载荷壳聚糖微球的海藻酸钠水凝胶的制备

目的：在支架材料上引入具有控释行为的微球,旨在通过微球包裹生长因子,通过生长因子的缓慢释放从而促进种子细胞的生长分化。方法：本实验通过在海藻酸钠水凝胶中负载具有控释功能的壳聚糖微球,并通过在微球中包栽溶茵酶从而达到控制壳聚糖降解速率的功效。实验研究了不同搅拌速度下壳聚糖微球的形貌及粒径大小,通过扫描电镜对壳聚糖微球及复合支架的形貌进行了观察,通过紫外光吸收法测试了微球的载药量及包封率,并研究了壳聚糖微球在体外的降解行为等。结果：制备的壳聚糖微球表面较光滑,溶菌酶的包封率在25．78％41．89％之间,载药量在15．20％-24．44％之间。包封溶茵酶的微胶囊在降解9天后壳聚糖分子量下降了70．40％,载荷微球的复合凝胶孔洞增多,孔洞大小均匀。结论：此复合材料有望作为栽荷软骨相关生长因子的支架模型,从而解决软骨组织工程中种子细胞匮乏的问题。     

姜黄素壳聚糖微球的制备及其在体内外释放度的研究

目的:研究响应面法优化姜黄素壳聚糖微球制备的工艺参数,提高姜黄素的溶出度.方法:采用离子交联法制备姜黄素缓释微球,以微球的载药量和包封率为考察指标,采用星点设计考察配制壳聚糖的醋酸浓度、药物载体的比例以及交联剂浓度对微球制备工艺的影响,对结果进行二次多项式拟合,并根据最佳数学模型进行预测.结果:姜黄素壳聚糖微球最优制备工艺参数为:醋酸的浓度为1％,载体药物比例为0.83,交联剂的浓度为0.15％,载药量和包封率的预测值和理论值偏差分别为0.47％和3.2％.结论:响应面法优化姜黄素壳聚糖微球制剂处方具有很好的预测性,体内外药物释放度研究表明,最优条件下制备的微球可以在提高姜黄素溶出度的前提下缓慢释放达12h.     

大肠杆菌微球包封效率及稳定性的研究

多聚物制备而成的微球是一种具有佐剂效应的疫苗控释系统,在疫苗研制中得到广泛应用.为改进大肠杆菌疫苗的制备质量,本文以天然高分子聚合物海藻酸钠和壳聚糖为材料,应用了三种不同制备微球的方法来制备大肠杆菌微球,观察微球的形态、粒径和稳定性,并测算其对大肠杆菌的包封率.结果表明,采用乳化-内部凝胶化法制备的大肠杆菌海藻酸钙-壳聚糖微球,圆整规则,粒径较小,包封率达到≈93.1％,具有良好的控释性能和稳定性,适于低温保存.     

超临界流体发泡技术制备BMP-2-PLLAms/FGF-2-nHA/PLGA复合支架及体外成骨诱导效应研究

本研究将左旋聚乳酸微球(PLLAms)与纳米羟基磷灰石/聚乳酸-羟基乙醇酸(nHA/PLGA)多孔支架复合,构建可次第释放不同生长因子的骨组织工程支架.首先,制备载骨形态发生蛋白2的左旋聚乳酸微球(BMP-2-PLLAms),然后将微球与nHA/PLGA及碱性成纤维细胞生长因子2(FGF-2)按照一定的比例混合,通过超临界流体发泡制备BMP-2-PLLAms/FGF-2-nHA/PLGA复合支架.制备的BMP-2-PLLA载药微球呈规则球形,粒径分布在6~10μm之间,BMP-2载药量为1.45×10-3%,包封率为61.9%,制备的BMP-2-PLLAms/FGF-2-nHA/PLGA复合支架孔径为100~200μm,孔隙率为75.8%,抗压强度为6.8 MPa,8周降解率为19.9%.7天时,FGF-2和BMP-2的累计释放率分别为77.1%和44.2%;14天时,FGF-2和BMP-2的累计释放率分别为84.9%和61.5%.大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs)的成骨诱导实验证明复合支架中释放的BMP-2和FGF-2能够持续有效地刺激BMSCs的增殖和分化,具有良好的生物活性.BMP-2-PLLAms/FGF-2-nHA/PLGA复合支架有效实现了FGF-2和BMP-2的次第释放,且能够显著地促进BMSCs的成骨分化.     

