东海陆架盆地西南部始新世孢粉

通过对东海陆架盆地西南部台北拗陷始新统之瓯江组、温州组和平湖组的孢子和花粉的研究,本区始新统可分为两个孢粉组合:Taxodiaceaepollenites-Caryapollenites triangulus-Aquilapollenites spinulosus组合(早始新世)和Retitricolpites-Retitricolporites组合,后者又分为两个亚组合,分别代表中始新世和中始新世晚期或/至晚始新世早期的孢粉植物群。孢粉组合反映早始新世的植物群主要由杉科、胡桃科和完斗科组成,指示暧湿的、近现今的中南亚热带气候;中晚始新世孢粉植物群具有明显的现代性,并有较多南亚热带成份加入,指示更趋暖热的气候环境,其后半期有较多指示干旱气候的分子出现,表明曾一度受到干旱气候的影响。     

河南潭头、卢氏和灵宝盆地上白垩统一下第三系的划分

在这篇短文中,根据脊椎动物化石的发现,进一步叙述和讨论了豫西潭头、灵宝和卢氏三个盆地的中、新生代地层的划分问题。在这三个盆地的中、新生代堆积物中,属于晚白垩世的有潭头盆地秋扒组和灵宝盆地的南朝组,后一个盆地还可能存在着时代更早的白垩纪地层。在潭头盆地的高峪沟组和大章组中分别找到中古新世的阶齿兽、中兽科和晚古新世的牧兽科、假古猬科化石;在潭头组中发现原恐角兽类和古脊齿兽类化石,时代为早始新世。在灵宝盆地的项城群中尚未找到哺乳类化石,可能包括古新世和始新世早中期的堆积。卢氏盆地的卢氏组和锄钩峪组以及灵宝盆地的川口组和浑水河组的时代为晚始新世。卢氏组下部和川口组或许可延至中始新世。     

江苏北部始新统戴南组、三垛组孢粉植物群及古生态环境

该文通过对苏北—南黄海盆地高邮凹陷和海安凹陷16口石油探井中戴南组及上覆三垛组690块岩心样品的孢粉分析研究,建立了始新世三个孢粉植物组合,它们分别是早始新世Ulmipol-lenites-Inaperturopollenites-Pterisisporites组合(称第一孢粉组合,分布于戴南组一段至二段的Ⅰ亚段)、早始新世Taxodiaceaepollenites-Caryapollenites组合(称第二孢粉组合,分布于三垛组一段Ⅰ亚段)和中始新世晚期Nitrariadites-Retitricolpites-Euphorbiactes组合(称第三孢粉组合,分布于三垛组二段Ⅱ亚段)。讨论了这三个组合的特征和所属时代,提出了与以往戴南组、三垛组众多研究者将其归于渐新世的不同意见。文章还简要地阐述了各孢粉植物群的生态环境。对新发现的13个种作了描述,其中8新种,2未定种,对2种作了重新组合。     

广西百色第三纪哺乳动物群与气候变迁

在广西百色共发现了三个层位:晚始新世早期的洞均组,晚始新世晚期的那读组和早渐新世的公康组。它们的哺乳动物的种类数目分别为14,27和ll,而其南方类型的百分含量则分别为50,77.8和54.5。故在晚始新世早期或早渐新世,气候较凉;而在晚始新世晚期,气候较暖。这是与北美的情况相类似的。     

山东新泰中始新世化石哺乳类新材料

本文记述了采自山东新泰的一批中始新世哺乳动物,并主要地与内蒙大苏尼特右旗呼和勃尔和等地“阿山头组”中的哺乳动物做了比较。新泰动物群似应为中始新世早期。     

湖北房县豕齿兽一新种

记述了在湖北省岳县罗家沟始新世地层中新近发现的哺乳类,其中包括踝节目豕齿兽科豕齿兽属一新种──房县豕齿兽（Hyopsodusfangxianensissp.nov.）依据该新种的进化水平,进一步确定产化石的油坪组的地质时代为早始新世,但就化石层本身来说,很可能是早始新世晚期。     

北部湾盆地涠洲组和流沙港组孢粉组合及时代北大核心CSCD

对北部湾盆地涠洲组和流沙港组的钻井所获的岩屑进行孢粉分析,以孢粉组合优势和特征分子为依据,划分出流沙港组4个孢粉组合,涠洲组3个组合8个亚组合。流沙港组时代属于始新世,以藻类为优势的孢粉组合属于晚始新世,涠洲组属于渐新世。始新统与渐新统的界线位于流沙港组与涠洲组之间。     

