阿奇霉素联合糖皮质激素治疗重症支原体肺炎患儿的临床效果分析

目的:分析阿奇霉素联合糖皮质激素治疗重症支原体肺炎患儿的临床效果及安全性。方法:选择112例重症支原体肺炎患儿并通过抽签法分为对照组与观察组,每组各56例。对照组予以阿奇霉素治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用糖皮质激素治疗。观察并比较两组患儿治疗前后血沉(ESR)、血清乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)、同工酶MB(CK-MB)、肌酸激酶(CK)、谷草转氨酶(AST)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)水平、CD4~+及CD8~+,临床疗效及不良反应的发生情况。结果:观察组有效率为96.4%,显著高于对照组(82.1%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,两组ESR、血清LDH、CK-MB、CK、AST、CRP、IL-6、TNF-α水平及CD8~+均较治疗前显著降低,且观察组以上指标均明显低于对照组;两组CD4~+均较治疗前明显上升,且观察组显著高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。观察组退热、咳嗽缓解、肺部湿啰音消失时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应的发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:阿奇霉素联合糖皮质激素治疗小儿重症支原体肺炎的临床效果明显优于单用阿奇霉素治疗,可有效减轻心肌损伤和炎症反应,并提高患儿免疫功能,且安全性高。     

儿童难治性肺炎支原体肺炎的危险因素及甲泼尼龙治疗的最佳剂量探讨

摘要 目的：分析儿童难治性肺炎支原体肺炎（RMPP）发生的危险因素,并探讨甲泼尼龙治疗的最佳剂量。方法：选择2018年7月~2021年8月期间我院收治的肺炎支原体肺炎（MPP）患儿183例。根据病情程度的不同将患儿分为普通肺炎支原体肺炎（GMPP）组（n=90）和RMPP组（n=93）,构建多因素Logistic回归方程分析儿童RMPP发生的危险因素。RMPP患儿均在常规治疗基础上应用甲泼尼龙治疗,并按照给药剂量的不同分为低剂量组[2 mg/（kg?d）]、中剂量组[3 mg/（kg?d）]和高剂量组[4 mg/（kg?d）],每组各31例,对比三组的疗效、临床症状消失时间和不良反应发生情况。结果：单因素分析结果显示：RMPP组发热天数长于GMPP组,特异性体质、肺外并发症患儿比例以及中性粒细胞百分比、降钙素原（PCT）、C反应蛋白（CRP）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）水平高于GMPP组,淋巴细胞百分比低于GMPP组（P<0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示：发热天数≥10 d、特异性体质、有肺外并发症、CRP≥24 mg/L、LDH≥250 IU/L、IL-6≥17 pg/mL是RMPP发生的危险因素（P<0.05）。高剂量组的临床总有效率高于中剂量组、低剂量组（P<0.05）,但中剂量组与低剂量组间临床总有效率无统计学差异（P>0.05）。高剂量组和中剂量组的咳嗽消失时间、体温恢复正常时间、肺部啰音消失时间和住院时间均短于低剂量组,且高剂量组上述时间均短于中剂量组（P<0.05）。低中高剂量三组间不良反应发生率比较无统计学差异（P>0.05）。结论：儿童RMPP的发生受到发热天数、特异性体质、肺外并发症以及CRP、LDH、IL-6水平等因素影响。应用4 mg/（kg?d）剂量甲泼尼龙治疗儿童RMPP疗效较好,可明显缩短患儿临床症状消失时间。     

高渗盐水雾化吸入治疗儿童支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作及对其T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1、Th2型细胞因子的影响

目的:探讨高渗盐水雾化吸入治疗儿童支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作的临床疗效及对其T淋巴细胞亚群及Th1、Th2型细胞因子的影响。方法:选取我院2015年6月到2017年6月间收治的支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作患儿100例为研究对象。随机分为对照组和观察组,各50例。两组均给予吸氧、抗生素、维持酸碱度、电解质平衡及相应症状等对症治疗,对照组给予生理盐水结合沙丁胺醇进行雾化治疗,观察组采用3%高渗盐水结合沙丁胺醇进行雾化治疗,比较两组患儿发热、咳嗽、肺内啰音、咽部肿痒等症状消失时间及临床疗效;比较两组治疗前后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IFN-γ及IL-4水平情况。结果:观察组患儿发热、咳嗽、肺内啰音、咽部肿痒等临床症状消失时间显著早于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组总有效率96.00%明显高于对照组80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);两组患儿治疗前CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IFN-γ及IL-4水平比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及IFN-γ水平均明显升高,CD8~+及IL-4水平明显降低,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);且观察组治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及IFN-γ水平均明显高于对照组,CD8~+及IL-4水平明显低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:高渗盐水雾化吸入能够显著改善支原体肺炎继发哮喘发作患儿临床症状,提高CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+及Th1水平,抑制CD8~+及Th2水平,临床疗效确切,值得临床推广应用。     