氢氧化镁调控BSA-PLGA微球体外释放的研究

目的:探索氢氧化镁对BSA微球体外释放的影响,优化BSA微球的制备工艺。方法:通过水包油包固复乳法制备BSA-PLGA微球。先将BSA与葡聚糖制备成玻璃体颗粒,再将玻璃体颗粒与氢氧化镁包裹进PLGA中,制备成缓释微球。在扫描电镜下观察其形态。然后用Micro BCA法测定其包封率和载药量,并考察其体外释放行为。结果:所制得的微球粒径约60μm,呈较好的球形。添加氢氧化镁后,BSA微球的包封率和载药量都有显著提高。不同含量的氢氧化镁对BSA微球的包封率和载药量影响也不同。在体外释放过程中,载有氢氧化镁的微球14天累积释放量为(85.10±2.67)%,而对照组不到80%。结论:通过调整氢氧化镁的量,可以制得形态完整,大小均匀,突释较小的BSA微球。     

人工软骨支架中TGF-β1缓释壳聚糖微球对ATDC-5细胞生长的促进作用

为了提高本课题组前期构建的Ⅱ型胶原蛋白-透明质酸-硫酸软骨素的人工三维软骨支架对软骨细胞生长的促进作用,采用乳化交联法以壳聚糖为原料,加入细胞转化生长因子TGF-β1,并通过真空冷冻干燥技术制备了包裹TGF-β1的壳聚糖微球。然后分别将其与空白壳聚糖微球整合进软骨支架中,并接种小鼠软骨细胞ATDC-5,通过观察细胞生长状态来评价缓释微球在人工软骨支架中对软骨细胞生长是否具有促进作用。结果显示所制得的壳聚糖微球球体表面光滑,分散均匀,直径在100 nm左右,吸水率良好可达983.73%±4.38%,抗酶解作用较强,第28天时降解率仅达到51.0%±1.8%。由TGF-β1累积释放曲线可知TGF-β1在开始的24 h内释放最快,之后逐渐减慢,在120 h之后进入平台期,具有缓释效果。MTT试验以及荧光染色试验充分表明,由Ⅱ型胶原蛋白、透明质酸以及硫酸软骨素构建的三维软骨支架适合ATDC-5细胞的生长增殖,并且壳聚糖微球对TGF-β1的缓释能够显著促进细胞的生长。     

萘普生缓释微球制备工艺及性能研究

本文利用壳聚糖和海藻酸钠通过复凝聚法将萘普生制成微球,研究成球的最佳制备工艺条件及载药微球性能,制备了可生物相容,自然降解无毒的载药微球。实验中,以微球的药物包封率为制备工艺优化指标,通过正交实验得出微球的最佳制备工艺条件为:壳聚糖浓度∶海藻酸钠浓度为1:1,pH值为4.0,搅拌速度为300rpm,反应温度为35℃。以最佳制备工艺条件制备的含药微球,重现性好,工艺稳定,同时体外溶出实验表明,该微球具有较好的缓释作用。     

