陕西南部地区茶叶挥发性成分的研究

用水蒸气蒸馏法分别从陕西南部不同产地的茶叶中提取挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油中的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各个成分的相对百分含量。从南郑县茶叶挥发油中鉴出51种成分,从宁强县茶叶挥发油中鉴出47种成分,从西乡县茶叶挥发油中鉴出46种成分,各挥发油成分存在着一定的差异。对陕南不同产地茶叶的挥发油做了抗氧化试验,结果表明各挥发油对.OH均有明显的清除作用。     

鄂西香茶菜中挥发油成分分析

采用水蒸汽蒸馏法分别从鄂西香茶菜的叶、花和果实中提取挥发油,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术（GC-MS）对其挥发油中的化学成分进行分离和结构鉴定,运用气相色谱峰面积归一化法确定各成分的相对百分含量。从鄂西香茶菜的3种挥发油中共鉴定出39种成分,分别从叶、花及果实中鉴定出18、19和23种成分,其中只有6种成分在这3个部位都被鉴出,3种不同部位得到的挥发油成分差异较大。它们的挥发油中主要成分为单萜、倍半萜和二萜类化合物。     

广西小叶红叶藤挥发油化学成分及抗氧化性研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对小叶红叶藤挥发油的化学成分进行分析,并用DPPH·法、ABTS,+法和铁氰化钾还原法对其抗氧化能力进行研究.结果表明:从小叶红叶藤挥发油分离出221个色谱峰,共鉴定64个化合物,占挥发油总量的95.72％,主要成分为dl-薄荷酮(53.43％)、(E)-薄荷酮(14.20％)、5-甲基-2-...     

贵州老鹰茶（红果黄肉楠）挥发油成分研究

利用常压水蒸气蒸馏提取贵州老鹰茶（Actinoaphne cupularis(Hembsl.)Gamble)的挥发油,挥发油得率0．21％,用气相色谱－质谱联用仪进行定性分析。结合计算机检索技术,对挥发油的化学成分进行分离鉴定,NIST化合物谱库检索,应用气相色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对含量。从Actinodaplme cupularis挥发油中检出138种成分,鉴定出66种成分,占挥发油组成的47．83％,主要成分是异丁子香烯（I*socaryophillene),含量8＝28％;其次是大根香叶烯B（Germacrene,1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-(1.α.,4a.α.,8a.α.)-),含量6．57％,其挥发油成分主要是萜类。     

元宝草挥发油化学成分的研究

目的：首次研究元宝草叶及果实挥发油的成分,并比较它们的化学成分。方法：元宝草的叶和果实中的挥发油分别经同时蒸馏萃取的挥发油提取器提取（水蒸气蒸馏、乙酸乙酯萃取）,通过气相色谱－质谱分析,结合计算机检索技术对其化学成分进行分离和鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。结果：从元宝草叶及果实中分别鉴定了30和44种成分,各占挥发油的总量的85．13％和63．26％。叶与果实挥发油的化学成分相差很大。     

蛇苔挥发油化学成分的研究

利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对我国四川省峨嵋山地区蛇苔挥发油的化学成分进行了研究,共鉴定出38种成分,占挥发油成分总量的91．157％,其中单萜、倍半萜类成分较多,顺异丁子香酚的含量最高,占挥发油成分总量的14．4％,并且我们从乙醇浸膏中分离得到了化合物3,4-二甲氧基苯乙烯、β-谷甾醇和胡萝卜苷。     

樱草杜鹃挥发油化学成分的研究

采用自制的水蒸汽蒸馏—溶剂萃取结合装置从樱草杜鹃提取出挥发油,用毛细管气相色谱-质谱法和Kovats指数双重定性法从樱草杜鹃挥发油中分离出65种成分,从其中鉴定出26个化合物,占总挥发油含量的91.91％。经冷冻分离和重结晶纯化所得的无色针状结晶,通过熔点测定,MS、IR、~1HNMR和UV分析,确定其结构为β-桉叶油醇。     

木姜子叶精油的化学成分研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪对产于秦岭太白山的木姜子叶的挥发油成分进行分析鉴定,从分离出的79个峰中鉴定了32种成分,其含量占挥发油总量的90.59％,主要成分为1,3,3-三甲基-乙-氧杂双环[2,2,2]辛烷(59.96％),1,8-桉油醇(8.96％),香茅醛(6.86％),2-甲基-5-(1-甲基乙烯基)环己酮(4.34％)和澄花醇乙酯(3.19％)。     

