氮、磷、铁对三角褐指藻诱变株生长、总脂及脂肪酸的影响

为了优化微藻培养条件,采用单因子试验研究了不同氮浓度(5、10、15、20、25、30和35 mg·L~(-1))、不同磷浓度(0.5、1.0、1.5、2.0、2.5、3.0和3.5 mg·L~(-1))、不同铁源(Fe Cl3、Fe C6H5O7和Fe SO4)和铁浓度(0、0.10、0.25、0.50和1.00 mg·L~(-1))对三角褐指藻紫外诱变株MP-2的影响。结果表明:氮、磷、铁对MP-2的生长、总脂含量和脂肪酸组成影响显著(P0.05);MP-2生长最适氮浓度为20 mg·L~(-1),其生长速率K值和生物量分别为(0.384±0.004)和(0.25±0.01)g·L~(-1),氮浓度为30 mg·L~(-1)时总脂积累量最高(26.51±1.96)%,氮浓度25 mg·L~(-1)时PUFA积累最高[(37.78±0.35)%];MP-2生长最适磷浓度为2.5 mg·L~(-1),生长速率K值和生物量分别为(0.305±0.010)和(0.28±0.02)g·L~(-1),磷浓度1.0 mg·L~(-1)时总脂积累量最高[(21.79±0.89)%],磷浓度为2.5 mg·L~(-1)时PUFA积累最高[(39.33±0.38)%];Fe SO4为铁源时生长最佳,显著优于其余各组(P0.05),生长最适铁浓度为0.50 mg·L~(-1),生长速率K值和生物量分别为(0.495±0.006)和(0.87±0.04)g·L~(-1),铁浓度0.25 mg·L~(-1)时总脂积累量最高[(28.86±0.50)%],铁浓度1.0mg·L~(-1)时PUFA积累最高[(41.73±0.42)%]。由此可见,MP-2生长、总脂和PUFA积累所需的氮、磷、铁需求量不同,在生产性培养时最好采用二次培养。     

绒毛白蜡体胚诱导和植株再生

该文探讨了基本培养基、外植体、培养条件以及植物生长调节剂配比对绒毛白蜡(Fraxinus velutina)体胚诱导的影响。结果表明,胚根是诱导体胚发生的最佳外植体;体胚诱导的最适培养基为改良MS+2 mg·L~(–1) 6-BA+0.1 mg·L~(–1) NAA、30g·L~(–1)蔗糖、5.0 g·L~(–1)琼脂;暗培养20天后进行光照培养(14小时光照/10小时黑暗),光密度为100~(–1)20μmol·m~(–2)·s~(–1),昼温度(25±2)°C,夜温度(18±2)°C;成功诱导出体细胞胚并获得再生植株,体胚诱导率可达59.8%,体胚萌发率达81.2%。壮苗最适培养基为改良WPM+0.5 mg·L~(–1) 6-BA+0.2 mg·L~(–1) ZT+0.01 mg·L~(–1) NAA。生根最适培养基为改良1/2MS+1.0 mg·L~(–1)IBA+0.05 mg·L~(–1) NAA+20 g·L~(–1)蔗糖,生根率高达97.3%,试管苗移栽成活率达97.8%。     