PLGA微球复合明胶组织工程支架缓释蛋白药物的研究

目的：研究PLGA微球复合明胶支架对蛋白药物的释放影响。方法：将模型蛋白BSA通过复乳法制备成缓释PLGA微球,然后将微球埋置于明胶支架中,形成担载蛋白的PLGA微球复合明胶组织工程支架。考察复合支架体外蛋白释放行为,并用MicroBCA法定量测定释放的BSA量,采用β-半乳糖苷酶催化ONPG的方法检测制备前后蛋白的活性,并与不含PLGA微球直接担载蛋白的支架做对照。结果：PLGA微球复合支架蛋白的包封率能达到73．2％,其中第一天释放20％,对蛋白活性的保持达到70％以上。结论：微球复合明胶支架可以改善一般组织工程支架蛋白药物的突释,提高蛋白药物在制剂,贮存,释放过程中的稳定性。     

酮戊二酸改性壳聚糖微球的制备及其对来氟米特的缓释

采用反相悬浮法制备交联壳聚糖微球,再与α-酮戊二酸反应生成Schiff碱,以NaBH_4还原制得改性壳聚糖微球.用FT-IR,SEM和XRD进行表征.并以来氟米特(LEF)为模型药物,考察了其缓释效果.结果显示:微球对药物的最大包封率为94%,载药量为62%,在缓释初期2 h内微球平均释放药量的16%,后期则呈现缓慢释放的趋势.本论文采用的微粒的药物承载量和释放速度既保证了药物的药效又降低了药物释放速率过快引起的对人体的不良反应.     

担载b-FGF的PLGA微球复合明胶支架的体外释放研究

目的:研究担载碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(b-FGF)微球复合明胶支架的外形特征、孔径、孔隙率及体外释放动力学,以期构建具有缓释功能、高孔隙率的担载细胞因子的新型复合明胶支架。方法:本文利用冷冻相分离法和S/O/W法先将b-FGF水溶液包裹于PLGA微球中,然后埋置于明胶溶液中制备为多孔复合明胶支架。分别对微球的形态和复合明胶支架的基本形态、孔径、孔隙率进行表征,通过Elisa法测定b-FGF在复合明胶支架中的体外释放行为。结果:制备成形态良好的三维复合明胶支架,其孔隙率为82.90%±1.45%,孔径范围为150~300μm,复合明胶支架中b-FGF在体外缓慢释放20余天。结论:担载蛋白微球复合明胶支架不仅满足组织工程支架的要求,还能有效缓释细胞因子,为细胞和组织生长提供良好的微环境,为进一步应用于组织工程领域提供了可能。     

Preparation,Drug Releasing Property and Pharmacodynamics of Soy Isoflavone-Loaded Chitosan Microspheres

Soybean isoflavone (SIF) has anti-aging properties and many other biological functions; however, SIF is difficult to reach higher blood concentration due to its rapid metabolism. Therefore, it is of great value to design and produce a sustained-release formulation that is able to maintain a stable level of plasma concentrations. In this paper, soybean isoflavone sustained-release microsphere from chitosan and sodium alginate was prepared successfully. The important factors that determined the quality of the microspheres were the sodium alginate concentration in solution B, the ratio of soybean isoflavone to chitosan and the mixing speed. The relative yield, encapsulation efficiency and drug loading capability of SIF were much higher than the existing commercial formulations. In real gastrointestinal conditions, compared with the non-sustained release group, the release rate of SIF slowed down and the reaction time was prolonged. Animal experiments showed that sustained-release microspheres intensified the anti-aging potentials of SIF. Compared with the Non-sustained release (NSR) group mice, oral SIF/CHI microsphere treated mice were better in the Morris Water Maze Test (MWMT), the MDA level in the both plasma and brain of the sustained release(SR) group mice decreased, and SOD content was remarkably improved.     

