大豆连作障碍研究Ⅰ．大豆连作土壤紫青霉菌的毒素作用研究

研究分析了大豆连作、轮作土壤微生物区系,发现连作大豆根际土壤真菌富集,以其优势真菌回接大豆．紫青霉菌（Ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｕｍｐｕｒｐｕｒｏｇｅｎｕｍ）能强烈抑制大豆生长发育．在实验室条件下分离获得该菌产生的毒素粗结晶,５μｇ·ｍｌ－１水培液中即可观察到大豆根系受害,根毛很少生长;３０μｇ·ｍｌ－１水培液中大豆主根褐变严重,侧根几乎不再生长;２００μｇ·ｍｌ－１导致一些大豆品种幼苗在２周内死亡这些结果表明,连作大豆土壤中该菌的大量存在及其产生的毒素是大豆连作障碍产生的主要因素．     

天竺葵花清除自由基作用的研究

用化学发光法研究了天竺葵花粗担液对超氧阴离子自由基（Ｏ２）＾＝和羟自由基（ＯＨ）的清除作用,用分光不镀法研究了它对１,１－二苯基－２－苦肼基自由基（ＤＰＰＨ０的清除作用。结果表明,天竺葵花具有很强的清除自由基活性。其粗提物清除Ｏ２＾－分别为３．５μｇ／ｍｌ（红花）,３．０μｇ／ｍｌ（粉花）,１．６μｇ／ｍｌ（浅粉花）,与茶多酚（ＩＣ５０＝１．１μｇ／ｍｌ）相近,清除ＯＨ的ＩＣ５０分别为５．７μｇ／     

乙型肝炎血源疫苗皮内接种4年效果观察

为了解乙型肝炎血源疫苗皮内接种的持久效果,选ＨＢｓＡｇ、抗－ＨＢｓ和抗－ＨＢｃ均（－）的９～１１岁儿童１０３名,随机分成４组,分别皮内接种１μｇ×４和３μｇ×４（均按０,１,２,５月程序）和肌肉接种１０μｇ×３和３０μｇ×３（各按０,１,２月程序）。首针后４８月时,１μｇ、３μｇ、１０μｇ和３０μｇ组抗－ＨＢｓ≥１０ｍＩＵ／ｍＩ者各为６９．２％,８０．０％、９２．３％和８１．８％;ＧＭＴ则为１４．５,７９．０,４４．８和７０．９ｍＩＵ／ｍｌ,３μｇ×４皮内免疫的近期和远期效果与肌肉组３０μｇ×３相似,宜于某些人群采用     

微生态系统中地衣芽孢杆菌消长的研究

采用不同接种培养方法,研究了地衣芽孢杆菌在微生态系统的消长状况．结果表明,在健康人体内该菌能迅速增殖,菌数为１．４９×１０８～１．８３×１０８个·ｇ－１,并能较长时间定植下来,３０ｄ后菌数为１．２７×１０７～１．５１×１０７个·ｇ－１．在病人体内增殖相对较慢些,菌数为１．４０×１０８～１．６７×１０８个·ｇ－１,３０ｄ后菌数为１．１５×１０７～１．３１×１０７个·ｇ－１．在人工模拟微生态系统中,当ｐＨ为５．０～９．０,营养物为食物匀浆培养基、牛肉膏蛋白胨培养基时,其菌数为３．０５×１０８、３．４２×１０８个·ｍｌ－１．     

黑曲霉生产β-葡萄糖苷酶发酵条件的研究产

经多项式回归分析,研究了不同浓度Ｎ 源、Ｃ 源、无机盐等对酶产量的影响,确定出最佳培养基配方为：麸皮４ ．９ ％ ,（ＮＨ４）２ＳＯ４ ０ ．４ ％ ,ＫＨ２ＰＯ４ ０ ．２９ ％ ,ＣａＣｌ２ ０ ．０５ ％ ,ＭｇＳＯ４·７Ｈ２Ｏ０ ．０４ ％ ,ＦｅＳＯ４·７Ｈ２ Ｏ５ｍｇ·Ｌ－ １ ,ＺｎＣｌ２ １ ．４ｍｇ·Ｌ－ １ ,０ ．２ ％ 油酸钠．并对培养温度、时间、培养基初始ｐＨ、通气量、接种量、接种方式等培养条件进行优化,使黑曲霉生产β葡萄糖苷酶的产量由１７Ｕ·ｍｌ－ １ 增至２１ ．３Ｕ·ｍｌ－ １ ．     

小鼠腺病毒单克隆抗体的研制及初步应用

应用杂交瘤技术获得４株分泌抗小鼠腺病毒（ＭｕｒｉｎｅＡｄｅｎｏｖｉｒｕｓＭＡｄ）单克隆抗体细胞株,并对其特性进行分析。经鉴定,它们所分泌的抗体类型均为ＩｇＭ,腹水效价为１０－３～１０－６。相对亲和力分别为０．１μｇ／ｍｌ（Ａ９）、０．６５μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｂｌ）、１２．５μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｇ４）和２３μｇ／ｍｌ（Ｄ４）。与其他１０种鼠源性病毒均无交叉反应,表明ＭｃＡｂ具有良好的特异性。单抗标记ＦＩＴＣ后用于人用鼠源性单抗制品及各种传代细胞和原代细胞中ＭＡｄ检测,获得良好的实验结果。     

