德国生物经济、生物产业与生物集群

矗立在柏林市中心施普雷河岸的德国国会大厦完全依靠生物能源运行。它的电力和热能由地下室的生物燃料发电机提供,过剩的热量随后被储存在巨大的地下管道中用于冬季供大厦取暖,而室外的冷量又被贮存回地下用于夏季给建筑物送凉。     

美国生物经济、生物产业与生物集群

欧盟将生物经济概括为“以知识为基础的生物经济”（the knowledge—based bio—economy,KBBE）简称Bioeconomy。其具体理解为：生物经济是一个浓缩性的术语．它能够描述在能源和工业原,料方面不再完全依赖于化石能源的未来社会。OECD将生物经济定义为：生物经济是经济运行的聚合体．通过生物产品和生物制造的潜在价值使命来为公民和国家赢得新的增长和福利效益。上述定义的一个共同点是,生物经济的形成与发展是由生命科学与生物技术的研发引致。     

生物丁醇：新生代生物能源

随着石油资源的大量消耗及其价格的不断攀升,世界上许多化学公司已经开始进行重大的战略转向,用生物资源代替石油资源,用生物技术路线代替化学技术路线进行生物燃料及化学品的生产。一种新生代生物能源——生物丁醇正在进入人们的视野。     

生物教学如何渗透生物素养

生物科学素养是高中生的必备素养之一,教师们要在生物教学过程中实施合理、有效的教学策略,着重加强学生的生物科学素养。生物是与生活密切相关的一门学科,我们要基于生活实际,引导学生认识生物、探究生物,进而促进生物科学素养对生活学习质量的提升,这也是当前高中生物课程标准中的核心内容。     

生物成矿作用与生物矿化作用

列举５５种生物矿物，其中包括氧化物，含氧盐，水化物，羟基化物，钙化合物，指出它们通常经历非晶质、过渡、成熟和石化等４个相阶段。根据生物矿物体的元素丰度顺序与岩石圈和生物圈对比，将生矿元素分为６类。提出生矿元素保留于生物体内８种形式，即可溶无机化合物、有机络合物、生矿粒、生矿簇、骨针、骨片、骨壳和骨骼，并以磷为例阐明了生矿元素的富集过程。按照生物作用型式，建议划分生物矿床为堆积、粘结、吸附和储集４种成因类型，分别讨论它们成矿的生物、矿物和矿床，分析形成的环境、过程和阶段，并介绍中国某些著名生物矿床实例。最后总结了生物矿床的地史演化趋向：金属硫化物矿床→条带状硅铁（锰）粘结矿床→叠层状白云岩粘结矿床→磷酸盐和碳酸锰粘结矿床→铅锌和油气储集矿床→煤和油气。     

生物实验室

"生物实验室"栏目刊发的文章主要侧重于从实验室科研人员的角度,深度报道使用某种仪器设备进行实验后所获得的最新结果,交流由此衍生出的新技术新方法。     

生物实验室

"生物实验室"栏目刊发的文章主要侧重于从实验室科研人员的角度,深度报道使用某种仪器设备进行实验后所获得的最新结果,交流由此衍生出的新技术新方法。希望此栏目能够成为架起实验室与实验室,以及实验室与仪器生产商之间联系的桥梁。     

生物实验室

将原来“技术与方法”栏目改为“生物实验室”。刊发的文章主要侧重于从实验室科研人员的角度,深度报道使用某种仪器设备进行实验后所获得的最新结果,交流由此衍生出的新技术新方法。希望此栏目能够成为架起实验室与实验室,以及实验室与仪器生产商之间联系的桥梁。     

生物实验室

将原来技术与方法栏目改为生物实验室。刊发的文章主要侧重于从实验室科研人员的角度,深度报道使用某种仪器设备进行实验后所获得的最新结果,交流由此衍生出的新技术新方法。希望此栏     

压电生物传感器与光生物传感器

压电(Piezoelectronic,PZ)生物传感器和光生物传感器(Optical Biosensors)是两类新型的生物传感器,本文简要阐述它们的原理、特点和研究进展。关键词:压电生物传感器,生物光极,SPR。     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细