生长因子PLGA微包囊成形参数的实验研究

目的:优化骨组织工程研究中生长因子微包囊的制作参数,观察其释放规律,为更有效的利用生长因子的生物活性提供依据。方法:通过正交实验设计方法设计27组试验,采用不同组合因变量为制作参数,制作PLGA微包囊,检测相应情况下微包囊的包封率和粒径大小,制作多元回归方程。将包裹有BSA的PLGA微包囊置于恒温震荡培养箱震荡进行体外缓释试验研究。结果:各优化变量对微包囊的粒径及其包封率均有影响,包囊表面光滑,成球较好。体外能够在11天内缓慢释放。结论:正交试验设计优化PLGA微包囊制备的各项参数,回归方程对试验结果可较好的进行预测,PLGOA微包囊在体外能够长时间缓释。     

Design of protein-releasing chitosan channels

After traumatic injury to the spinal cord, the neural tissue degenerates, resulting in lost function below the site of injury. Promoting axonal regeneration after injury remains a challenge; however, guidance channels have demonstrated some success when combined with cellular and protein therapies. One of the limitations of current guidance channels is the inability to deliver therapeutically relevant molecules in situ, within the guidance channel, to enhance regeneration. In an effort to provide a system for local and sustained drug release, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) microspheres were embedded into chitosan guidance channels by a novel spin-coating technique. The method was designed to create guidance channels with the appropriate dimensions for implantation into the spinal cord, with special attention paid to the wall thickness. The release and bioactivity of a model protein, alkaline phosphatase, was followed from the channels and compared to those from free-floating microspheres over a 90-day period. Since chitosan formulations often require the use of acidic solutions, careful attention was paid to redesign the process to minimize exposure of PLGA microspheres to acid. This was achieved as demonstrated by release and bioactivity data where alkaline phosphatase released from chitosan/microsphere channels followed a profile and bioactivity similar to those of free floating microspheres.     

一种可止血的富血小板血浆壳聚糖/丝素蛋白多孔伤口敷料的制备及性能表征

为了进一步提高伤口敷料的止血性能,文中在生物相容性良好的壳聚糖溶液中引入含有多种生长因子的人源性富血小板血浆(Humanplatelet-richplasma,hPRP),并加入不同体积比例(1∶1、1∶3、3∶1、1∶0)的丝素蛋白溶液以提高材料的多孔性与止血性,通过冷冻干燥法制备不同配比的hPRP-壳聚糖/丝素蛋白敷料,并将纯壳聚糖敷料作为对照组,研究hPRP和丝素蛋白对敷料的止血性能的影响以及丝素蛋白对PRP中生长因子控制释放的影响。结果表明,在壳聚糖敷料中引入hPRP对敷料的止血性有所提高,但对敷料的多孔结构及吸水率无明显改善,若在hPRP-壳聚糖溶液中按照体积比为1∶1的比例加入丝素蛋白溶液,会得到具有较为均匀的多孔结构的敷料,敷料的孔隙率与吸水率分别可达到86.83%±3.84%与1 474%±114%,且该比例的敷料在快速止血性能上表现优异。此外,加入丝素蛋白与壳聚糖比例为1∶1的PRP敷料能有效减少PRP中生长因子在初始阶段的爆裂释放。因此,含hPRP的壳聚糖/丝素蛋白复合敷料有望成为一种能快速止血且能促进伤口愈合的新型伤口敷料。     

Multilayered microspheres for the controlled release of growth factors in tissue engineering

Tissue regeneration may be stimulated by growth factors but to be effective, this delivery must be sustained and requires delivery vehicles that overcome the short half-life of these molecules in vivo. One promising approach is to couple growth factors to the biomaterial surface so that they are readily bioavailable. Here the layer-by-layer process was used to construct a multilayered polyelectrolyte delivery system on the surface of poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid constructs. The system was first optimized on a planar surface before translation to a 3D microsphere system. The layers incorporated heparin to facilitate the loading of basic fibroblast growth factor and increase growth factor stability. Cross-linked capping layers also reduced any burst release. The model growth factor was released in a sustained manner and stimulated significantly higher cell proliferation in vitro on release compared with the addition of the growth factor heparin complex free in solution, demonstrating the promise of this approach.     

