泰国-老挝黎府构造带晚泥盆世-早石炭世放射虫动物群及其地质意义

本文对老挝西北部和泰国东北部黎府构造带6个层状硅质岩考察点进行了放射虫化石调查研究,其中有5个点发现可供鉴定的放射虫化石,共鉴定放射虫化石9属23种,包括典型的晚泥盆世放射虫化石Helenifore robustum和早石炭世放射虫化石Albaillella cartalla,Al.undula,Al.paradoxa等,5个层状硅质岩考察点地质时代类似,为晚泥盆世至早石炭世。该调查成果表明,黎府构造带从泰国东北部延续到了老挝西北部万荣地区,其深海盆地演化历史应该在早石炭世晚期结束。     

滇西南耿马弄巴剖面的晚古生代放射虫动物群

滇西南耿马弄巴剖面的硅质岩层中,存在大量放射虫化石,计有12属28种,时代跨越晚古生代,可建立两个组合和三个化石带:晚泥盆世Entactinia-Entactinosphaera组合;早石炭世杜内期中期Albaillellaparadoxa带,杜内期晚期—维宪期早期Albaillellaindensis带,维宪期中期Albaillellacartalla带;晚二叠世Entactiniaitsu-kaichiensis组合。弄巴剖面是由7个主要地层断片组成的断片型地层体,放射虫的研究为地层断片的时代归属问题提供了准确的微体古生物证据。     

云南墨江上三叠统歪古村组燧石质砾石中的晚古生代放射虫化石及其地质意义

云南哀牢山缝合带由于长期未找到晚石炭世至二叠纪深海环境的化石及沉积地层记录,对哀牢山古特提斯盆地演化历史存在着不同认识。文中报道了采自云南墨江坝留地区上三叠统歪古村组底砾岩中的早石炭世和中二叠世放射虫化石,所有放射虫化石发现于4件燧石质砾石中,共计11属9种和7未定种及1属种未定放射虫。其中,3件砾石含有Albaillella deflandrei Gourmelon,Albaillella sinuosa Won and Seo等早石炭世放射虫化石组合,另1件砾石含有Pseudoalbaillella spp.,Quadricaulis scalae Caridroit and De Wever,Cauletella sp.和Ishigaum sp.等中二叠世放射虫化石组合。由此表明,哀牢山缝合带存在着早石炭世和中二叠世深海盆地沉积地层记录,哀牢山深海盆地应该在中二叠世之后封闭。该成果为探讨哀牢山古特提斯盆地演化提供了放射虫古生物学证据,进而说明哀牢山缝合带与金沙江缝合带一样,也存在石炭纪和二叠纪深水洋盆沉积地层记录,指示其演化历史是相同的。     

藏南泽当金鲁地区晚侏罗世—早白垩世放射虫

本文系统描述了产自泽当金鲁乡鲁巴垂附近5块硅质岩样品中保存较好的放射虫化石,共20属26种(含未定种),包括Becus triangulocentrum Dumitrica,Cecrops septemporatus(Parona),Cryptamphorella conara(Foreman),Dicerosaturnalis dicranacanthos(Squinabol),Eucyrtidiellum pyramis(Aita),Hiscocapsa verbeeki(Tan),H.uterculus(Parona),Holocryptocanium barbui Dumitrica,Praeconosphaera sphaeroconus(Rüst)和Tethysetta boesii(Parona)等重要分子。通过与西特提斯地区放射虫化石带的对比,可确定这些放射虫化石组合相当于UAZone 13—UAZone 22带,其时代为晚侏罗世提塘晚期—早白垩世阿普特期。有关雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段蛇绿岩体中的放射虫化石目前只有零星的报道,尚缺乏系统的研究。本文所发现的放射虫化石组合可为雅鲁藏布江缝合带东段泽当蛇绿岩体的时限提供重要的时代依据。     

新疆中天山汗吉尕组Helenifore robustum放射虫动物群及其年代地层学意义

汗吉尕组是新疆中天山温泉小区中泥盆统的一个地层单元,为海相碎屑岩夹火山碎屑岩沉积。过去在灰岩团块和灰岩砾石中发现较为丰富的中泥盆世珊瑚和腕足类化石。这次,我们在该组上部地层硅质岩透镜体中首次发现晚泥盆世弗拉晚期的放射虫Helenifore robustum动物群。对于温泉地区该组地层的时代归属,我们认为:由于已发现的中泥盆世珊瑚、腕足类化石主要产于灰岩砾石或外来块体中,因此,这些化石的时代并不代表该组形成的时代;而产于硅质岩透镜体中的晚泥盆世弗拉晚期的放射虫化石很可能代表该组的年代。全文共描述放射虫5属11种,归属3目4科。     

