广西蕨类植物孢子形态的研究Ⅲ.凤尾蕨科

利用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜对广西产凤尾蕨科及其近缘科蕨科、姬蕨科和碗蕨科5属9种植物的孢子形态进行了观察研究,详细描述了9种植物孢子的形态及表面纹饰特征.井栏边草、刺齿凤尾蕨、隆林凤尾蕨、剑叶凤尾蕨、林下凤尾蕨、蕨和碗蕨植物的孢子为三裂缝,辐射对称;极面观为钝三角形,赤道面观为半圆形或超半圆形;栗蕨和姬蕨植物孢子为...     

凤尾蕨属植物在中国的分布新资料

凤尾蕨属植物具有较高的观赏价值和药用价值。弄清其在我国的分布状况,有利于资源的开发利用。本文报道了台湾凤尾蕨Pteris taiwanensis Ching ex Ching et S. H. Wu为中国大陆分布新记录,另外11种凤尾蕨属植物为省新记录,分别是海南凤尾蕨、指叶凤尾蕨、多羽凤尾蕨、大明凤尾蕨、细弱凤尾蕨、线羽凤尾蕨、栗柄凤尾蕨、单叶凤尾蕨、细羽凤尾蕨、三叉凤尾蕨和鸡冠凤尾蕨。并证实凤仪凤尾蕨Pteris dalhousiae Hook.没有分布至中国。     

9种植物水浸提液对空心莲子草的化感作用

【背景】空心莲子草是难以防除的恶性入侵杂草,因此,探索高效无毒的化感防治方法具有重要意义。【方法】利用水浸提法研究了博落回、苦瓜、樟树、柳杉、凤尾蕨、柑橘、夹竹桃、洋葱及大蒜9种植物不同器官对空心莲子草的化感作用。【结果】与对照相比,博落回叶、苦瓜果肉与种子、凤尾蕨、樟树叶和柳杉叶的水浸提液对空心莲子草具有较强的化感作用,主要表现为空心莲子草叶片数和茎节数减少,株高与生物量的增长受到抑制。【结论与意义】不同植物水浸提液对空心莲子草的化感作用有所差异。本研究为利用植物的化感作用控制空心莲子草提供了依据。     

凤尾蕨属5种植物孢子体形态研究

采用光学显微镜对凤尾蕨属5种植物孢子体形态特征进行观察和分析,以探讨该属植物的形态和亲缘关系,为凤尾蕨属的系统分类提供新的资料和依据.结果显示,该属5种植物的基本气孔类型为腋下细胞型和极细胞型;叶脉类型为无网眼的羽状分离型;副叶脉呈一回分叉平行分布;5种植物的维管束木质部多为单柱型管状中柱,也有部分双柱型网状中柱,管状分子中均有导管分子存在,仅在蜈蚣蕨和银脉凤尾蕨中发现管胞,其中井栏边草无纹孔膜残余.研究表明,蜈蚣蕨和银脉凤尾蕨较为原始,井栏边草、溪边凤尾蕨、紫轴凤尾蕨关系更近,也更为进化.     

海南岛蕨类植物新资料

记录海南蕨类植物新分布15种,这15种植物是毛叶粉背蕨(Aleuritopteris squamosa)、光脚短肠蕨(Allantodia deoderleinii)、淡绿短肠蕨(Allantodia virescens)、台湾车前蕨(Antrophyum formosanum)、岭南铁角蕨(Asplenium sampsonii)、薄叶阴地蕨(Botrychium daucifolium)、黑足鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris fuscipes)、太平鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris pacifica)、爪哇鳞始蕨(Lindsaeajavanensis)、黑鳞剑蕨(Loxogramme assimilis)、网脉海金沙(Lygodium subareolatum)、三轴凤尾蕨(Pteris longipes)、翠绿凤尾蕨(Pteris longipinnula)、布郎卷柏(Selaginella braunii)和高雄卷柏(Selaginella repanda)。海南现有蕨类植物已达到约450种(包括变种)。     