新疆塔里木盆地西部晚白垩世—始新世微体浮游植物的几个新属

新疆塔里木盆地西部晚白垩世一始新世海相地层分布广泛,微体浮游植物发育,仅乌恰县巴什布拉克剖面,此次采获分析出沟鞭藻类、绿藻和疑源类等化石就达百余属三百多种。本文所描述的材料,主要是从该剖面及其附近的魔鬼沟剖面乌依塔克组(土伦—森诺期的早期)、齐姆根组下段(古新世)、乌拉根组(中始新世)和巴什布拉克组下段上部(晚始新世)中分析出来的,此外,还有少数标本采自乌恰县乌鲁克恰提和莎车县阿尔塔什剖面,计沟鞭藻类5新属、5新种和绿藻1新属、1新种。文中插图由徐宝瑞同志清绘,笔者谨此致谢。     

准噶尔盆地南缘露头区紫泥泉子组介形类动物群及时代归属北大核心CSCD

近年来经过对准噶尔盆地南缘露头区紫泥泉子组的几轮野外地质工作,在呼图壁河、东沟、玛纳斯河、紫泥泉子、北阿尔钦沟、托托等剖面上相继发现了重要的介形类化石,其中紫泥泉子组建组剖面玛纳斯县紫泥泉子剖面的化石面貌最全,自下而上可建立下段晚白垩世Talicypridea组合,上段古新世-始新世Cyclocypris-Cyp-ris-Cyprinotus-Eucypris-Limnocythere组合。紫泥泉子组下段的晚白垩世介形类组合广泛分布于南缘露头区,上段的古新世-始新世介形类组合目前仅见于建组剖面。     

甘肃骟马城哺乳动物化石地质年代的新认识（英文）

步林(Bohlin,1951)描述的酒西盆地骟马城(又译为十二马厂)化石(Mimolagus和Anagalopsis)在分类位置与地质年代上长期存在争议。步林认为仅依据这些化石无法确定其年代,只是推测可能为第三纪的早期。后人根据Anagalopsis与内蒙古发现的Anagale对比,认为该化石点大致时代为早渐新世。化石出自哪个层位也有不同的认识。有人认为化石发现在白杨河组下部,也有人认为化石层位属于火烧沟组。鉴于其重要意义,我们于2015年4月赴酒西盆地进行了调查。根据步林的地理位置描述与照片(Bohlin,1940,1951),我们初步确定化石地点应位于骟马城沟内,火烧沟组下部骟马城段。对比内蒙古二连盆地伊尔丁曼哈组新发现的Mimolagus以及晚始新世乌兰戈楚组的Anagale,认为步林描述的化石时代也应为始新世。根据对化石产出层位的重新认识,并对比戴霜等(2005)在火烧沟剖面的磁性地层学资料,推测火烧沟组的时代为中始新世晚期至晚始新世,骟马城化石层位的地质年代大致为中始新世晚期。Mimolagus的生存年代与其近亲Gomphos的差距大大减小,古老的Anagalidae也应该在渐新世之前就已全部灭绝。     

苏北盆地高邮凹陷D1井白垩纪-古近纪微体古生物地层及沉积环境

高邮凹陷D1井富含介形虫、轮藻和孢粉等化石。通过系统的微体古生物分析,首次对该地区白垩纪一古近纪微体古生物地层进行了精确划分,从下到上共建立11个化石组合：其中介形虫4个,轮藻4个,孢粉3个。文中还简要探讨了沉积环境演变,为该地区油气勘探提供有力的生物地层依据。     

Ostracodes bathyaux du Crétacé terminal - Éocène moyen en Atlantique tropical (Plateau de Demerara, Leg 207)

Ostracode faunal assemblages which lived in bathyal environments are analysed from uppermost Maastrichtian - middle Eocene sediments of sites 1260 and 1261, drilled on the distal margin of Demerara, off Surinam (Leg 207, western tropical Atlantic). As for numerous other groups, the Cretaceous/Tertiary mass extinction event led to the disappearance of numerous bathyal ostracode species and it was followed by a very slow recovery during the Palaeocene. It appears that this extinction event was more devastating for detritus-feeder ostracode species than for filter or silt-eater groups, which crossed the K/T boundary without any or little morphological change. This extinction selectivity may be explained by the drop in productivity of surface waters which took place at the K/T boundary. Finally, psychrospheric ostracode species were encountered in Middle Eocene sediments, confirming thus the general cooling of deep oceanic realm recognised in general for this time interval.     

