伴刀豆蛋白A与巨噬细胞膜上受体结合后对微丝组装的影响

本文采用流式细胞术(FCM)和荧光显微术研究ConA与巨噬细胞膜上受体结合后细胞骨架微丝组装的变化,实验证明ConA与膜受体结合后巨噬细胞内微丝含量增多,并且与ConA的浓度有关。荧光显微镜下还可见细胞面积增大。本实验成功地用流式细胞术定量研究活细胞内细胞骨架的变化情况。     

伴刀豆蛋白A与巨噬细胞膜上受体结合后对微丝组装的影响

本文采用流式细胞术(FCM)和荧光显微术研究ConA与巨噬细胞膜上受体结合后细胞骨架微丝组装的变化,实验证明ConA与膜受体结合后巨噬细胞内微丝含量增多,并且与ConA的浓度有关。荧光显微镜下还可见细胞面积增大。本实验成功地用流式细胞术定量研究活细胞内细胞骨架的变化情况。     

伴刀豆球蛋白A与巨噬细胞膜上受体作用下膜变形性及细胞吞噬能力变化

本文采用图像分析、相差显微、生物活性测定等技术,研究ConA与巨噬细胞膜受体结合后对细胞行为与功能的影响. ConA与受体结合后巨噬细胞膜面积增大、变形性和吞噬能力增强、细胞产热量增加,表明细胞膜结构与功能发生变化.本实验是将图像分析技术用来研究相对图像采集速度要慢得多的活细胞特性的一次成功尝试.     

伴刀豆球蛋白A与巨噬细胞膜上受体作用下膜变形性及细胞吞噬能力变化

本文采用图像分析、相差显微、生物活性测定等技术,研究ConA与巨噬细胞膜受体结合后对细胞行为与功能的影响. ConA与受体结合后巨噬细胞膜面积增大、变形性和吞噬能力增强、细胞产热量增加,表明细胞膜结构与功能发生变化.本实验是将图像分析技术用来研究相对图像采集速度要慢得多的活细胞特性的一次成功尝试.     

ABC法在膜受体流动性测量中的应用

本文首次把ABC法应用于受体流动性测量中的膜表面受体荧光标记,利用FRAP(Fluorescence Recovery After Photobleaching)技术实现了细胞内吞过程中膜受体流动性变化的测量.实验用Con A—Biotin和Avidin—FITC(ABC法)标记巨噬细胞ConA受体,测量ConA刺激不同时间细胞膜表面受体的荧光强度、扩散系数和荧光恢复率的变化.结果显示ABC标记法适合于测量细胞内吞过程中膜表面受体的流动性变化,且具有较高的灵敏度高;巨噬细胞受ConA刺激后,膜表面ConA受体的扩散系数和荧光恢复率较静息状态时明显降低.     

不同配体与同一膜受体结合的初步探讨

研究了伴刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)和层粘连蛋白(LN)与巨噬细胞膜受体竞争结合,初步推测两个配体与同一膜受体结合的可能性.结果表明,LN可以竞争抑制FTTC-ConA与巨噬细胞膜受体的结合,说明ConA和LN两种配体各自的巨噬细胞膜受体中有部分可能是共同的,而加入ConA反而增加巨噬细胞膜上结合的FITC-LN量,这可能是因为ConA和LN的分子特性导致的.     

刀豆球蛋白A对Ehrlich腹水癌细胞的膜电位和表面电荷的影响

本文报告用荧光探剂diS-C_3—(5)和细胞电泳技术研究刀豆球蛋白A(ConA)作用于Ehrlich腹水癌细胞引起的膜电位和表面电荷的变化.ConA与细胞膜相应受体结合,导致在膜上的diS-C_3-(5)的荧光强度增加,表明细胞去极化.经用缬氨霉素诱导的钾扩散电位校正,与光学讯号变化相应的膜电位变化约是20mv.细胞经G毒毛旋化苷处理后,ConA引起的去极化程度比未处理过的细胞大.ConA作用于Ehrlich腹水癌细胞使细胞电泳迁移率变小.表明细胞表面负电荷数目减少.本文对这些变化的可能机制和相互关系进行了讨论.     

在膜蛋白分子侧向运动中细胞骨架的作用

本实验采用体外培养的人胃癌细胞,利用免疫荧光技术和FRAP技术研究细胞骨架和膜表面ConA受体复合物的侧向扩散运动.实验分成5组:①用CB处理细胞5小时;②CB处理5小时后,除去药物,换正常培养液培养1小时;③用秋水仙素处理5小时;④秋水仙素处理细胞5小时后,除去药物,换正常培养液培养2小时;⑤对照组.经CB处理细胞后,胞质微丝减少或消失,但是膜ConA受体复合物的侧向扩散运动增加〔D〕=1.05×10~(-1)cm~2/sec,当除去CB后,微丝重新出现,膜ConA受体复合物的侧向扩散运动又减慢〔D〕=0.81×10~(-1)cm~2/sec,与对照组相似.而无论是用秋水仙素处理细胞,还是撤药后微管收复,都不能看到膜表面ConA受体复合物侧向扩散运动的变化.以上结果表明:影响膜表面ConA受体复合物的侧向扩散运动主要在于微丝的作动.     