云南产凤尾蕨属植物(凤尾蕨科)的新修订

在《中国植物志》和《云南植物志》的基础上,对云南产凤尾蕨属植物进行新的分类修订。文中澄清了8个混淆类群,其中新等级1种,即高原凤尾蕨Pteriscuspigera(Chingex Ching et S.H.Wu)X.Q.Song;云南分布新记录1种,即假指状凤尾蕨Pteris psudodactylina Ching et S.K.Wu;新异名3个,即Pteris asperi-caulis var.cuspigera Chingex Ching et S.H.Wu,Pteris inaequalis Bak.及Pteris wallichiana var.yunnanensis(Christ)Ching et S.H.Wu。还列出了新修订种类的文献引证、标本引证、生境和地理分布。经该文研究确认,现知云南有该属植物48种。     

热带雨林剑叶凤尾蕨(Pteris ensiformis)对光强变化的适应

野外调查表明剑叶凤尾蕨能适应不同的光环境.本研究测定剑叶凤尾蕨在两种不同光环境下的适应能力.在热带雨林林下和林窗生长40d后,林下生长的剑叶凤尾蕨比林窗生长的植株有较多的叶片数,大的冠幅,高的叶绿素含量和表观量子效率.同时,林下生长的剑叶凤尾蕨有高的光化学效率和较低的非光化学耗散能力,这说明低光植物表现出有较高的能量转换能力.而两种光强生长的剑叶凤尾蕨最大光合放氧速率相似,这可能与在高光下的非辐射耗散的提高和光合机构的损伤有关.研究结果表明,剑叶凤尾蕨通过光合器官的调整对不同光强的适应,以促进剑叶凤尾蕨在不同光环境的生长能力.     

基于蕨素聚类分析的凤尾蕨属药用植物化学分类研究

目的:研究凤尾蕨属5种药用植物蕨素类活性成分,为其质量评价、鉴定及亲缘关系研究提供依据,为凤尾蕨属植物化学分类深入研究奠定基础。方法:采用HPLC-DAD测定5种药用植物的石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水部位的蕨素类成分。比较蕨素种类和含量差异,并以蕨素类特征成分及其含量为分类性状,采用聚类分析对凤尾蕨属药用植物进行化学分类研究。结果:从大叶井口边草、半边旗、全缘凤尾蕨、蜈蚣草和凤尾草中分别检测出蕨素类成分59、39、3、7和22个,总体来看大叶井口边中蕨素类成分含量最高,而全缘凤尾蕨中蕨素类成分含量最低。运用系统聚类将5种药用植物聚成3类:第Ⅰ类为全缘凤尾蕨、蜈蚣草和凤尾草;第Ⅱ类为半边旗;第Ⅲ类为大叶井口边草。结论:半边旗与全缘凤尾蕨、蜈蚣草和凤尾草之间的化学亲缘关系较远。蕨素聚类结果与传统分类结果有较好的一致性。蕨素类成分HPLC-DAD图谱可用于凤尾蕨属植物的鉴别和分类研究,并可为其质量评价提供重要参考。     

四种野生蕨类植物抑菌作用分析

研究了四种野生蕨类植物水提液和醇提液对五种常见微生物的抑菌情况,研究结果显示具有较好的抑菌效果。大多数情况下,其醇提液抑菌作用优于其水提液的,其中狗脊蕨表现了普遍较高的抑菌活性。     

4种中药贯众原植物提取物的体外抗菌活性研究

用水提法和醇提法制备苏铁蕨（Brainea insighis）、华南紫萁（Osmunda vachellii）、狗脊蕨（Woodwardia japonica）和乌毛蕨（Blechnum orientale）的根状茎的提取液,应用纸片扩散法和试管二倍稀释法测定了各提取液对11种常见致病菌的抑菌圈、最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果表明,各提取液（1g生药／mL）对表皮葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌及李斯特菌4种革兰氏阳性菌有明显抑制作用,对表皮葡萄球菌的抑制作用尤为明显,且醇提液的抑菌效果优于水提液;对大肠埃希氏菌等革兰氏阴性菌则无抑制作用。在4种贯众原植物中,苏铁蕨对革兰氏阳性菌的抑制活性最强。     