Superior preclinical efficacy of gemcitabine developed as chitosan nanoparticulate system

Gemcitabine, an anticancer nucleoside analogue, undergoes rapid enzymatic degradation following intravenous injection. This necessitates the administration of a high order of doses to observe a required therapeutic response, while such high doses result in significant side effects. To improve the intravenous delivery of gemcitabine and simultaneously enhance its antitumor activity, we have investigated its incorporation into a drug nanoplatform based on the biodegradable polymer chitosan. Two gemcitabine loading methods have been investigated: (i) entrapment into the polymeric network (entrapment procedure): drug incorporation prior to the coacervation process that leads to the formation of gemcitabine-loaded chitosan (GemChit) nanoparticles; and (ii) surface deposition onto already formed chitosan nanoparticles after incubation in gemcitabine solution (adsorption procedure). The former method produced much higher gemcitabine loading values and a sustained release profile. The main factors determining the gemcitabine loading and release kinetic have also been analyzed. Following intravenous injection, the GemChit formulation displayed a significantly improved antitumor activity comparatively to free gemcitabine, which was further confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry studies, suggesting the potential of this chitosan-based gemcitabine nanomedicine for the effective treatment of tumors.     

Dissolution studies on tablets of ibuprofen using chitosan.

An attempt has been made to study the release retardant behaviour of chitosan in ibuprofen tablets. Three different ibuprofen tablets were prepared by using 1,3 and 5% chitosan paste. In vitro evaluations were carried out by using dissolution testing apparatus U.S.P (XXI). The dissolution pattern indicated the role of chitosan in sustained release. Bioavailability studies in male beagle dogs clearly showed the sustained nature of release from chitosan based ibuprofen tablet as compared to conventional ibuprofen marketed formulation. Potential use of chitosan as a new matrix forming material for sustained release preparation has been examined. Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide, has structural characteristics similar to glycosamino glycons. Chitosan has been shown to be non-toxic and biodegradable. It is inexpensive and has been explored in the present investigation as a release retarding agent in ibuprofen tablets.     

尺寸均一的壳聚糖微球的制备及其作为胰岛素控释载体的研究

采用新型微孔膜乳化技术制备了载胰岛素的壳聚糖微球。研究表明,要制备粒径均一的壳聚糖微球,必须将亲水性膜修饰成疏水性;制得的微球粒径和所采用的膜孔径之间存在很好的线性关系,使得微球粒径可控;以胰岛素为模型药物,主要考察了交联剂用量和交联时间对微球表面形态、药物包埋率和微球体外释药特性的影响。结果表明当氨基与醛基的摩尔比为1∶0.7、交联时间为1h时,所得载药微球的包埋率最高,随着戊二醛用量的增加和交联时间的延长,药物体外释放速率减慢。     

Inter-connecting pores of chitosan scaffold with basic fibroblast growth factor modulate biological activity on human mesenchymal stem cells

In this study, we developed bio-active molecules immobilized chitosan scaffolds with controlled pore architectures for enhanced viability of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The decreasing in molecular weight of chitosan by ultrasonication of chitosan solution was effective in the formation of porous chitosan scaffolds, resulting in an increase of inter-connecting micropores (∼10 μm) between macropores. Using a layer-by-layer method, we then prepared heparin-coated chitosan scaffolds as depots for basic fibroblast growth factors (bFGF). Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays confirmed that heparin-coated chitosan scaffolds could bind higher amount of bFGF (24.21 ng/mg) compared to 2.53 ng/mg of non-coated scaffold. Moreover, we were able to manipulate the release profiles of bFGF from the scaffolds for 7 days. In vitro studies showed that chitosan scaffolds induced the improved viability and proliferation of hMSCs through their synergetic effects of the inter-connecting micropores and the sustained released of bFGF. Our results suggest that bFGF immobilized chitosan scaffolds with controlled inter-connecting pores, in combination with other heparin-binding growth factors, have potential implants for controlling biological functions in regenerative medicine.