植物凝胶和蔗糖对橡胶树体胚植株再生的影响

为了筛选巴西橡胶体胚植株最为适合的植物凝胶和蔗糖用量,该研究以巴西橡胶树无性系热研7-33-97成熟体细胞双子叶次生胚状体为材料,以添加0.23μmol·L~(-1)KT,0.11μmol·L~(-1)IAA和8.7μmol·L~(-1)GA3的MS培养基为植株再生培养基,研究了添加不同用量的植物凝胶和蔗糖对巴西橡胶树体胚植株再生和生长的影响。结果表明:在橡胶树体细胞胚植株再生培养基中,不同用量的植物凝胶对植株再生频率和植株生长状况有显著影响,较低浓度(0~1 g·L~(-1))时,随着用量增加,植株再生频率提高,但较高浓度(1~4 g·L~(-1))时,随着用量增加,植株生长受到抑制。植物凝胶添加1 g·L~(-1)时植株生长最好,植株再生率为(86.4±5.7)%,株高5 cm以上的占(53±9.4)%,带叶植株为(81.7±3)%;而蔗糖对植株再生频率影响不显著,但对再生植株生长的影响显著,低蔗糖(20~30 g·L~(-1))时促进植株抽叶但抑制茎干伸长,高蔗糖(70~80 g·L~(-1))时显著抑制抽叶但促进茎干伸长。蔗糖添加50 g·L~(-1)时植株生长最好,株高5 cm以上的占(57.6±5.4)%,株高5 cm以上带叶植株占(46.3±12.3)%,均为最高且从外观来看,在50 g·L~(-1)时植株茎干和根都较为粗壮。因此,在橡胶树体细胞胚植株再生培养基中,植物凝胶和蔗糖最佳用量分别为1 g·L~(-1)和50 g·L~(-1)。     

大花蕙兰高频再生体系的研究

以大花蕙兰无菌苗假球茎为材料诱导丛生芽。适宜诱导的培养基为MS 6.4g·L~(-1)琼脂 0.5%活性炭 2.0mg·L~(-1)6- BA 0.1mg·L~(-1)NAA 30g·L~(-1)蔗糖。其芽长至2～3cm时,转入生根培养基,适宜的生根培养基为MS 6.4g·L~(-1)琼脂 0.2mg·L~(-1)6-BA 0.5mg·L~(-1)NAA 0.5mg·L~(-1)生根粉(ABT),生根率为100%。根长2～4cm时炼苗移栽,成活率可达95%。     

塔杨松散型均质胚性愈伤组织培养体系

为了获得塔杨(Populus×canadensis Moench‘Tower’)松散型、均质、胚性愈伤组织(LHEC),以塔杨试管苗叶片为外植体,通过不同浓度激素(BA、KT、2,4-D)、蔗糖和无机盐处理,建立了松散型愈伤组织(LC)诱导—继代培养—胚性愈伤诱导的高效体系。结果显示:塔杨叶片在低蔗糖和低无机盐(1/4MS+2 mg·L~(-1)2,4-D+1mg·L~(-1)BA+10 g·L~(-1))的培养基上培养可以诱导出完全的LC(诱导率100%)。LC在继代培养基(MS+2.0mg·L~(-1)2,4-D+2.0 mg·L~(-1)BA+Vc100 mg·L~(-1)+30 g·L~(-1))上进行2~3次转接后,再转移到LHEC培养基(MS+0.5 mg·L~(-1)2,4-D+3 mg·L~(-1)BA+Vc100 mg·L~(-1)+40 g·L~(-1)蔗糖)上培养4~5周(每7天转接1次),即可诱导出具有许多球状体(原胚状体)的松散型胚性愈伤组织。此外,适当的2,4-D与BA浓度比例,可以使LC保持细胞的松散特性、不形成根、无褐变,生长快;含有30 g·L~(-1)蔗糖的培养基利于LC生长和LHEC的形成;维生素C能较好的抑制继代培养中的褐变;BA有利于形成LC,而KT有利于紧密型愈伤组织的形成,同时BA处理的愈伤组织生长较KT处理的快;当2,4-D浓度为0.5~1 mg·L~(-1)时,随着BA浓度的增加,LHEC的数量也随之增加,当BA为3 mg·L~(-1)时,LHEC数量达到最大值100%。本文还对影响愈伤组织胚性化的主要因素进行了讨论。提出的各项建议对均质胚性愈伤组织LHEC的培养有重要的指导意义。     