凤尾蕨内生真菌的研究Ⅰ——菌种分离及其分类鉴定

首次从凤尾蕨属井栏边草(Pteris multifida)根、茎和叶中分离获得内生真菌共20株,经形态观察,鉴定其中18株分别隶属于8个属。研究结果表明:凤尾蕨不同部位内生真菌的数量、分布、种群及其组成存在差异。     

海金沙提取物体外抑菌性能研究

用M／C和纸片法考查了海金沙提取物对藤黄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和乙型溶血性链球菌的抑菌性能。结果表明：海金沙对4种受试菌株都有抑菌活性;37℃时,醇提物对乙型溶血性链球菌的抑菌效果最好,最大抑菌圈为8．5mm;42℃时,对藤黄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和枯草杆菌的抑菌效果最好,最大抑菌圈分别为21、13．2和6．5mm。pH值为7．6时,海金沙醇提物在对藤黄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌和乙型溶血性链球菌的最大抑菌圈分别为9．1、8．2、9mm和11．3mm。海金沙水提物和醇提物对藤黄球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的最低抑菌质量分数分别为25％、12．5％、12．5％、25％和3．12％、1．56％、6．25％、3．12％．     

Antimutagenic activity of extracts from anticancer drugs in Chinese medicine

The antimutagenic activities of extracts of 36 commonly used anticancer crude drugs from Chinese herbs were studied by using the Salmonella/microsomal system in the presence of picrolonic acid or benzo[a]pyrene to test whether they contain direct or indirect antimutagens. Each crude drug was extracted with boiling water for 2 h, the method which is commonly used by Chinese people to prepare the drug for oral intake. The extracts of Pteris multifida P. showed the highest antimutagenic activity against picrolonic acid-induced mutation. The extracts of 6 other different kinds of Chinese herbs were shown to have a moderate antimutagenic activity against picrolonic acid-induced mutation, and they are: Actinidia chinensis P., Artemisia lavendulaefolia DC. and Crotalaria sessiflora L., Prunella vulgaris L., Paris polyphylla S. and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata T. The extracts of Smilax china L., Prunella vulgaris L. and Actinidia chinensis P. were demonstrated to inhibit the mutagenicity of benzo[a]pyrene completely. The 12 other kinds of extracts of Chinese herbs which had a moderate antimutagenic activity against benzo[a]pyrene were: Pteris polyphylla S., Ampelopsis brevipedunculata T., Duchesnea indica F., Gossypium herbaceum L., Lithospermum erythrorrhizon SZ., Artemisia lavendulaefolia DC., Selaginella doederleinii H., Dianthus superbus L., Centipeda minima ABA., Curcuma zedoaria R., Marsdenia tenacissima WA. and Kalopanax septemlobus K. Among them, there were 5 kinds of crude drugs, Actinidia chinensis P., Artemisia lavendulaefolia DC., Prunella vulgaris L., Paris polyphylla S. and Ampelopsis brevipedunculata T., containing antimutagenic factors against both picrolonic acid- and benzo[a]pyrene-induced mutation.     

广东蕨类植物新资料

报道了2个新异名,1个新等级和35种蕨类植物在广东的分布新记录。正安肋毛蕨（Ctenitis changanensis Ching）和信宜铁角蕨（Asplenium xinyiense Ching et S.H.Wu）分别作直鳞肋毛蕨（Ctenitis eatoni (Bak.) Ching）和厚叶铁角蕨（Asplenium griffithianum Hook）的异名处理;齿翅井栏凤尾蕨（Pteris serralata（Miau）Y. H. Yan）被提升到种的等级;假芒萁属（Sticherus Presl）、柄盖蕨属（Peranema D. Don）、蛾眉蕨属（Lunathyrium Koidz.）和革舌蕨属（Scleroglossum Alderw）等4个属为广东分布新记录,小笠原卷柏（Selaginella boninensis Baker）为中国大陆分布新记录。广东现有蕨类已达到56科144属502种。     