醒脑静注射液对老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者血清TNF-alpha、CRP水平及免疫 功能的影响

目的：探讨醒脑静注射液对老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-alpha(TNF-alpha)、C- 反应蛋白(CRP)水平及免疫功能影 响。方法：收集我院收治的老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者80例,随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组予阿奇霉素治疗,实验组在对照组 基础上加用醒脑静注射液。分别于治疗前、治疗后测定和比较两组血清TNF-alpha、CRP、CD3+、CD4+、CD8+水平,并对比较两组患者 咳嗽、头痛、发热等症状及X 线检查肺部阴影消失时间。结果：①治疗后,两组患者血清TNF-alpha、CRP水平均下降,实验组比对照组 下降更明显;CD3+、CD4+均上升,CD8+均下降,实验组较对照组上升及下降均更明显,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05);②治疗后,实 验组咳嗽、头痛、X 线肺部阴影等各症状及体征消失时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论：醒脑静注射液可 显著降低老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者血清TNF-alpha、CRP水平,调节机体细胞免疫功能,显著改善患者的症状及体征。     

醒脑静注射液对老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨醒脑静注射液对老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者血清肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、C-反应蛋白(CRP)水平及免疫功能影响。方法:收集我院收治的老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者80例,随机分为实验组和对照组。对照组予阿奇霉素治疗,实验组在对照组基础上加用醒脑静注射液。分别于治疗前、治疗后测定和比较两组血清TNF-α、CRP、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+水平,并对比较两组患者咳嗽、头痛、发热等症状及X线检查肺部阴影消失时间。结果:1治疗后,两组患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平均下降,实验组比对照组下降更明显;CD3~+、CD4~+均上升,CD8~+均下降,实验组较对照组上升及下降均更明显,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2治疗后,实验组咳嗽、头痛、X线肺部阴影等各症状及体征消失时间均明显短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:醒脑静注射液可显著降低老年肺炎支原体肺炎患者血清TNF-α、CRP水平,调节机体细胞免疫功能,显著改善患者的症状及体征。     

氯雷他定对急性支气管炎患儿免疫功能及炎症反应的影响

目的:分析氯雷他定对急性支气管炎患儿免疫功能及炎症反应的影响。方法:收集我院收治的急性支气管炎患儿100例,将其随机分为对照组与观察组,每组50例。对照组患儿给予常规治疗;观察组患儿给予常规治疗联合氯雷他定治疗。比较两组患儿治疗前后动脉氧分压(PaO_2)、二氧化碳分压(PaCO_2)、CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、血清降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)及白介素-6(IL-6)水平的变化。结果:治疗后,观察组患儿PaO_2水平明显高于对照组,PaCO_2水平明显低于对照组(P0.05);两组患儿细胞免疫及体液免疫水平较治疗前比较均显著升高(P0.05),且观察组患儿CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+、IgA、IgG及IgM水平明显高于对照组患儿(P0.05)。治疗后,两组患儿血清中PCT、CRP及IL-6水平均较治疗前显著降低,且观察组患儿上述炎症因子水平明显低于对照组患儿(P0.05)。结论:氯雷他定治疗小儿急性支气管炎可显著提高患儿的免疫功能,抑制炎症因子释放,缓解炎症反应,临床效果显著。     

小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素对肺炎支原体肺炎患儿肺功能和炎性因子的影响

目的:探讨小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素对肺炎支原体肺炎患儿肺功能和炎性因子的影响。方法:选取2016年1月～2017年12月期间我院收治的175例肺炎支原体肺炎患儿,根据随机数字表法将其分为对照组(n=87,阿奇霉素治疗)和研究组(n=88,小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素治疗),比较两组患儿临床疗效、临床症状消失时间、肺功能指标[第1s用力呼气容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC]、炎性因子指标[肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-6(IL-6)、C反应蛋白(CRP)],记录两组患儿不良反应发生情况。结果:研究组患儿治疗后临床总有效率为94.32%(83/88),高于对照组患儿的80.46%(70/87)(P0.05)。研究组患儿咳嗽、发热、湿啰音、哮鸣音的消失时间均短于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗后FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗后IL-6、CRP、TNF-α水平均降低,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿不良反应发生率对比无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:小儿肺热咳喘口服液联合阿奇霉素治疗肺炎支原体肺炎患儿的疗效优于单用阿奇霉素,且可有效改善患儿肺功能和炎性因子水平,快速缓解临床症状,促进患儿恢复。     