西伯利亚白刺的组织培养与快速繁殖

1植物名称西伯利亚白刺(Nitraria sibirica Pall.),别名小果白刺。2材料类别带腋芽的茎段。3培养条件基本培养基为MS。(1)MS 6-BA 2.0 mg·L~(-1)。(单位下同) NAA 0.5;(2)MS 6-BA 1.0 NAA 0.2;(3)1/2MS IBA 0.5。以上培养基均添加0.7%琼脂粉,蔗糖均为26 g·L~(-1),pH 5.8～6.0。培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照时间14h·d~(-1),光照强度为36～40μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。     

对称性肢端角化病临床研究-附9例报道

目的:报道一组以肢端出现对称性、棕褐色、角化过度性斑片病例,探讨发病原因和治疗方法。方法:系统收集自2012年10月至2016年6月期间诊疗的以对称性肢端角化性皮损为表现的9例患者的临床资料,包括年龄、性别、职业、家族成员情况、临床表现、皮损组织病理学改变、治疗、治疗转归等。结果:9例患者中男8例,女1例,平均年龄27.4岁(13~43岁),病程2个月至15年,平均(4.5±4.3)年。有1例男性患者有一同胞姐姐有类似病史。临床主要表现为红褐色角化性斑片,每年7、8月开始发病,10月左右开始缓解并渐完全消退。部分手部有轻度瘙痒不适。皮肤组织病理学检查表现为明显的网篮状角化过度,轻度乳头瘤样增生,真皮浅层血管周围稀疏淋巴细胞浸润。1例用异维A酸治疗短期有效。结论:对称性肢端角化病主要以肢端出现对称性角化斑为主,常伴随寻常型鱼鳞病;遗传因素和环境因素在发病中的作用有待阐述;异维A酸可作为一种治疗选择。     

重组人干扰素α-2b注射液雾化吸入与重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂局部外用喷咽部治疗手足口病的疗效

目的:探讨重组人干扰素α-2b注射液雾化吸入与重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂局部外用喷咽部治疗手足口病的疗效。方法:选择2016年1月至2017年12月就诊于河北省儿童医院的160例手足口病患儿作为研究对象,通过随机数表法分为对照组和试验组,每组80例。2组均给予手足口病常规治疗措施,对照组在此常规治疗基础上给予重组人干扰素α-2b喷雾剂治疗,喷涂于咽喉部,每次1喷,3次/d,试验组在常规治疗基础上,给予重组人干扰素α-2b注射液10万U(kg·次)加入生理盐水2 m L中进行雾化吸入治疗,2次/d;2组疗程均为3～5d。比较2组临床疗效、临床症状改善时间、血清指标及不良反应。结果:治疗后,试验组和对照组临床疗效总有效率分别为91.25%(73/80)和76.25%(61/80),差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);试验组和对照组体温正常时间分别为(2.78±0.42)和(4.13±0.58)d,皮疹消退时间分别为(3.53±0.55)和(5.05±0.63)d,口腔溃疡愈合时间分别为(3.35±0.58)和(4.80±0.58)d,正常进食时间分别为(3.91±0.58)和(4.98±0.50)d,住院时间分别为(5.91±0.92)和(8.14±0.81)d,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后,试验组和对照组血清淀粉样蛋白A(SAA)分别为(133.43±25.74)和(178.53±26.96)mg·L~(-1),C反应蛋白(CRP)分别为(4.75±0.71)和(8.54±1.29)mg·L~(-1),差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗期间,对照组出现恶心呕吐5例,皮疹1例,试验组出现7例恶心呕吐,2例腹泻,2组不良反应总发生率分别为7.50(6/80)、11.25%(9/80),比较无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:在手足口病患儿中使用重组人干扰素α-2b注射液雾化吸入效果显著,可有效促进疾病缓解,且用药安全性高,值得应用推广。     

