利用改进的荧光染色法对宫颈涂片脱落细胞学诊断的探讨

吖啶橙（ａｃｒｉｄｉｎｅｏｒａｎｇｅ,简称ＡＯ）荧光染色法能显示细胞和病原微生物的形态结构及微生物的大小和分布,又能观察细胞内两种核酸（ＤＮＡ和ＲＮＡ）的含量变化,从而可以清楚地了解细胞的增生状态。根据细胞的形态学和细胞化学两方面的变化进行脱落细胞学观察,有利于较早期地发现癌细胞。本文应甩改进的ＡＯ荧光染色法对２０Ｄ００例宫颈涂片进行了脱落细胞学诊断,并对天津市各种妇科疾病所占的百分率进行了统计。该染色法染色结果稳定可靠、速度快、图象鲜明。     

多种特殊染色法在骨关节炎组织形态学研究中的应用比较

目的探讨多种特殊染色法在骨关节组织中的染色规律及其在骨关节炎形态学研究中的应用价值。方法 6月龄健康新西兰大白兔20只,随机分为正常组和造模组各10只,根据改良Hulth法造模,6周后膝关节取材。对标本固定、脱钙后进行石蜡包埋和切片。分别采用HE、番红-固绿、AB-PAS、甲苯胺蓝、Van Gieson染色和Mallory染色,观察骨关节组织的形态学变化,并对几种染色方法进行比较。结果 HE染色显示关节一般组织形态结构,可见模型组关节软骨和软骨下骨发生骨性关节炎病理变化;番红-固绿染色法中软骨和软骨下骨的界限（黏合线）以及潮线显示清晰,软骨基质中糖胺聚糖含量减少,纤维成分增多;AB-PAS染色显示骨关节炎软骨基质糖胺聚糖尤其是酸性糖胺聚糖含量减少;甲苯胺蓝染色显示骨关节炎软骨的酸性糖胺聚糖减少;Van Gieson染色和Mallory染色可显示骨关节组织中的胶原纤维,但组织结构界限不够清晰。结论在骨性关节炎的组织形态学研究中,通过常规HE染色,结合番红-固绿染色法和AB-PAS染色法,能较客观全面地获得关节组织形态学相关信息。     

一种放大凋亡细胞Giemsa染色法及其在抗癌药物研究中的应用

本文介绍了一种用甲醇、冰醋酸、水处理细胞再经Giemsa染色的方法,经该方法处理后,细胞体积增大,凋亡细胞形态尤其胞核结构在普通光学显微镜下非常清晰.采用高三尖杉酯碱诱导四种不同类型肿瘤细胞凋亡,经放大细胞Giemsa染色之后,可获得清晰的不同时期凋亡细胞形态学表现及动态变化特征.进一步用琼脂糖电泳法检测四种细胞的DNA降解程度,结果表明,这种放大细胞的方法比琼脂糖电泳法更适用于形成凋亡小体之前细胞形态学特征的分析,为抗癌药物及细胞凋亡的研究提供了一种直观、准确的方法.     

水螅的活体染色法

本文介绍一种简单易行的水螅活体染色法。水螅体放入一定浓度范围的亚甲基蓝和中性红染液中,经过一定时间,细胞染一颜色而被标记,通过观察着色情况的变化而指示出水螅细胞迁移的规律。对水螅其他方面如移植、嫁接等研究也有一定实用价值。詹纳斯绿染料用本法染色效果较差。     

酸奶中乳酸菌镜检涂片的特殊染色法

报道了酸奶中乳酸菌涂片的特殊染色法-甲苯胺蓝染色法。涂片固定后,用0．2％甲苯胺蓝染色液染色2min,然后,用1％乙酸溶液脱色数秒,即可使涂片中的菌体着奥蓝色,而背景呈现白色或无色,菌体形状十分清晰。即使涂片很厚且不均,也可清晰看到菌体。便于菌体细胞的计数,形态观察及摄影．     

一种检测早期凋亡细胞的方法

本文介绍了一种定量检测早期凋亡细胞的流式细胞术——Annexin V-PI双染色法,并作了一些改进。     

凋亡细胞的超微结构变化

细胞凋亡可用多种方法进行检测,但对其形态学特征的透射电镜观察是确定细胞凋亡的最可靠的方法。动植物细胞凋亡的形态学特征基本相似,细胞凋亡过程中突出的超微结构变化为细胞核染色质凝集成团块状或染色质边集,细胞质显空泡化,凋亡细胞发生碎裂,形成凋亡小体,同时伴有细胞器的改变。     

