种的分类学问题进行了探讨。     

风毛菊属6种植物的核型分析

采用常规压片技术对分布于横断山区菊科(Compositae)风毛菊属(Saussurea DC.)的6种植物进行染色体数目和核型分析。结果表明:尖苞雪莲（S.polycolea var.acutisquama）核型公式为:2n=2x=32=20m+12sm,属2B型;球花雪莲核（S.globosa）型公式为:2n=2x=34=16m+18sm,属2B型;重齿风毛菊(S.katochaete)核型公式为:2n=2x=32=8m+18sm+6st,属3B型;柱茎风毛菊(S.columnaris)核型公式为:2n=2x=32=24m+8sm,属2B型;禾叶风毛菊(S.graminea)核型公式为:2n=2x=28=8m+18sm+2st,属3B型;长毛风毛菊(S.hieracioides)核型公式为:2n=2x=32=12m+16sm+4st,属2B型。6个种染色体中均未发现随体。其中尖苞雪莲和柱茎风毛菊染色体为首次报道。     

风毛菊属5种植物的核型分析

采用常规压片法,对风毛菊属(Saussurea)5种植物的染色体数目和核型类型进行分析。结果表明:大耳叶风毛菊(S.macrota)核型公式为2n=2x=26=10m+12sm+4st,属2A型;长梗风毛菊(S.dolichopoda)核型公式为2n=2x=26=14m+8sm+4st,属2A型;川陕风毛菊(S.licentiana)核型公式为2n=2x=28=12m+16sm,属2B型;杨叶风毛菊(S.populifolia)核型公式为2n=2x=28=6m+18sm+4st,属2B型;尾叶风毛菊(S.caudata)核型公式为2n=2x=30=14m+14sm+2st,属2A型。这5种风毛菊属植物中,除大耳叶风毛菊染色体数目和核型类型与前人报道的一致外,其余4种植物的染色体数目和核型类型均为首次报道,并在川陕风毛菊中发现1对B染色体。     

鹅观草属5种植物的核型研究

本文首次对我国5种鹅观草属Roegneria植物的核型进行了分析。5个种的染色体数目均为2n=4x=28。它们的核型是:高株鹅观草 R.altissima,2n=4x=28=26m+2sm(SAT);假花鳞草 R.anthosachnoides,2n=4x=28=22m+4sm+2sm(SAT);长芒鹅观草 R.dolichathera,2 n=4x=28=20m+6sm+2sm(SAT);林地鹅观草 R.sylva-tica,2n=4x=28=22m+4sm+2sm(SAT);多变鹅观草R.varia,2n=4x=28=20m+6sm+2sm(SAT)。它们的核型均属2A型,每种植物均有一对随体染色体。     

葱属植物物种生物学研究：Ⅰ.葱属6种材料的核型研究

分析了葱属(Allium L.)5个种6个居群的细胞学特征。这些种是太白韭(A.prattii C.H.Wright apud Forb.et Hemsl.),该种包括两个居群(Ⅰ、Ⅱ)。居群Ⅰ:K(2n)=2x=16=9m+1m(SAT)+4sm+2st,居群Ⅱ:K(2n)=2x=16=10m+5sm+1sm(SAT);天蒜(A.PaePalanthoides Airy-Shaw):K(2n)=2x=16=14m+2sm+3B;多叶韭(A.Plurifoliatum Rendle):K(2n)=2x=16=14m+2sm+1B;合被韭(A.tubiflorum Rendle):K(2n)=2x=16=12m+2m(SAT)+2sm;峨眉韭(A.omeiense Z.Y.Zhu):K(2n)=2x=22=2m+18sm+2T(SAT)。所研究的6批材料均为二倍体,除合被韭的核型为“1A”型,蛾眉韭的核型为“3A”型外,其余4批材料的核型均为“2A”型。其中峨眉韭和多叶韭的染色体数目为首次报道,天蒜和多叶韭的细胞中首次发现B染色体,并对其相互关系进行了探讨。     

华南地区3种兔儿风属植物(菊科-帚菊木族)的细胞学研究

首次报道了华南地区兔儿风属(Ainsliaea DC.)(菊科-帚菊木族Asteraceae-Pertyeae)3种植物共4个居群的染色体数目和核型。其中长穗兔儿风(A.henryi Diels)的染色体数目为2n=24,核型公式为2n=16m+8sm;三脉兔儿风(A.trinervis Y.C.Tseng)的染色体数目为2n=26,核型公式为2n=16m+10sm;莲沱兔儿风(A.ramosa Hemsl.)2个居群的染色体数目均为2n=26,核型公式为2n=26=22m+4sm。所有居群的染色体由大到小逐渐变化,核型没有明显的二型性。这些结果表明兔儿风属植物确有x=12和x=13两个基数,其中x=13可能是该属的原始基数。     