桂东、桂东南晚泥盆世一个弗拉斯期放射虫动物群

本文系统描述了广西玉林、贺县等地晚泥盆世榴江组硅质岩中的放射虫化石4属14种,其中有1新属2新种。这个放射虫动物群的多数分子曾见于苏联南乌拉尔地区和澳大利亚的弗拉斯阶。     

中国古生代放射虫研究世纪回顾—为庆贺盛金章院士80华诞而作

20世纪中国古生代放射虫研究取得三方面成绩：1.研究地域涉及全国大部分省区。除东北三省、河北、山西、山东、海南、台湾外,古生代放射虫巳在我国19个省区发现。时代从晚寒武世至晚二叠世长兴期;2.研究领域逐步扩大,确立了三种不同的放射虫岩相类型,洋盆相区以广西钦州板城最为典型,从晚泥盆世弗拉斯期-晚二叠世长兴早期共建立18个化石带;岛孤相区以云南西部昌宁-孟连地体作代表,从中泥盆世吉维持期-晚二叠世长兴期发育12个化石带;台盆相区以苏皖地区中二叠世孤峰组放射虫研究得较好,建立3个化石带,这些放射虫化石带,与洋盆相区,岛弧相区同时代的带基本上相似和相同;3.中国4条主要蛇绿岩带都发现了放射虫硅质岩和放射虫动物群。这对蛇绿岩带的形成时代和板块碰撞时间和确定提供了有力的证据。最后,文中还提出了新世纪里我国古生代放射虫研究的方向。     

藏南泽当雅鲁藏布缝合带中的三叠纪放射虫

西藏南部泽当西金鲁村附近发现的一套硅质岩含有两个放射虫化石组合：Capnuchosphaera triassica组合和Pseudostylosphaera nazaroui组合。这些放射虫化石可以同中三叠世拉丁期至晚三叠世卡尼期放射虫动物群对比,这套硅质岩为一外为岩体,包括在由高劈理化泥岩组成的混杂岩基质中,这是雅鲁藏布江缝合带三叠纪放射虫的首次报道。     

塔里木盆地北部晚泥盆世孢子组合

塔里木盆地北部草２井东河塘组产丰富的、保存完好的孢子化石,计３７属７３种,据此建立Ａｐｉｃｕｌｉｒｅ－ｔｕｓｉｓｐｏｒａ ｈｕｎａｎｅｎｓｉｓ－Ａｎｃｙｒｏｓｐｏｒａ ｆｕｒｃｕｌａ（ＨＦ）孢子组合带。对一些孢子的已知地质分布记录及其与西欧和塔西南晚泥盆世孢子组合带序列的对比讨论,表明ＨＦ孢子带的时代为晚泥盆世法门期,大致与爱尔兰晚泥盆世ＬＬ＋ＬＥ孢子带时代相当。描述孢子３新种,图示孢子６１种。     

云南香格里拉上三叠统沉积混杂岩中的晚古生代和中三叠世放射虫及其地质意义

香格里拉地区位于义敦弧后盆地与中咱地块的过渡带,出露的地层主要为上三叠统哈工组、图姆沟组。其中,哈工组发育大量的沉积混杂岩。笔者从硅质混杂岩块中分离出保存完好的放射虫化石。这些放射虫化石分异度较高,主要有内射虫目、泡沫虫目、罩笼虫目和少量隐管虫目、阿尔拜虫目的放射虫。本文报道了其中的内射虫目、泡沫虫目、罩笼虫目和隐管虫目放射虫共计50种27属。这些放射虫的地质时代自中泥盆世至中三叠世。因为沉积混杂岩中的硅质岩块源自甘孜理塘构造带,这些保存较好的放射虫化石为解释甘孜理塘构造带的构造演化提供了必需的地质时代证据。根据这些放射虫组合所代表的深水环境,我们认为甘孜-理塘构造带所代表的沉积盆地自中泥盆世至中三叠世时期应为深水盆地,也即德格-中甸微板块在中泥盆世时期就已逐渐与扬子板块裂离。     