红细胞变形性与膜收缩蛋白含量的关系

红细胞变形性与膜收缩蛋白含量的关系王红勇,何作云,何琼（第三军医大学新桥医院重庆６３００３７）红细胞变形性降低的分子机制,国内未见报道。本研究目的在于探讨冠心病时红细胞膜收缩蛋白（ｓｐｅｃｔｒｉｎ,ＳＰ）含量变化与红细胞变形性改变的相关性。１材料和方...     

干旱对玉米叶片细胞透性及膜脂的影响

叶片相对含水量随聚乙二醇(PEG)处理浓度的增加而依次降低,复水后它能恢复到对照水平;叶片质膜透性随PEG处理浓度的增加而依次增大,复水后它能不同程度地恢复;PEG处理时叶片膜脂的饱和脂肪酸含量增加,不饱和脂肪酸含量降低。复水后膜脂脂肪酸配比与复水前相似。干旱条件下叶片细胞的各类细胞器膜脂脂肪酸配比的变化与叶片总膜脂的变化相似;在轻度干旱条件下的叶绿体Mg~(++)-ATP酶活力低于对照,复水后能迅速恢复到对照水平,中度干旱条件下Mg~(++)-ATP酶活力明显高于对照,但复水后均有不周程度的恢复。     

The inactivation by concanavalin A of the ecto-ATPase and ectoacetylcholinesterase of intact skeletal muscles

The (Ca2+ or Mg2+)-activated ectophosphohydrolase of intact frog muscle liberates, in situ, about 37 mumol inorganic phosphate/g muscle in 20 min at 20 degrees C with 10 mM ATP. Pretreatment with concanavalin A (ConA) at 4 degrees C for 18 h caused ectoenzyme inactivation which plateaued at 35-40% of the control rate. The inhibition was concentration dependent, being maximal at about 500 micrograms ConA/mL Ringer's solution. The lectin mediated its effect via the membrane glycoproteins since the inhibition was specifically prevented by alpha-methyl D-mannopyranoside. As the temperature increased from 10 to 40 degrees C, the ectoenzyme activity of untreated muscles increased linearly between 10 and 35 degrees C, with a "break point" and a clear change in slope at 35 degrees C. When treated with ConA the activity increased linearly from 10 to 40 degrees C, eliminating the transition temperature. The findings suggested that a phase transition toward fluidity in the lipid bilayer may have occurred at 35 degrees C and that this was abolished by the lectin binding. Hence we perturbed the surface membrane phospholipids of muscle pretreated with the lectin. Phospholipase C increased the activation by the lectin; phospholipase D had no effect, but phospholipase A2 completely prevented it. The lectin may require the more fluid fatty acyl chains of membrane lipids to achieve inhibition of this ecto-ATPase. Ectoacetylcholinesterase, in situ, and its inactivation by ConA were measured directly on whole, intact skeletal muscles.     

Lymphocyte commitment to DNA replication induced by concanavalin A

Commitment of lymphocytes to DNA replication induced by ConA was investigated by adding α-MM (a saccharide that competes with the lectin's lymphocyte binding sites) at various times to lymphocyte cultures that had been treated with a wide range of ConA concentrations. After 24 h of culture, α-MM addition has essentially no effect on cells treated with optimal concentrations of ConA, results in a marked blastogenic response of cells treated with supra-optimal (non-mitogenic) concentrations of ConA, and severely inhibits blastogenesis of cells treated with suboptimal concentrations of the lectin. Furthermore, the time of commitment is progressively shortened as the concentration of mitogen is increased. Thus, cells were committed to DNA replication as early as 5 h after incubation with supra-optimal concentrations of ConA. Induction of commitment does not occur when cells are incubated with ConA at 4 °C. Extensive crosslinking of membrane sites appears to be associated with the induction of early commitment by ConA, since the bivalent succinyl ConA failed to exhibit this effect. These findings indicate the need for re-evaluation of previous studies utilizing competing saccharides to determine kinetics of cell commitment to DNA replication.     

Mobility modulation by local concanavalin A binding. Selectivity toward different membrane proteins

We have employed fluorescence photobleaching recovery to demonstrate selective immobilization of lymphocyte membrane proteins by localized concanavalin A (ConA) binding to the cell surface. Localized ConA binding was achieved by the binding of ConA coupled to paraformaldehyde-fixed platelets to mouse spleen lymphocytes. The effect of the localized cross-linking of ConA receptors on the lateral mobility of specific membrane proteins at regions distal to the ConA platelets was investigated. The diffusion of surface immunoglobulins and ConA receptors was inhibited above a threshold coverage (12%) of the upper lymphocyte surface by ConA platelets. In contrast, no effect was observed on the diffusion and aggregation of mouse histocompatibility antigens (H-2Kk) labeled with a fluorescent monoclonal antibody. Since the ConA modulation was shown to propagate through the cytoskeleton, these results indicate specificity in the interactions of membrane proteins with the cytoskeleton. This specificity enables a selective response of different membrane proteins to the ConA anchorage modulation.     