凤眼莲根分泌物氨基酸对根际肠杆菌属F2细菌降酚的影响

研究２种有代表性的凤眼莲（Ｅｉｃｈｈｏｒｎｉａｃｒａｓｓｉｐｅｓ）根分泌物Ｍｅｔ、Ｌｙｓ对其根际肠杆菌属Ｆ２细菌（Ｅｎｔｅｒｏｂａｃｔｅｒｓｐ．Ｆ２）降酚的影响．结果表明,具有正趋化作用的Ｍｅｔ的不同浓度对细菌的生长动态、细菌降酚酶活性、细菌降酚效率基本没有影响;而具有负趋化作用的Ｌｙｓ在高浓度（１０－２、１０－３ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１）下延滞细菌的生长,抑制细菌的降酚酶活性,随着Ｌｙｓ浓度的降低各种抑制作用相应减弱,凤眼莲根分泌物氨基酸作为根际微生态系统的信息流,影响着该系统的降酚功能     

重组人IL6／2融合蛋白对6.5Gy照射小鼠造血功能恢复的影响

观察了ｈＦＰＩＬ６／２对６．５Ｇｙγ线照射ＮＩＨ小鼠第１０天造血功能恢复的影响。结果表明：照射小鼠连续４ｄ给予ｈＦＰＩＬ６／２２５０μｇ·ｋｇ－１·ｄ－１,其脾重、ＣＦＵ－８、骨髓有核细胞数及ＣＭ－ＣＦＵ分别比对照组增加５９．０％、２７８．５％、５７．９％和１３８．２％,统计学处理均有显著差异;对此四项指标的改善也明显优于２５μｇ组。另外,２５０μｇ剂量组小鼠外周血象３０ｄ的动态观察结果表明,ｈＦＰＩＬ６／２不但能明显提高红细胞和血红蛋白的最低值,而且能使血小板的恢复提前。提示ｈＦＰＩＬ６／２在促进血小板生成和促进红系造血方面可能具有良好的应用前景。     

生物素—链霉亲和毒免疫学法测定地高辛的研究

采用国产链霉亲和素直接包被塑料板孔,生物素标记抗体,建立的竞争酶联免疫吸附试验的方法测定血中地高辛浓度,其测定灵敏度为０．９６４μｇ／Ｌ最低检测限为０．２２５１μｇ／Ｌ,测定三份低,中、高浓度的血甭标本,批内变异系数为８．９％、５．９％、２．４％;批间变民系数为１５．８％、１０．１％、９．２％,测定回收率在８９．１－１０７．２２％之间,此法与ＦＰＩＡ方法相关良好。     

温特曲霉转富马酸为L—苹果酸的初步研究

从大量霉菌在选育到一株具有较高富马酸酶活性的温特曲霉（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓ ｗｅｎｔｉｉ）Ａ５－６１。在摇瓶培养条件下,３２℃ ９６小时,产Ｌ－苹果酸达１０．４９ｇ／１００ｍｌ,对富马酸的转化率达９０．８０％。利用菌体细胞,进行酶转化试验,结果表明：１．６ｇ湿菌体接入２５ｍｌ含富马酸１０．０％（用ＮａＯＨ中和至ｐＨ７．０）的转化液中,３５℃１６－２４小时,连续转化三次,分别产生Ｌ－苹果酸９．６１     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Hip Circumference and Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality in Men and Women

Objective: It has recently been demonstrated that, in middle‐aged women, a wide hip circumference is a protective factor for a number of health endpoints in later years. The effect seems to be independent of both overweight and waist circumference. This paper aims to replicate this finding in another population‐based sample consisting of women and men. Research Methods and Procedures: This was a prospective observational study consisting of a random subset of adult Danes. A total of 2987 subjects born in 1922, 1932, 1942, or 1952 and 35, 45, 55, or 65 years of age (at examination in 1987 to 1988) participated in the Danish MONICA (MONItoring trends and determinants of CArdiovascular disease) project, with measurements of height, weight, and hip and waist circumference taken. Through personal identification numbers, incidence of coronary heart disease (CHD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) until the end of 1998 and all causes of death until 2001 were retrieved from the National Registers of Hospital Discharge. There was an average of 10 years of follow‐up for incidence of CVD and CHD and 13 years of follow‐up for total mortality. Results: Large hip circumference, relative to body size and waist circumference, predicted less incidence of CVD, CHD, and total death in women. This was not the case in men; BMI and waist circumference were the strongest independent predictors. Discussion: A large hip circumference seems to have independent and positive effects on CVD and CHD morbidity and mortality in women, but no protective effect on cardiovascular health in men. However, a borderline significant protective effect on total mortality was observed.