肺炎支原体肺炎患儿发生心血管系统损害的危险因素分析

目的:探讨肺炎支原体肺炎(MPP)患儿并发心血管系统损害的危险因素。方法:选取我院收治的241例MPP患儿为研究对象,收集患儿入院时的一般临床资料及实验室检查指标,按照是否并发心血管系统损害将患儿分为两组:心血管损害组和非心血管损害组,比较两组相关指标的差异,并对相关危险因素进行Logistic回归分析。结果:241例MPP患儿中有51例发生心血管系统损害(发生率21.2%);单因素分析提示:两组在年龄、急性期MP-Ab、胸腔积液、热程、血沉(ESR)、血清C反应蛋白(CRP)、白细胞计数(WBC)、血清CD4+/CD8+比值、发病7 d内应用大环内酯类药物、发病10 d内用药糖皮质激素存在统计学差异(P0.05);二分类非条件Logistic回归分析提示:年龄、热程、胸腔积液、CRP是MPP患儿发生心血管系统损害的独立危险因素(P0.05);血清CD4+/CD8+比值、发病7 d内应用大环内酯类药物则为保护性因素。结论:年龄、热程、胸腔积液、CRP是MPP患儿发生心血管系统损害的独立危险因素,而早期应用大环内酯类药物、及高CD4+/CD8+比值则为保护性因素,应当引起临床注意。     

康复新液与甲泼尼龙治疗重症手足口病的临床疗效及对患儿免疫功能的影响*

目的:探讨康复新液与甲泼尼龙联合治疗重症手足口病疗效及对生化指标的影响。方法:选自2014年1月~2015年12月我院收治的重症手足口病患儿94例,随机分为观察组与对照组,每组47例。对照组采用甲泼尼龙治疗,观察组在对照组基础上结合康复新液治疗。观察并比较两组的治疗疗效、症状体征消退时间,心肌酶和免疫功能水平的变化情况,以及不良反应。结果:观察组总有效率(93.62%)高于对照组(72.34%)(P0.05);观察组体温恢复正常、口腔溃疡愈合时间、手足皮疹消退时间优于对照组(P0.05);两组肌磷酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶水平治疗后明显降低(P0.05);观察组肌磷酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶水平治疗后低于对照组(P0.05);两组免疫球蛋白A(Immunoglobulin A,IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(Immunoglobulin G,IgG)水平治疗后明显增加(P0.05),而免疫球蛋白M(Immunoglobulin M,IgM)水平治疗前后比较无统计学差异(P0.05);观察组IgA、IgG水平治疗后高于对照组(P0.05);两组均未见严重不良反应。结论:康复新液与甲泼尼龙联合治疗重症手足口病疗效显著,可降低患儿心肌酶指标,提高患儿免疫功能,且安全性良好。     

肺炎支原体肺炎患儿血清维生素A和维生素E营养状况

目的：探讨与研究肺炎支原体肺炎患儿机体维生素A和维生素E营养状况水平和临床意义。方法：选择就诊于我院的肺炎支原体肺炎患儿共100例作为观察组,同期就诊于我院的非肺炎支原体肺炎患儿为对照组,分析比较两组患儿的维生素A和维生素E营养状况及临床治疗指标。结果：观察组患儿出现维生素A和维生素E缺乏情况明显高于对照组比率,患儿血清维生素A和维生素E显著低于对照组,差异显著（P＜0.05）;观察组患儿的咳嗽消失时间、平均住院时长和住院费用显著高于对照组,观察组CRP水平明显高于对照组（P＜0.05）;观察组组内分析,维生素A、维生素E缺乏患儿的咳嗽消失时间、平均住院时长和住院费用明显高于对照组,CRP水平高于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：肺炎支原体肺炎患儿血清维生素A和维生素E水平多处于缺乏状况,可引起临床住院时间延长和费用增加,临床应注意监测以促进患儿康复。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.