The action of concanavalin a on migrating and differentiating neural crest cells

Concanavalin A (ConA) binds preferentially with -mannopyranosyl sugar residues on the plasma membrane. Embryonic cells are agglutinated in the presence of ConA while adult cells are not. When cultured neural crest cells are treated with various concentrations of this agglutinin throughout maturation, migration and differentiation are inhibited. The inhibition depends both on time and on concentration of ConA. Synthesis of both protein and DNA proceeds. These data indicate that the binding of the agglutinin on the embryonic membrane inhibits morphogenetic function.     

The Effect of Concanavalin A on Membrane Potential and Intracellular pH during Activation In Vitro of Tobacco Pollen Grains

We studied the effects of short-term (5–10 min) treatment of Nicotiana tabacum L. pollen grains with concanavalin A (ConA) on their activation (changes in the membrane potential and intracellular pH) and germination in vitro. ConA (10–1000 g/ml) induced plasma membrane hyperpolarization in the vegetative cell and enhanced pollen grain germination. These effects depended on ConA concentration and were interrelated: the value of the membrane potential was negatively correlated with the number of pollen grains germinated for 1 h of their incubation (r = –0.96). In addition, ConA (100 g/ml) increased the intracellular pH value by 0.3 unit. All these effects of ConA are determined by its specific interaction with carbohydrate determinants because a competitive sugar methyl--mannopyranoside (0.1 M) completely blocked ConA effects. The data obtained presume that the specific receptors are present on the surface of pollen grains, evidently on their plasma membrane, and their interaction with lectins has a functional significance for pollen grain activation and germination.     

Adhesion of human skin fibroblasts : Effect of tetravalent, divalent and monovalent concanavalin A

Concanavalin A (ConA) pretreatment inhibited the adhesion of fibroblasts to plastic surface in a dose-dependent manner. The ConA effect was reversible and could be inhibited by α-methylmannoside. Pretreatment with cytochalasin B (CB) and colchicine increased the ConA effect. Divalent and monovalent ConA derivatives had no effect on the fibroblast adhesion. This indicates that ligand attachment to ConA receptors is not sufficient to prevent cell adhesion. The requirement of tetravalent ConA for inhibition of cell adhesion suggests that the decrease of lateral mobility of membrane components, which seems to be specific for tetravalent ConA, is responsible for the inhibition of cell adhesion. The enhancement of the ConA effect by colchicine and CB pretreatment suggests an involvement of microtubules and microfilaments in the mobility of ConA receptors of fibroblasts.     

Inhibitory effect of Concanavalin A on the cell-to-cell adhesion during early development of the starfish, Asterina pectinifera

The inhibitory effect of Concanavalin A (ConA) on the cell-to-cell adhesion was studied in starfish embryos. ConA reversibly blocked the formation of intercellular adhesion in embryos denuded of fertilization membrane as well as in normal embryos, without affecting cell division and thereby inhibiting the morphogenetic movement of blastulation. A large dose of ConA dissociated both denuded and normal embryos to single cells at blastula and gastrula stage. Succinyl ConA (Suc-ConA) has the same effect on cell-to-cell adhesion, though critical concentration was slightly higher than that of ConA. These effects of ConA or Suc-ConA were prevented by α-methyl- -mannoside (αMM). Study of the binding of fluorescein-conjugated ConA to the cell surface showed that ConA receptors were present in the surface of fertilized egg and cells at all stages examined. These findings suggest that ConA receptors play an important role in cell-to-cell adhesion during the early morphogenesis of starfish.     

Cell surface changes in transformed human lymphocytes : I. ConA and E-PHA induced unique changes in surface topography

Binding studies with six purified plant lectins were used to investigate membrane alterations that occur in lymphocyte transformation. Normal human peripheral blood lymphocytes transformed with E-Phytohemagglutinin (E-PHA) or concanavalin-A (Con-A) generally possessed increased numbers of lectin receptors. When this increase was corrected for the expanded surface area of transformed lymphocytes, it appeared that E-PHA and ConA each produced a unique and complex reorganization of cell surface topography. Surface alterations occurred independently of DNA synthesis, cell proliferation, and microtubule or microfilament function. Puromycin inhibited emergence of new lectin receptors on cells transformed with E-PHA, but not with ConA. Lymphocytes incubated with either lectin showed increased incorporation of [¹⁴C]galactose into trypsin-sensitive cell surface glycoproteins. This incorporation was abolished by puromycin in cells stimulated by E-PHA but not by ConA. These studies demonstrate that although both lectins induce similar morphological alterations in human lymphocytes, at the molecular level the structural changes induced in the cell membrane by these two lectins differ considerably. Furthermore, these structural alterations are mediated via different mechanisms in the two groups of cells. De novo protein synthesis is required for cell surface reorganization in PHA-stimulated cells, but not in cells stimulated by ConA. The effect of ConA appears to be to enhance attachment of saccharide structures to pre-synthesized membrane proteins.