羌活挥发油成分分析

从羌活、宽叶羌活的根茎及根中提取了挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用法分析挥发油的化学成分,共鉴定了136个成分(羌活78个成分、宽叶羌活58个成分),用气相色谱法测定了挥发油各成分的相对百分含量,其鉴定率分别达到94.90％和91.41％。     

福建产小鱼仙草挥发油的含量及其化学成分的研究

应用气相色谱－质谱－计算机联用系统对小鱼仙草（Mosla dianthera Maxim),挥发油的化学成分进行研究,以SE－54石英毛细管柱分离出43个峰,用GC／MS鉴定出39个成分,其主要成分为百里香酚（37．15％）,香荆芥酚（14．85％）,丁香烯（5．75％）,芳樟醇（5．40％）,檀香烯（4．12％）,律草烯（3．61％）,香桧醇（2．87％）等,占总挥发油的98．40％,又应用气相色谱归一化法计算了各化学成分含量。     

湖北栀子花挥发油的GC/MS分析

利用水蒸气蒸馏法从湖北栀子花鲜花中提取栀花挥发油。通过ＤＢ－５弹性石英毛细管柱ＧＣ／ＭＳ分析所得栀子花挥发油,共鉴定了４０个化合物并测定了其相对含量。湖北子发挥发油的主要成分为芳樟醇（１７．９２％）,茉莉内酯（９．１１％）和惕各酸顺－３－己烯酯（６．５４％）。     

Chemical Constituents of Essential Oil of Two Varieties of Artemisia dubia Wall. ex Bess.

The essential oil of Artemisia dubia var. dubia and dubia var. subdigitata were analysed by GCMS and a tatal of 82 compounds including 50 terpenoids, 12 aromatics and 20 aliphatics were identified, among which variety dubia and var. subdigitata contained 54 and 67 compounds respectivey. Comparative studies indicate that 39 compounds (27 terpenoids, 5 aromatics and 7 aliphatics) were shared by the two varieties. The difference in constituents of essential oil between the two varieties is that more types of biocyclic and tricyclic sesquiterpenes, aromatics and aliphatics were shown inA. Dubia var. subdigitata than A. dubia var. dubia. Compositionally, the terpenoids in essential oil of the two varieties were endowed with a higher degree of cyclization than those of the species from Subgen. Artemisia, but similar to those of the species from Subgen. Dracunculus. Thus the assignment of the two varieties in Subgen. Dracunculus was consistent with the phylogeny of the genus Artemisia.     

毛冬瓜根挥发油化学成分分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取,运用毛细管气相色谱/质谱联用法首次对毛冬瓜根挥发油化学成分进行了分析研究,确认了其中的49种化合物,用气相色谱面积归一法测定各组分的相对百分含量.在分离出的主要挥发性成分中含有烃类(22.26%)、醛酮类(8.52%)、醇类(45.38%)、酚类(1.08%)、羧酸类(7.69%)、酯类(7.18%)、杂环类(2.72%)和环氧类(3.39%)等8大类.在主要成分中以萜类化合物为主(62.20%),包括5种单萜(5.29%)和17种倍半萜(56.91%).其中多种成分为已知药用成分,为进一步评价其质量和开发新药提供了基础数据.     

牛尾蒿两变种精油的化学成分

本文以气相色谱质谱计算机联用的方法分析了牛尾蒿原变种Artemisia dubia var. dubia及无毛变种B A. dubia var. subdigitata精油化学成分,共鉴定出82种化合物,其中萜类50种,芳香类12种,脂肪族类20种。经比较研究表明,这两变种的精油中有39种化合物(27 种萜类,5种芳香类和7种脂肪族类化合物)相同,而它们的差别在于牛尾蒿无毛变种中二环、三环倍半萜、芳香类及脂肪族类化合物的类型比原变种多。从精油的萜类化学组成特点来看,这两个变种的萜类化合物环化程度比蒿亚属植物高,而与龙蒿亚属植物相近。因此,这两个变种归属于龙蒿亚属较合适。     

Effect of growing region on quality characteristics and phenolic compounds of chemlali extra-virgin olive oils

The present work aims at the characterizing chemlali extra-virgin olive oils from different locations in northern, central and southern Tunisia in terms of their quality indices, fatty acids, sterol content, phenolic composition and sensory profiles to show the classification of oil samples according to the geographical area. The majority of the analytical parameters have presented statistically significant differences (p < 0.05). The main sterols found in all chemlali olive oils were β-sitosterol, ?-5-avenasterol, campesterol and stigmasterol. The phenolic compounds present in five olive oil samples were analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method, thus identifying 16 phenolic compounds belonging to different phenolic types. The results have shown no qualitative differences in the phenolic fractions among extra-virgin olive oils from different geographical regions. However, the quantitative differences were observed in a wide number of phenolic compounds. In all studied olive oil samples, secoiridoids were the most abundant, followed by lignans, phenolic alcohols and flavonoids, respectively. Although there is no significant influence on the sensory scores of oils, some slight changes in sensorial profiles were noted: slightly higher intensities of sensory characteristics that are pungent, fruity and bitter in chemlali olive oil from Hammamet and Gafsa.     