Mallory氏胰岛细胞染色法的改良

目的:为了更清晰地显示胰岛的A细胞、B细胞和D细胞。方法:zenker液固定,分别用苏木精-伊红和改良的Mallory氏法染色。结果:苏木精-伊红染色法,不易区分胰岛内三种细胞,而采用改良的Mallory氏染色方法,能够清晰地显示A细胞、B细胞和D细胞。结论:改良的Mallory氏染色法能够清楚的显示胰岛内三种细胞结构,为实验教学提供了优良的切片标本。     

芝加哥天蓝法在甲屑真菌检测中效果的评估

目的探讨芝加哥天蓝染色法对甲真菌病患者标本检测效果。方法收集皮肤科门诊确诊的甲真菌感染患者标本160例,同时用KOH湿片法、荧光染色法和芝加哥天蓝染色法对真菌进行镜下形态学观察,并比较真菌检出率。结果芝加哥天蓝染色法和荧光染色法对真菌的形态结构清晰易辨。芝加哥天蓝染色法、荧光染色法和KOH湿片法的检出率分别为60.6%、68.5%、47.5%;荧光染色法与芝加哥天蓝染色法的检出率结果比较差异无统计学意义(χ~2=0.176 2,P=0.674 0),芝加哥天蓝染色法和荧光染色法与KOH湿片法的结果比较差异有统计学意义(χ~2=102.012 9,P0.000 1;χ~2=57.010 3,P0.000 1)。结论如实验室没有荧光显微镜,芝加哥天蓝染色法检测甲真菌病患者标本效果较好。     

三种细菌鞭毛染色法的比较

三种细菌鞭毛染色法的比较济宁医学院２７２１１３刘昌平,陈恩华鞭毛是某些细菌的一种特殊结构,必须通过特殊的染色法,将纤细的鞭毛增粗染色后,才能在一般光学显微镜下观察到,但由于影响因素较多,直接鞭毛染色往往难获成功,为了获得一种实验教学较为满意的染色法,...     

Traditional natural dyeing using crotal

Although McWhorter¹ and later Rich² mentioned that trypan blue stained the nuclei of plant cells, their procedures were concerned with the demonstration of virus inclusions. The following method was developed and is presented with the emphasis on nuclear staining. The present author hopes that others will try it for comparison with the popular aceto-carmine and aceto-orcein methods.     

Reuse of reactive dyes for dyeing of jute fabric

The aim of the work was to find out suitable method of dyeing so that costly reactive dye can be reused without draining them. The bleached jute fabric was dyed with four different class of reactive dyes namely, cold brand, hot brand, vinyl sulphone and high exhaustion (HE) brand. It is found that the two-step two-bath method of reactive dyeing, where exhaustion and fixation step is separated, is most ideal for reuse of dye bath. Separate original samples produced K/S value same as that of original sample and the K/S value of separate reuse sample varied from 50% to 80% of the original sample depending on the class of dye. In case of same bath method, colour yield of original reuse samples varies from only 10% to maximum 30% of the original samples depending on the class of dyes. Reuse of reactive dyes following separate bath method is particularly suitable for higher depth of shade (4% and above). This process not only utilises costly reactive dyes to the maximum extent but it also produces low water pollution as the effluent contain minimum amount of dye. So the process is economic and eco-friendly as well.     

食用色素对菊花的染色效应

探讨6种食用色素对菊花的染色效应。结果表明,菊花对亮兰、柠檬黄适应性较好,其次为胭脂红、苋菜红,对葡萄紫、牛奶巧克力棕适应性较差。不同食用色素适宜的染色浓度和染色时间分别为亮蓝(6g/L、4h)、柠檬黄(6g/L、4h),胭脂红(12g/L、6h),苋菜红(9g/L、6h),葡萄紫(20g/L、8h),牛奶巧克力棕(20g/L、8h);适宜的pH值分别为6.6,10.9,10.9,10.2,10.3,10.4。切花开放程度大时染色速度快,花枝去叶与否对染色效果影响不明显。染色后的菊花瓶插寿命显著缩短,但能达到切花所要求的5~7d的观赏期。     