粉叶复叶槭的组织培养和快速繁殖

1植物名称粉叶复叶槭(Acer negundo Linn‘Flamingo’)。2材料类别嫩茎段。3培养条件(1)启动培养基:WPM 6-BA 0.1 mg·L~(-1)(单位下同) 3%蔗糖;(2)增殖生根培养基:WPM 6-BA 0.02 NAA 0.05 3%蔗糖。以上培养基均加0.5%琼脂,pH 5.8。培养温度为(25±2)℃,光照12h·d~(-1),光照强度为54μmol·m~(-12)·s~(-1)。     

抗氧化剂和吸附剂对槲蕨外植体中几种与褐化有关生理指标的影响

槲蕨[Drynaria,fortunei(Kze)J.Sm.]采自本校校园。取其幼嫩走茎,去除表皮后,用自来水冲洗干净。在超净工作台上先用70%乙醇浸泡30 S,再用0.1%HgCl_2,表面消毒4min,用无菌水冲洗5～6次后,接种在以下培养基中:(1)MS(对照);(2)MS 10mg·L~(-1)抗坏血酸(VC);(3)MS 1000 mg·L~(-1)聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP);(4)MS 1000mg·L~(-1)活性炭(AC)。各培养基均加入1mg·L~(-1)6-BA、0.2 mg·L~(-1)NAA、3%蔗糖和0.8%琼脂。每种培养基接种18瓶。培养温度(25±2)℃,每天光照12 h,光照强度20～40μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。培养1、3、     

Effects of 2‐phenoxyethanol anaesthesia on juvenile meagre (Argyrosomus regius)

This study was performed to evaluate the effective concentration of the anaesthetic 2‐phenoxyethanol (2‐PE) on juvenile (1.3 ± 0.03 g) meagre (Argyrosomus regius, Asso, 1801) and establish the LC₅₀ (through a series of exposure concentrations) and LT₅₀ of 2‐PE at 20 ± 0.5°C, salinity 38 g × L^?1, pH 8.2–8.4 and dissolved oxygen >7 mg × L^?1. The induction time decreased and the recovery time increased with increasing concentrations. Conflicting results were found only in recovery time and there were no significant differences among the recovery times from all concentrations. The most suitable concentration of 2‐PE was 0.3 ml × L^?1 for about or over 15 min exposure time. The LC₅₀ and LT₅₀ for the 3–60 min exposure periods were estimated for juvenile meagre. The toxic effect of 2‐PE on survival rates of A. regius juveniles increased depending on the exposure period. In addition, 2‐phenoxyethanol LT₅₀ (median survival time) values, slope function (S) and lower and upper 95% confidence limits were estimated.     

Synthesis,characterization and nucleic acid binding studies of mononuclear copper(II) complexes derived from azo containing O,O donor ligands

Abstract

Azo linked salicyldehyde and a new 2-hydroxy acetophenone based ligands (HL¹ and HL²) with their copper(II) complexes [Cu(L¹)₂] (1) and [Cu(L²)₂] (2) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic methods such as ¹H, 13C NMR, UV–Vis spectroscopy and elemental analyses. Calculation based on Density Functional Theory (DFT), have been performed to obtain optimized structures. Binding studies of these copper (II) complexes with calf thymus DNA (ct-DNA) and torula yeast RNA (t-RNA) were analyzed by absorption spectra, emission spectra and Viscosity studies and Molecular Docking techniques. The absorption spectral study indicated that the copper(II) complexes of 1 and 2 had intrinsic binding constants with DNA or RNA in the range of 7.6?±?0.2?×?10³?M^?1 or 6.5?±?0.3?×?10³M^?1 and 5.7?±?0.4?×?10⁴ M^?1 or 1.8?±?0.5?×?10³ M^?1 respectively. The synthesized compounds and nucleic acids were simulated by molecular docking to explore more details mode of interaction of the complexes and their orientations in the active site of the receptor.     