慈竹叶精油化学成分研究

首次报道了贵州省慈竹叶精油化学成分的研究。竹叶精油提取率为 0 2 %。用气相色谱 -质谱 (GC/MS)联用仪分离出 87个化合物 ,确认了其中 2 4个 ,主要芳香物质为C5～C8的含氧化合物。     

Volatile constituents of Capillipedium parviflorum

The essential oil of aerial parts of Capillipedium parviflorum (family Poaceae) was obtained by hydrodistillation in 0.4% yield on dry weight basis. The oil was analysed by capillary GC and GC-MS techniques. Two new compounds from plant source 4-nonanol 51.7% and 4-undecanone 23.5% predominated in the essential oil and were separated by column chromatography, identified and confirmed by 1H and 13C NMR. Thirty one compounds were identified from the essential oil accounting for 96% of total identifications.     

矮依兰油化学成份分析

采用色谱—质谱—计算机(GC/MS)联用分析仪对矮依兰油、高依兰油和进口依兰油的主要化学成份进行了鉴定,尽管它们的成份及其含量有较大差异,但其整体香气特征无明显的差异,均可用作调香原料。     

Interaction of air ions and bactericidal vapours to control micro-organisms

AIMS: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibacterial activity of candles containing specific-antibacterial compounds, such as essential oils and their constituent compounds. The importance of the ionization products from the flame and the aerial concentration of the volatile compounds were investigated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Agar plates inoculated with Escherichia coli (DH5alpha) or Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC strain number 8532) were exposed in a large air-tight chamber to candle flames combined with the volatile bactericidal compounds beta-pinene and orange oil. A steady decline in E. coli numbers was observed over time because of the effect of a candle flame. This was significantly increased by the addition of volatile oils. The number of S. aureus colonies was not reduced by a plain candle, but significant reductions were caused following exposure to beta-pinene and orange oil candles. As aerial concentration of the volatiles was increased the viability of E. coli and S. aureus declined. Ionization products from the flame made a significant contribution to the observed effects, as intercepting the ions on a grounded grid over the agar plates allowed at least 20% more cells to survive. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates the antibacterial properties of ionization products from a candle flame, and that this effect can be significantly increased by the addition of specific-antibacterial compounds, such as orange oil and beta-pinene. The role of both the ionization products from the candle flame and the concentration of volatile compounds released are important to the effect. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The technique described here offers a new and novel technique for reducing the concentration of bacteria on surfaces.     

Biotransformation and Dissolution of Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Natural Flowing Seawater at Low Temperature

The objective of this study was to establish methods for controlled studies of hydrocarbon depletion from thin oil films in cold natural seawater, and to determine biotransformation in relation to other essential depletion processes. Mineral oil was immobilized on the surface of hydrophobic Fluortex fabrics and used for studies of microbial biodegradation in an experimental seawater flow-through system at low temperatures (5.9-7.4 degrees C) during a test period of 42 days. The seawater was collected from a depth of 90 m, and microbial characterization by epifluorescence microscopy, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and most-probable number analysis showed relatively larger fractions of archaea and oil-degrading microbes than in the corresponding surface water. Chemical analysis of hydrocarbons attached to the fabrics during the test period showed that n-alkanes (C10-C36) were decreased by 98% after 21 days, while naphthalenes were depleted by 99-100% during the same period. At the end of the period 4-5 ring polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) compounds were removed by 82% from the fabrics. Analysis of the recalcitrant pentacyclic triterpane C30 17alpha(H),21beta(H)-hopane showed that the oil remained adsorbed to the fabrics during the test period. Comparison of depletion analysis with calculation of hydrocarbon dissolution in a flow-through system indicated that naphthalenes and smaller PAH compounds (alkylated 2-ring and 3-ring compounds) were removed from the fabrics by dissolution. The data further implied that depletion of n-alkanes and 4-5 ring PAH hydrocarbons were the result of biotransformation processes. PCR amplification of bacterial 16S rRNA genes from microbes adhering on the immobilized oil surfaces showed the dominance of a few bands when analysed in denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Sequence analysis of DGGE bands revealed phylogenetic affiliation to the alpha- and gamma-subdivisions of proteobacteria and to the Chloroflexus-Flavobacterium-Bacteroides group.