桤木属7种植物的核型分析

利用改良去壁低渗法对分布于欧美地区的桦木科(Betulaceae)桤木属(Alnus Mill.)7种植物进行染色体数目与核型分析。结果显示:所有材料染色体形态比较一致,多为由中部(m)及近中部(sm)着丝点染色体组成。意大利桤木(A.cordata)为六倍体,体细胞染色体数为2n=6x=42,核型公式为2n=6x=42=36m+6sm;绿桤木(A.viridis)为八倍体,体细胞染色体数为2n=8x=56,核型公式为2n=8x=56=46m+10sm(SAT);薄叶桤木(A.tenuifolia)、灰桤木(A.incana)、欧洲桤木(A.glutinosa)、裂叶桤木(A.sinuata)和红桤木(A.rubra)均为四倍体,体细胞染色体数均为2n=4x=28,其核型公式分别为2n=4x=28=16m(1SAT)+12sm、2n=4x=28=22m+6sm、2n=4x=28=24m+4sm、2n=4x=28=24m+4sm、2n=4x=28=26m+2sm。其中红桤木(A.rubra)的核型属于1B型,其余均为2B型。     

兜兰亚属12种植物的核型分析

对兜兰亚属(Paphiopedilum subgenus Paphiopedilum)12种植物的染色体数目和核型进行了研究。结果表明：这12种植物的染色体数目和核型存在差异,其中菲律宾兜兰(P. philippinense)的核型公式为2n=2x=26=16m+10sm, 长瓣兜兰(P. dithanum)为2n=2x=26=20m+6sm, 密毛兜兰(P. densissimum)为2n=2x=26=22m+4sm, 飘带兜兰(P. parishii)和带叶兜兰(P. hirsutissimum)为2n=2x=26=24m+2sm, 亨利兜兰(P. henryanum)、虎斑兜兰(P. markianum)和根茎兜兰(P. rhizomatosum)为2n=2x=26=26m, 而胼胝兜兰(P. callosum)为2n=2x=32=2M+24m+6sm, 布玲兜兰(P. microchilum)为2n=2x=38=28m+10sm, 卷萼兜兰(P. appletonianum)和海南兜兰(P. hainanensis)为2n=2x=38=30m+8sm。兜兰亚属的染色体主要为中部着丝粒染色体, 未见随体;最长染色体与最短染色体之比为2.07~3.44, 臂比大于2的染色体比率为0~0.231,核不对称系数为53.50%~58.95%。长瓣兜兰、飘带兜兰、亨利兜兰、密毛兜兰、虎斑兜兰、带叶兜兰和根茎兜兰等6种的核型类型为1B型,其余6种为2B型。     

6种野生草莓的核型分析

以五叶草莓等6种野生草莓为试材,采用常规压片法对其进行了核型分析。结果表明,6种野生草莓的核型公式分别为:五叶草莓2n=2x=14=12m+2sm、黄毛草莓2n=2x=14=8m+6sm、绿色草莓2n=2x=14=10m+2sm+2st、东北草莓2n=2x=14=8m+6sm、森林草莓2n=2x=14=6m+8sm、西南草莓2n=4x=28=16m+12sm,6种野生草莓的核型类型均为"2A"型。供试6种野生草莓的进化顺序可能为:五叶草莓、绿色草莓、东北草莓、黄毛草莓、西南草莓、森林草莓。     

青藏高原5种石竹科垫状植物的核型研究

垫状植物是高山冰缘带植物区系的重要组成成分,是植物适应高寒环境趋同进化的特殊生活型。该研究以采自西藏和云南高山冰缘带的5种石竹科垫状植物种子为材料,采用滤纸萌发法、常规压片法镜检观察分析其核型,为青藏高原垫状植物积累核型资料,并为探讨极端环境下特殊生活型植物的核型进化机制提供依据。结果表明:5种植物均为二倍体,染色体核型分别为:密生福禄草(Arenaria densissima),2n=2x=20m+2sm,2A;山生福禄草(A.oreophila),2n=2x=22m,1A;团状福禄草(A.polytrichoides),2n=2x=20m+2sm,2A;大花福禄草(A.smithiana),2n=2x=20m+2sm,1A;囊种草(Thylacospermum caespitosum),2n=2x=18m+4sm,2A。囊种草与福禄草亚属植物的染色体数目一致,为二者在分子系统发育框架下形成的独立分支提供核型证据。并讨论了5种垫状植物古多倍体物种形成的核型进化与中新世青藏高原及周边地区地质抬升的关联。     

角堇与大花三色堇染色体核型分析

以2份角堇与4份大花三色堇自交系为试验材料,采用染色体常规压片方法,观察和分析了它们的细胞染色体数目、相对长度、平均臂比等核型指标,以明确两种植物细胞学特点,为分类以及育种提供理论依据。结果表明:(1)2份角堇自交系染色体数目均为2n=2x=26,染色体基数为x=13,染色体核型公式分别为2n=2x=26=8m+12sm+6st、2n=2x=26=4m+16sm+6st,核型不对称系数为67.20%~70.10%,核型分类均属于3B。(2)4份大花三色堇自交系均为四倍体,其中2份(EYO-1-2-1-4、DSRFY-1-1-2)染色体数目为44,核型公式为2n=4x=44=4m+16sm+6st、2n=4x=44=16m+24sm+4st;2份(G10-1-3-1-4、XXL-YB-1-1-1-1)染色体数目为48,核型公式分别为2n=4x=48=8m+20sm+20st、2n=4x=48=4m+36sm+8st,核型不对称系数为66.74%~71.77%,核型分类属于2B、3B。     