Identification of Antheridiogens in Lygodium circinnatum and Lygodium flexuosum

Antheridiogens in two species of Schizaeaceous ferns, Lygodium circinnatum and Lygodium flexuosum, were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In L. circinnatum, gibberellin A73 (GA73) methyl ester (GA73-Me), which had originally been identified in L. japonicum, was identified as a principal antheridiogen, and the methyl esters of five known GAs (GA9, GA20, GA70, GA88, and 3-epi-GA88) were also identified as minor antheridiogens. In addition, four compounds corresponding to isomers of monohydroxy-GA73-Me were detected. One of these was shown to be 12[beta]-hydroxy-GA73-Me, the parent acid of which has been allocated the GA assignment GA96. The other three compounds, tentatively named X1, X2, and X3, have not been fully characterized. In L. flexuosum, GA73-Me was also identified as a major antheridiogen, with X2 being detected as a minor one. The total antheridium-formation activity in the culture medium of 7-week-old prothallia of L. circinnatum and L. flexuosum was more than 1000 times higher than that of L. japonicum. On the other hand, the response of gametophytes of the former two Lygodium ferns to GA73-Me was more than 100 times lower than that of L. japonicum.     

青蕨植物化学成分的研究

从青蕨根部的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到4个化合物。通过化学及波谱分析鉴定其结构为：saucerneol D(1),dehydrogoniothalamin(2),1-acetoxyl-2-piperonyl-6-[6-methoxyl-piperonyl]3,7-dioxabicyclo-[3,3,0]-octane(3) and 5,5′-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6,8,3″,3″-tetramethylpyran-(3′,4′)flavone-7-O-[β—D—apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(4)。其中化合物(4)为新化合物,化合物(1)为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

几种药用植物总多酚含量及其抗氧化活性比较

测定了5种药用植物的总多酚含量,对提取液的抗氧化活性和自由基清除能力进行了比较。结果表明:金银花的总多酚含量最高为0.085 8 mg/mL,5种药用植物多酚化合物浓度顺序为:金银花连翘茵陈海金沙过路黄。海金沙多酚提取液的抗氧化活性最强,60℃反应7h,在芝麻油和膏霜化妆品中添加海金沙总多酚提取液,其过氧化值比添加BHT分别低18.27%和15.89%,比不加抗氧剂分别低20.85%和17.97%。连翘的羟基自由基清除率最大,是BHT的2.99倍。     

Arsenic uptake and accumulation in fern species growing at arsenic-contaminated sites of southern China: field surveys

Aiming at searching for new arsenic (As) hyperaccumulators, field surveys were conducted at 12 As-contaminated sites located in Guangxi and Guangdong Provinces of southern China. Samples of 24 fern species belonging to 16 genera and 11 families as well as their associated soils were collected and As concentrations in plant and soil samples were determined by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES). The results show that among 24 fern species, Pteris multifida and P. oshimensis can (hyper)accumulate As in their fronds with high concentrations in addition to P. vittata and P. cretica var. nervosa, which have been previously identified as As hyperaccumulators. Total As concentrations in soils associated with P. multifida and P. oshimensis varied from 1262 to 47,235 mg kg(-1), but the DTPA-extractable As concentrations were relatively low, with a maximum of 65 mg kg(-1). Forty-four of 49 samples of P. multifida collected from five sites and 3 of 13 samples of P. oshimensis collected from one site accumulated over 1000 mg As kg(-1) in their fronds and As concentrations in the fronds were higher than those in the petioles and rhizoids. Although As concentrations in the fronds of P. oshimensis (789 mg kg(-1) averaged, range 301-2142 mg kg(-1)) were comparatively lower than those of P. multifida (1977 mg kg9-1), 624-4056 mg kg(-1)), its high aboveground biomass makes it more suitable for phytoremediating As-contaminated soils. Among all the species in Pteris genus studied, Pteris semipinnata accumulated only very low As concentration in its fronds (8 mg kg(-1), 1-18 mg kg(-1)). Further research is needed to study the differences in As uptake and accumulation among fern species in the same or other genera.