Age and stratigraphic reassessment of the fossil-bearing Laguna Umayo red mudstone unit, SE Peru, from regional stratigraphy, fossil record, and paleomagnetism

The thick red mudstone unit that crops out at Laguna Umayo (Puno department, southern Peru), here referred as LURMU, has yielded in different levels a fossil assemblage with plants and vertebrates (including mammals). On the basis of charophytes, the unit was initially assigned to the Vilquechico Formation (Maastrichtian-Danian), of regional extension, and the dinosaurian structure of egg fragments was interpreted as consistent with that age. Revision of the regional stratigraphy leads to reassignment of this unit to the Lower Muñani Formation (Early Tertiary). Mammals from the LU-3 and Chulpas levels present affinities with forms from the Upper Paleocene of South America (Patagonia, Brazil). A bunodont marsupial, Chulpasia, is evidence for chronologic proximity to a transantarctic interchange with Australia at the end of the Paleocene. Furthermore, magnetostratigraphy of the LURMU reveals a single reverse polarity zone of 300 m thickness. Because of the new stratigraphic and paleomammalogic data, this long reverse polarity zone is likely correlative to Chron 26r (early Late Paleocene) or Chron 24r (latest Paleocene-earliest Eocene), or, less likely, to Chron 29r (latest Cretaceous-earliest Paleocene). The arguments previously invoked in favor of a Cretaceous age (charophytes, dinosaurian eggs) are critically evaluated, and correlation to Chron 24r is favored.     

山东青东凹陷西部古近纪孢粉组合特征及意义

通过对山东青东凹陷西部古近纪地层孢粉研究,共建立4个孢粉组合:Ⅰ.Ephedripites-Inaperturopollenites-Ulmipollenites minor,Ⅱ.Pinaceae-Ulmoideipites tricostatus-Taxodiaceaepollenites,Ⅲ.QuercoiditeshenriciTaxodiaceaepollenites hiatus,Ⅳ.Alnipollenites-Juglanspollenites-Polypodiaceaes porites。根据与渤海湾地区的孢粉资料对比,确定4个组合的时代分别为早始新世晚期—中始新世早期、中始新世早—中期、中始新世中—晚期、中始新世晚期—晚始新世。该区古近纪植被类型由落叶、阔叶和灌木混交林逐步转变为落叶、常绿阔叶和针叶混交林,古气候经历了干热的亚热带气候到湿热的亚热带气候再到亚热带型温暖气候的变化。沙四段上部到沙三段下部沉积时期是研究区烃源岩最为发育时期。     

中国晚古生代轮藻化石组合

本文综述了数十年来中国晚古生代轮藻化石研究成果。与全球其它地区相比较,中国古生代轮藻化石较为丰富,可归纳为九个轮藻化石组合及三个轮藻化石层位。依据轮藻植物组成特点、演化特征以及伴生其它门类化石,论证各组合的地质时代,其中两个组合地质时代相同,属于不同的生物地理区系。     

中国中生代晚期及第三纪鱼类区系中的若干分布格局问题

日本列岛和中国大陆东部的现生淡水鱼类区系存在显著的差异,但这两地上新世和中新世的鱼类区系已发现的组成成分却似乎比现代鱼类区系要接近得多。而在中国东部渤海沿岸发现的早第三纪或始新世的鱼类区系成分则显示出与北美西岸同时代鱼类区系的惊人相似,展现出一个“跨太平洋格局”。中国中生代晚期或早白垩世的鱼类区系从组成和分布上可以划分为两个组合。分布于北部的一个组合中土著类型较多,分布于东南部的组合表现出一些与南美东北部及非洲西部鱼类区系的相似性,这种分布格局涉及到南、北两半球的大陆。 本文对上述分布格局作一简单介绍,并作初步解释： １）早白垩世的副鲚鱼亚科鱼类在西非、南美洲东北部的分布曾被解释为１）历史上曾存在过一个包括副鲚鱼亚科在内的广布单系类群;２）中国东南部早白垩世鱼类区系起源于冈瓦纳;３）中国东南部早白垩世鱼类区系中至少有某些种类是近岸鱼类。本文倾向于接受后两种建议。 ２）始新世渤海沿岸及北美绿河页岩鱼类区系的“跨太平洋”分布格局曾有人用“太平洋洲假说”来说明。本文作者不赞成这种解释,认为这一分布格局的形成有多种原因,如当时宽阔的白令陆桥及露出海面的北极地区可作为两地鱼类的通道;两地的近岸鱼类可沿当时连续的海岸来往,     