老挝北部宾夕法尼亚纪的一个新(筳)类动物群

作者报道了一个小型■类动物群,包括Eostaffella? sp., Pseudoendothyra sp., Staffella pseudosphae-roidea Dutkevich, Neostaffella ( N.)sp ., Profusulinella bona Grozdilova et Lebedeva以及P.cf .prisca (Depart) ,此动物群是在老挝北部琅勃拉邦省西南部的Thong Phiang Vilay村附近的石灰岩山中发现的。根据Profusulinella bona和P.cf. prisca的出现,该动物群的时代可归到晚石炭世宾夕法尼亚纪巴什基尔期或莫斯科期最早期。这是在老挝北部对该时代■类动物群的首次报道。当前■类动物群证明琅勃拉邦地区和泰国北部的黎地区在地质上有重要的关系,表明老挝北部地区从地质构造上属于印度支那板块的边缘。     

In vitro anti-cancer activities of Job’s tears (Coix lachryma-jobi Linn.) extracts on human colon adenocarcinoma

The whole seed (W), endosperm (E) and hull (H) of five cultivars of Job’s tears (Coix lachryma-jobi Linn. var. ma-yuen Stapf) including Thai Black Phayao, Thai Black Loei, Laos Black Loei, Laos White Loei and Laos Black Luang Phra Bang were processed before solvent extraction by non-cooking, roasting, boiling and steaming Each part of the Job’s tears was extracted by the cold and hot process by refluxing with methanol and hexane. The total of 330 extracts included 150 methanol extracts and 180 hexane extracts were investigated for anti-proliferative activity on human colon adenocarcinoma cell line (HT-29) by the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay. The extracts which gave high anti-proliferative activity were tested for apoptotic activity by acridine orange and ethidium bromide double staining and anti-oxidative activities including free radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition activities. The extract from the hull of Thai Black Loei roasted before extracting by hot methanol (M-HTBL-R2) showed the highest anti-proliferative activity on HT-29 with the IC₅₀ values of 11.61 ± 0.95 μg/ml, while the extract from the non-cooked hull of Thai Black Loei by cold methanol extraction (M-HTBL-N1) gave the highest apoptosis (8.17 ± 1.18%) with no necrosis. In addition, M-HTBL-R2 and M-HTBL-N1 indicated free radical scavenging activity at the SC₅₀ values of 0.48 ± 0.12 and 2.47 ± 1.15 mg/ml, respectively. This study has demonstrated the anti-colorectal cancer potential of the M-HTBL-R2 and M-HTBL-N1 extracts.     

Frequency Distribution and Haplotypic Heterogeneity of beta(E)-Globin Gene among Eight Minority Groups of Northeast Thailand

The frequencies of hemoglobin E and beta(E)-globin gene haplotypes were determined in eight minority groups living in the northeastern part of Thailand. A total of 478 samples of eight minority groups, namely Soui, Thai Khmer, So, Yor, Phuthai, Thai Puan, Thai Loei and Thai Dam, were examined. High prevalences of hemoglobin E (>50%) were observed in Soui, Thai Khmer, So, Yor and Phuthai inhabiting the region near Cambodia and Laos. Thai Puan, Thai Loei, Thai Dam and native Thai living in the same geographical area had prevalences of 42.6, 35.9, 21.4 and 27.9%, respectively. A prevalence of 9.5% was found among the Thai with Chinese background living in the same area. Beta-globin gene haplotypes analysis demonstrated that most of the beta(E)-globin genes in these Thai populations were associated with two haplotypes: (- + - + + + -) and (+ - - - - + -) on chromosomes with framework 2 variety. Some beta(E)-globin genes in Soui and Thai Khmer groups were associated with the framework 3 chromosome. Genetic distances based on the beta( )-globin gene haplotypes between minority groups revealed that Soui and Thai Khmer were closely related to each other. This finding has a valuable implication for study of the origin and spread of hemoglobin E in the region.     

Mississippian (early Carboniferous) radiolarian biostratigraphy of northern Thailand (Chiang Dao area)

Well-preserved Carboniferous radiolarian faunas were obtained from ribbon-bedded siliceous sediments (radiolarites) north of Chiang Dao city, Chiang Mai province, northern Thailand. These sediments are rich in identifiable radiolarian faunas, including more than 44 species and sub-species belonging to 15 genera. Among them, Albaillellaria and Latentifistularia are dominant, but few Entactinaria are present. Five Early Carboniferous radiolarian assemblage zones are recognised and compared to those of Germany, France and North America. They are, in ascending order: the Albaillella paradoxa gr. assemblage; the Albaillella indensis gr. assemblage: the Albaillella cartalla-Albaillella furcata furcata assemblage which includes the Palaeolithocyclia rota subassemblage; and the A. furcata rockensis-Latentifistula impella gr. assemblage. The age assignment of each assemblage is well-controlled by co-occurring conodonts, which are abundant during this time interval in the area. The Thai radiolarian assemblage zones are rather similar to those of Germany and North America, indicating that the albaillellarian form has a global distribution and can be readily used as a world key indicative fauna. These results also provide an additional data set indicating that distal oceanic deposits are present in northern Thailand from the Devonian to the Late Triassic, which provides evidence for a long-lived oceanic realm between the Indochina and Shan-Thai continental terranes (nearly 200 My).     