Monitoring and assessment of water quality in the Haraz River of Iran,using benthic macroinvertebrates indices

The objective of this study was to assess the relationship between river water quality and the distribution of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in the Haraz River in Iran. Using a surber net sampler, benthic macroinvertebrate communities along the stream was sampled in wet and dry seasons of 2015 at nine stations with three replications. The physicochemical water quality parameters were measured in the field by water checker. Hilsenhoff biotic Indices, Shannon Wiener Diversity Indices, Average Score per Taxon (ASPT) Index and Pielou Evenness Index were applied to carry out a biological assessment of water quality. A total of 3781 (spring 769, summer 1092, autumn 1095 and winter 825) benthic macroinvertebrate specimens belonging to 4 orders, 11 classes and 16 families were identified. The lowest number of taxa was recorded in spring while the highest was recorded in autumn. Station 9 had the lowest number of taxa while the highest number of taxa was recorded at station 3. The average values (±SD) of the water quality parameters were temperature 14.75?±?4.38 °C, pH 7.93?±?0.62, water flow 14.11?±?9.04 m³ s^?1, electric conductivity 532.75?±?161.35 μmohs cm^?1, total dissolved solids 296.61?±?76.21 mg L^?1, salinity 0.28?±?0.07 mg L^?1, turbidity 580.77?±?149.92 NTU and dissolved oxygen 8.08?±?0.75 mg L^?1. The assessment of stations 1 to 6 indicated that water quality conditions were suitable. In addition, substantial level of organic pollution was observed in stations 7 and 8. In station 9 water quality was fairly poor, requiring a more favourable management based on the capacity of the self-purification of the Haraz River.     

A rapid and economical sample pretreatment method using molecularly imprinted polymers for bioavailable content analyses of oxytetracycline in soils

Abstract

In order to analyze the bioavailable oxytetracycline (OTC) contents of soils, a new high-efficiency and economical pretreatment method was established using a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) with high affinity and specific selectivity for OTC synthesized by bulk polymerization. For comparison, an Oasis HLB solid phase extraction (SPE) method was used to measure the total extractable OTC content of soils. The resulting OTC recoveries from the spiked soil solutions using the MIP method ranged from 80.78±.26% to 93.75?±?6.79%, with an average of 86.00?±?2.13%, and a relative standard deviation of 2.48% (n= 5), when OTC concentrations in spiked soil solutions varied from 0.5 to 100.0?μg L^?1. When OTC contents in spiked soils varied from 1.0 to 500.0?μg kg^?1 and soils were aged for three weeks, OTC recoveries from spiked soils with the Oasis HLB SPE method ranged from 78.16?±?3.72% to 96.67?±?1.62% (n= 3), while those with the MIP method ranged from 57.43?±?3.48% to 76.34?±?1.30% (n= 3). Analyses of OTC contents in five soil samples indicated that bioavailable OTC contents were only 1.35%–5.87% of the total soil OTC contents. Data from the new method were more valuable than the Oasis HLB SPE method on OTC pollution intensity assessment, potential ecological, and environmental risks evaluation.     

Nutritional study of Kapparazii powderTM as a food ingredient

Kappaphycus alvarezii is one of the most important commercial sources of carrageenan. Red seaweeds are found in tropical areas, and K. alvarezii is famous for its high growth rate among other tropical red seaweeds. This study was conducted to produce Kapparazii powder^TM, a product comprised of high amount of carrageenan with valuable nutrients from K. alvarezii found in Sabah, Malaysia. Spray drying and an environmentally friendly process without using chemicals were employed to produce Kapparazii powder^TM. Physicochemical properties of Kapparazii powder^TM such as proximate composition (moisture, protein, lipid, ash, and crude fiber), mineral content, heavy metals, vitamins, amino acid, color, viscosity, gel strength, swelling capacity, and water and oil holding capacity were evaluated. Kapparazii powder^TM contained moisture (4.69?±?0.03 %), protein (5.11?±?0.02 %), lipid (1.00?±?0.02 %), ash (14.52?±?0.01 %), and crude fiber (0.93?±?0.02 %). Color analysis of Kapparazii powder^TM showed that lightness (L ^*)?=?89.51?±?0.02, redness (a ^*)?=??1.27?±?0.03, and yellowness (b^*)?=?5.49?±?0.02. The value of viscosity, gel strength, swelling capacity, and water and oil holding capacity of the Kapparazii powder^TM were 0.06?±?0.00 Pa.s, 82.77?±?3.66 gf, 100?±?0.00 mL.g^?1, 4.67?±?0.58 g.g^?1, and 5.11?±?0.36 g.g^?1, respectively. Moreover, Kapparazii powder^TM did not inhibit proliferation of L929 cells after 24 h of exposure at the highest concentration (2 mg.mL^?1). In conclusion, the Kapparazii powder^TM as a source of high nutrient hydrocolloid suggested on the point of healthy ingredient for food industry application.     

Effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron concentrations and salinity on lipid production in newly isolated strain of the tropical green microalga, Scenedesmus dimorphus KMITL

The fatty acid composition, the effect of different concentrations of nitrogen (16.5-344 mg ?L^?1), phosphorus (9–45 mg? L^?1), iron (9–45 mg? L^?1) and salinity levels (0–20 psu) on lipid production in the green microalga Scenedesmus dimorphus KMITL, a new strain isolated from a tropical country, Thailand, were studied. The alga was isolated from a freshwater fish pond, and cultured in Chlorella medium by varying one parameter at a time. The main fatty acid composition of this strain was C16–C18 (97.52 %) fatty acids. A high lipid content was observed in conditions of 16.5 mg? L^?1-N, or 22 mg ?L^?1-P, or 45 mg ?L^?1-Fe, or 5 psu salinity, which accumulated lipids to 20.3?±?0.4, 19.4?±?0.2, 24.7?±?0.5, and 14.3?±?0.2 % of algal biomass, respectively. Increasing lipid content and lipid productivity was noted when the alga was cultured under high iron concentration and high salinity, as well as under reduced phosphorus conditions, whereas nitrogen limitation only resulted in an increased lipid content.     

The synthesis of (Z)-4-oxo-4-(arylamino)but-2-enoic acids derivatives and determination of their inhibition properties against human carbonic anhydrase I and II isoenzymes

The synthesis of (Z)-4-oxo-4-(arylamino)but-2-enoic acid (4) derivatives containing structural characteristics that can be used for the synthesis of several active molecules, is presented. Some of the butenoic acid derivatives (4a, 4c, 4e, 4i, 4j, 4k) are synthesized following literature procedures and at the end of the reaction. In addition, structures of all synthesized derivatives (4a–4m) were determined by ¹H-NMR, ¹³C-NMR and IR spectroscopy. Carbonic anhydrase is a metalloenzyme involved in many crucial physiologic processes as it catalyzes a simple but fundamental reaction, the reversible hydration of carbon dioxide to bicarbonate and protons. Significant results were obtained by evaluating the enzyme inhibitory activities of these derivatives against human carbonic anhydrase hCA I and II isoenzymes (hCA I and II). Butenoic acid derivatives (4a–4m) strongly inhibited hCA I and II with K_is in the low nanomolar range of 1.85?±?0.58 to 5.04?±?1.46?nM against hCA I and in the range of 2.01?±?0.52 to 2.94?±?1.31?nM against hCA II.     

Performance of bioelectrochemical systems inoculated with Desmodesmus sp. A8 under different light sources

Light source can affect the stomata opening, photosynthesis process, and pigment content in microalgae cells. In this study, growth rate, chlorophyll a (chl a) content, and electrogenic capability of Desmodesmus sp. A8 were investigated under incandescent and fluorescent lamps. Growth rate, productivity, and chl a content of strain A8 exposed to incandescent light were recorded as 0.092 ± 0.010 day^?1, 0.019 ± 0.008 g L^?1 day^?1, and 15.10 ± 1.40 mg L^?1, which decreased to 0.086 ± 0.006 day^?1, 0.012 ± 0.004 g L^?1 day^?1, and 10.06 ± 1.59 mg L^?1, respectively, under fluorescent light. The stable current density of bioelectrochemical systems inculcated with strain A8 under incandescent and fluorescent lamps were 249.76 and 158.41 mA m^?2 at ?0.4 V vs. Ag/AgCl, coupling with dissolved oxygen within biofilm decreasing from 15.91 to 10.80 mg L^?1. This work demonstrated that illuminating microalgae under an incandescent lamp can improve biomass production and electrogenic capabilities.     