Relationship between algae and environment: an Early Cretaceous case study, Trascău Mountains, Romania

The relationship between algae and depositional environment was studied in a limestone succession of Berriasian–Valanginian age. Several depositional environments were recorded from shallow subtidal to intertidal and supratidal, with salinity ranging from normal marine to fresh and/or supersaline water. The algal assemblages consist mainly of dasycladaleans, rivulariacean-type cyanobacteria and charophytes. Nipponophycus (Bryopsydales) and Lithocodium-Bacinella (microproblematicum), occur at some levels. Dasycladaleans are associated with subtidal, sometimes restricted (“lagoonal”) environments, while rivulariacean-like cyanobacteria and charophytes characterise intertidal-supratidal and fresh and/or supersaline environments, respectively. Among the dasycladaleans, Salpingoporella annulata is often related to restricted environments where it forms monospecific assemblages. Large dasycladaleans, such as Selliporella neocomiensis, Macroporella praturloni and Pseudocymopolia jurassica are found in subtidal high-energy deposits (bioclastic grainstones). The relationship between environment and algae, characteristic for each depositional unit, can be used to interpret the relative sea-level variations.     

Middle Eocene–Early Pliocene Subantarctic planktic foraminiferal biostratigraphy of Site 1090, Agulhas Ridge

The analysis of planktic foraminiferal assemblages from Site 1090 (ODP Leg 177), located in the central part of the Subantarctic Zone south of South Africa, provided a geochronology of a 330-m-thick sequence spanning the Middle Eocene to Early Pliocene. A sequence of discrete bioevents enables the calibration of the Antarctic Paleogene (AP) Zonation with lower latitude biozonal schemes for the Middle–Late Eocene interval. In spite of the poor recovery of planktic foraminiferal assemblages, a correlation with the lower latitude standard planktic foraminiferal zonations has been attempted for the whole surveyed interval. Identified bioevents have been tentatively calibrated to the geomagnetic polarity time scale following the biochronology of Berggren et al. (1995). Besides planktic foraminiferal bioevents, the disappearance of the benthic foraminifera Nuttallides truempyi has been used to approximate the Middle/Late Eocene boundary. A hiatus of at least 11.7 Myr occurs between 78 and 71 m composite depth extending from the Early Miocene to the latest Miocene–Early Pliocene. Middle Eocene assemblages exhibit a temperate affinity, while the loss of several planktic foraminiferal species by late Middle to early Late Eocene time reflects cooling. During the Late Eocene–Oligocene intense dissolution caused impoverishment of planktic foraminiferal assemblages possibly following the emplacement of cold, corrosive bottom waters. Two warming peaks are, however, observed: the late Middle Eocene is marked by the invasion of the warmer water Acarinina spinuloinflata and Hantkenina alabamensis at 40.5 Ma, while the middle Late Eocene experienced the immigration of some globigerinathekids including Globigerinatheka luterbacheri and Globigerinatheka cf. semiinvoluta at 34.3 Ma. A more continuous record is observed for the Early Miocene and the Late Miocene–Early Pliocene where planktic foraminiferal assemblages show a distinct affinity with southern mid- to high-latitude faunas.     

Calcified Angiosperm Roots from the Upper Eocene of Southern England

Calcified angiosperm hydrophyte roots, Lacunoradix headonensisgen. et sp.nov., are described from the Upper Eocene, LowerHeadon Beds of Hordle Cliff, Hampshire. These are the firststructurally preserved angiosperm roots to be found in positionof growth in the British Tertiary. The botanical and geologicalevidence indicates that they grew in a shallow freshwater lake. Lacunoradix headonensis, angiosperm, anatomy, palaeobotany, calcified roots, Upper Eocene     

Données nouvelles sur les mammifères et les nummulites de l'éocène supérieur subalpin (synclinaux du Charbon et d'entrevernes,Bauges, Savoie et Haute-Savoie)

Vertebrate remains and nummulites have been investigated from the Late Eocene—Early Oligocene transgressive sequence of the «Chaînes subalpines south of the lake Annecy. The sedimentary environments range from fluvio-lacustrine shales and conglomerates at the base to hemipelagic Globigerina shales at the top. The fluvio-lacustrine white marls contain mammals of the upper, probably terminal Ludian, with affinities to the assemblage of Saint-Capraise. The brackish Cerithium beds have furnished charophytes of the Bembridge zone. The nummulite limestones are not dated precisely, but isolated, probably redeposited nummulites from the base of the Globigerina shales are of terminal Eocene or basal Oligocene age. The Globigerina shales themselves belong to the Oligocene.