过氧化物同工酶谱带染色条件的探讨

研究了过氧化氢浓度在过氧化物同工酶电泳分析中对染色时间及酶带颜色深浅的影响,和相同的酶液在测定酶活性时过氧化氢浓度对测定结果的影响,以及两者之间的相关性。研究表明,过氧化氢的浓度在染色中对染色的时间和酶带的颜色深浅有明显的影响,在一定的范围内随着底物过氧化氢浓度的升高,酶的活性降低,染色时间变长,酶带颜色变浅。这种相关性与供氢体无关,它可指导酶带染色中过氧化氢的用量。     

没食子酸对胡桃醌染色性能的影响

为探索没食子酸对胡桃醌的媒染机理,本实验通过比较在没食子酸存在的条件下,胡桃醌在头发上的染色效果和吸附性能,并利用量子化学计算没食子酸对胡桃醌和头发之间相互作用能的影响。结果表明,没食子酸可以使胡桃醌染出的发色更加鲜亮并且拥有更强的色牢度;同时没食子酸还可以改变胡桃醌的吸附行为,增加胡桃醌的吸附总量;在分子水平上,没食子酸可以充当桥梁连接头发角蛋白和胡桃醌,使得整体具备的能量更低,所形成的氢键更加稳定。说明没食子酸可以充当媒染剂增强胡桃醌的染色性能,本研究为天然媒染剂的选取提供了理论基础。     

Immobilized laccase for decolourization of Reactive Black 5 dyeing effluent

Reactive Black 5 industrial dyeing effluent was decolourized by free and immobilized laccase. The stability of the enzyme (194 h free and 79 h immobilized) depended on the dyeing liquor composition and the chemical structure of the dye. In the decolourization experiments with immobilized laccase, two phenomenons were observed – decolourization due to adsorption on the support (79%) and dye degradation due to the enzyme action (4%). Dyeing in the enzymatically recycled effluent provided consistency of the colour with both bright and dark dyes.     

Implementation of a biotechnological process for vat dyeing with woad

The traditional process for vat dyeing with woad (Isatis tinctoria L.) basically relies on microbial reduction of indigo to its soluble form, leucoindigo, through a complex fermentative process. In the 19th century, cultivation of woad went into decline and use of synthetic indigo dye and chemical reduction agents was established, with a consequent negative impact on the environment due to the release of polluting wastewaters by the synthetic dyeing industry. Recently, the ever-growing demand for environmentally friendly dyeing technologies has led to renewed interest in ecological textile traditions. In this context, this study aims at developing an environmentally friendly biotechnological process for vat dyeing with woad to replace use of polluting chemical reduction agents. Two simple broth media, containing yeast extract or corn steep liquor (CSL), were comparatively evaluated for their capacity to sustain the growth and reducing activity of the strain Clostridium isatidis DSM 15098(T). Subsequently, the dyeing capacity of the CSL medium added with 140?g?L(-1) of woad powder, providing 2.4?g?L(-1) of indigo dye, was evaluated after fermentation in laboratory bioreactors under anaerobic or microaerophilic conditions. In all fermentations, a sufficiently negative oxidation/reduction potential for reduction of indigo was reached as early as 24?h and maintained up to the end of the monitoring period. However, clearly faster indigo dye reduction was seen in the broth cultures fermented under strict anaerobiosis, thus suggesting the suitability of the N(2) flushing strategy for enhancement of bacterial-driven indigo reduction.     

A biomonitoring study on the workers from textile dyeing plants

We evaluated the genotoxic risk of workers from textile dyeing plants in Kahramanmaras, Turkey. Sister chromatid exchanges (SCEs) and chromosomal aberrations (CAs) were investigated in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures of 40 workers and compared to those of 32 age-sex- and habit-matched healthy controls. Groups were selected after a questionnaire administration. Use of Maras powder (a kind of smokeless tobacco) was considered as modulating factor. The SCEs level did not show significant differences between workers and controls. The frequency of CA was significantly higher in workers than in controls. Use of Maras powder was a significant factor to increase the frequencies of SCE and CA in control group. The level of SCE and CA did not correlate with the age whereas there was a significant correlation between years of exposure and CA frequency. The results of this study revealed the genotoxic risk of textile dyers. Protective measures such as masks and gloves are desirable for preventing or minimizing the occupational exposure.