Sex differences in release of cardiac troponin T after endurance exercise

Context: Post-exercise cardiac troponin release has been extensively described in athletic groups but little attention has been given to any role of sex in mediating this phenomenon.

Objective: We compared the release of cardiac troponin T (cTnT) after endurance running in training-experience, biological-age and maturity-matched young male and female runners.

Materials and methods: Nineteen male (training history: 2.3?±?1.0?years; mean age: 16.1?±?1.2?years; Tanner stage: 3.7?±?0.6) and 19 female (training history: 2.2?±?1.0?years; mean age: 15.9?±?1.4?years; Tanner stage: 4.0?±?0.4) runners performed a 21?km run with “all-out” effort. Serum cTnT levels were assessed at pre-exercise (Pre-ex) and at 4?h post-exercise (Post-ex).

Results: At Pre-ex, cTnT concentrations were below the 99th percentile value (10?ng.l^?1) in 32/38 runners. Post-ex cTnT increased in all subjects but the response was substantially higher (p?<?0.05) in males [median (range): 210 (20–1360) ng.l^?1] than females [median (range): 80 (10–550) ng.l^?1]. At Post-ex, 95% (95% confidence interval: 75–99%) of males and 63% (95% confidence interval: 41–81%) of females (p?<?0.05) had cTnT concentrations above the cut-off for acute myocardial infarction.

Conclusions: The present data suggest that post-exercise cTnT elevation occurs in all runners but is augmented in young male compared to female athletes.     

Evaluation of growth and phycobiliprotein composition of cyanobacteria isolates cultivated in different nitrogen sources

Phycobiliproteins, light-harvesting pigments found in cyanobacteria and in some eukaryotic algae, have numerous commercial applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Colorant production from cyanobacteria offers advantages over their production from higher plants, as cyanobacteria have fast growth rate and high photosynthetic efficiency and require less space. In this study, three cyanobacteria strains were studied for phycobiliprotein production and the influence of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and ammonium chloride on the growth and phycobiliprotein composition of the strains were evaluated. In the batch culture period of 12 days, Phormidium sp. and Pseudoscillatoria sp. were able to utilize all tested nitrogen sources; however, ammonium chloride was the best nitrogen source for both strains to achieve maximum growth rate μ?=?0.284?±?0.03 and μ?=?0.274?±?0.13 day^?1, chlorophyll a 16.2?±? 0.5 and 12.2?±? 0.2 mg L^?1, and phycobiliprotein contents 19.38?±?0.09 and 19.99?±?0.14% of dry weight, whereas, for Arthrospira platensis, the highest growth rate of μ?=?0.304?±?0.0 day^?1, chlorophyll a 19.1?±?0.5 mg L^?1, and phycobiliprotein content of 22.27?±?0.21% of dry weight were achieved with sodium nitrate. The phycocyanin from the lyophilized cyanobacterial biomass was extracted using calcium chloride and food grade purity (A₆₂₀/A₂₈₀ ratio >?0.7) was achieved. Furthermore, phycocyanin was purified using two-step chromatographic method and the analytical grade purity (A₆₂₀/A₂₈₀ ratio >?4) was attained. SDS-PAGE demonstrated the purity and presence of two bands corresponding to α- and β-subunits of the C-phycocyanin. The results showed that Phormidium sp. and Pseudoscillatoria sp. could be good candidates for phycocyanin production.