Comparative karyomorphology and interrelationships ofSelaginella in Japan

Karyomorphological comparisons were made of 16 native and cultivated species ofSelaginella in Japan. The somatic chromosome numbers are 2n=16 inS. boninensis; 2n=18 inS. doederleinii, S. helvetica, S. limbata, S. lutchuensis, S. nipponica, S. selaginoides, S. tama-montana, andS. uncinata; 2n=20 inS. biformis, S. involvens, S. moellendorffii, S. remotifolia, andS. tamariscina; 2n=30 inS. rossii; and 2n=32 inS. heterostachys. The interphase nuclei of all species examined are uniformly assigned to the simple chromocenter type. The metaphase karyotype of 2n=16 (x=8) is 8 m (=median centromeric chromosomes)+8(st+t)(=subterminal and terminal). The group of the species having 2n=18 (x=9) is heterogeneous karyomorphologically: The karyotype ofS. nipponica is 2n=18=6 m+12(st+t),S. tama-montana 10 m+2 sm(=submedian)+6(st+t), andS. uncinata 6 m+7 sm+5(st+t). Although the remaining five species have the common karyotype 8 m+4 sm+6(st+t), the values of mean chromosome length are variable. Another group of the specles having 2n=20 (x=10) is homogeneous, since all species have the same karyotypes 8 m+4 sm+8(st+t) and have similar chromosome size. The karyotype of 2n=30 is 12 m+6 sm+12(st+t) and is suggested to be a triploid of x=10, and 2n=32=16m+16(st+t), a tetraploid of x=8. Thus, three kinds of basic chromosome numbers, x=8, 9, 10 are present in JapaneseSelaginella examined, and their karyomorphological relationships are discussed.     

Karyology of four land-planarian species of the genus Bipalium from Japan

We have employed a new scale for characterizing chromosomal forms in the karyotypes of four species of Bipalium from five localities in Japan. Specimens of Bipalium nobile Kawakatsu et Makino, 1982, from Yokohama had a diploid chromosome number of 2x = 10 (2m + 2sm + 2sm + st & sm + 2sm); specimens of the same species from Toyonaka had this number as well but with slightly different chromosomal form (2m + 2sm + sm & st + 2st + m & sm). An undescribed species from Sanjô, Bipalium sp. 2, with two dorsal stripes and a yellow head crescent, had 2x = 10 (2m + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm + 2m); and another undescribed species from Chichijima Island, Bipalium sp. 3, with five dorsal stripes, had 2x = 10 (2m + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm + 2m). A non-sexual bipaliid tentatively identified as Bipalium kewense Moseley, 1878, from Chichijima Island had 2x = 18 (2m + 2m + 2m + 2sm + 2st + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm + 2sm).     

凤仙花近缘种间核型分析与叶表皮微形态研究

为探究凤仙花近缘种植物的细胞学和微形态学方面的亲缘关系,该文选取荔波凤仙花(Impatiens liboensis)及近缘种赤水凤仙花(I.chishuiensis)和管茎凤仙花(I.tubulosa)的根尖和叶表皮为实验材料,采用体细胞染色体常规压片法和叶表皮光学显微镜观察法对凤仙花近缘种植物进行染色体及叶表皮特征研...     

Cytological studies on six cyprinid fishes

The chromosome complements of six cyprinid fishes were studied, using the routine air-drying Giemsa staining technique. The diploid chromosome number recorded is 2n = 50 (8m+18sm+14st+10t) with NF = 90 in Aspidoparia morar, 2n = 50 (8m+12sm+12st+18t) with NF = 82 in Crossocheilus latius latius, 2n = 50 (6m+12sm–16st+16t) with NF = 90 in Labeo pangusia, 2n = 70 (16m+6sm+16st–32t) with NF = 108 in Perilampus atpar, 2n = 48 (4m+6st+38t) with NF = 58 in Puntius chrysopterus and 2n = 50 (2m+2sm+4st+42t) with NF = 58 in P. tetrarupagus. Sex chromosomes are not identifiable in any of these species. A pair of marker chromosomes has been observed in all species excepting A. morar.     

First report of chromosome numbers and karyotypes of two monotypic genera endemic to eastern Asia: Brachystemma (Caryophyllaceae) and Craspedolobium (Fabaceae)

The chromosome numbers and karyotypes of Brachystemma and Craspedolobium, two monotypic genera endemic to eastern Asia, are reported here for the first time. The somatic chromosome numbers are 2n=40 for Brachystemma calycinum and 2n=22 for Craspedolobium unijugum. A karyotype of 2n=2x=40=28m+12sm was found in B. calycinum and that of 2n=2x=22=12m+10sm in C. unijugum, both of them have a moderately symmetrical karyotype type 2B and small‐sized chromosomes. Brachystemma has a unique basic chromosome number in Alsinoideae, which may support its isolated taxonomic position. As do some morphological characters, the basic chromosome number x=11 suggests that Craspedolobium belongs in the Millettioid clade.