Mesozoic Radiolaria of Bosnia and Serbia: New data

Jurassic and Cretaceous radiolarian faunas were discovered in bedded chert of the Dinaric and Vardar tectonic zones of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Only Triassic radiolarians have previously been described in Bosnia and Herzegovina, while the finds of Bajocian, Bathonian-Callovian, Oxfordian-Kimmeridgian, Tithonian-Berriasian, and Campanian are new. Additional localities of Triassic and Jurassic radiolarians were investigated in Serbia. By correlation with radiolarians from the previous studies within Serbia, the Late Aalenian-Bajocian and Bathonian-Callovian Serbian radiolarian beds are newly dated. The first find of Cretaceous radiolarians in Serbia is reported. The oldest Mesozoic Radiolaria-bearing formations outcropping in the Western Belt of the Vardar Zone are dated Mid-Upper Triassic. The youngest radiolarians come from the Upper Cretaceous (Campanian) of the northern part of this belt of the Vardar Zone, where they co-occur with planktonic foraminifers. The distribution of 70 radiolarian samples within sections is shown. The taxonomic composition of 39 samples is analyzed. Radiolarian species extracted from 13 samples are described and figured. The list of 72 taxa and 3 plates of Jurassic radiolarians of Bosnia and Herzegovina, 3 plates of Triassic, 1 plate of Middle Jurassic, and 1 plate of Upper Cretaceous radiolarians of Serbia are presented.     

Vocal Diversity and Taxonomy of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Nomascus</Emphasis> in Central Vietnam and Southern Laos

Previous researchers suggested that gibbon song repertoire is genetically determined and song characteristics are useful for assessing systematic relationships. The southern white-cheeked crested gibbon is regarded as either a subspecies of Nomascus leucogenys or its own species (Nomascus siki). I studied vocal diversity among different wild populations of Nomascus in central Vietnam and southern Laos to assess their taxonomic relationships and to examine whether their vocal patterns correspond to forms previously described for Nomascus siki. I examined the songs of 7 Nomascus populations in Vietnam and Laos. I analyzed 192 song bouts from different gibbon groups including 173 phrases of 42 females and 192 phrases of 42 males. Linear discriminant analysis, classification trees, and multidimensional scaling revealed marked separation of groups in the northern and southern populations. Within the 2 geographic populations, there is little variability and the vocal characteristics exhibited no apparent cline. I conclude that the northern and southern geographic populations may represent 2 distinct taxa. I postulate that a taxonal boundary such as large rivers existing between southern Quang Binh province and northern Thua-Thien Hue province in Vietnam and northern Phou Xang He NBCA and southern Dong Phou Vieng NBCA in Laos has limited gene flow between the populations. Differing topographic features could also serve as a selective force for improved sound transmission in a highly territorial species, driving the divergence between the 2 populations.     

柑橘大实蝇产卵器的超微结构观察(双翅目：实蝇科)

柑橘大实蝇Bactrocera minax(Enderlein),是柑橘的重要害虫。本文基于光学显微镜、扫描电镜、石蜡切片和透射电镜观察,对柑橘大实蝇的产卵器形态结构进行研究。结果表明,柑橘大实蝇产卵器由产卵器基节、翻缩膜和产卵针3部分组成,翻缩膜是浅黄色的柔软的细长管状结构,又分为骨化带、骨化环和膜质部3部分。骨化带表面有4条褐色的、纵向的、柔软的离散带。骨化环和膜质部表面存在小齿和无齿两种角质化鳞片,鳞片的一端与表皮连接,另外一端处于自由状态,鳞片以覆瓦状包围在骨化环和膜质部表面。骨化带和骨化环弯曲程度极低,而膜质部弯曲程度较大。产卵针由1块背片和2块腹片组成,2块腹片之间、背片与腹片之间与可折叠弯曲的柔性角质层连接。其背片两内侧均存在1个未封闭的圆环,其内部有肌肉(背腹肌)、气管、输卵管和直肠等组织或器官。产卵器上有毛形、腔锥形和钟形3种类型感受器。在产卵器收缩时,首先产卵针折叠在翻缩膜内,然后再一起折叠在基节内。因此,在成虫休息时,产卵器形成了产卵针(内层)、翻缩膜(中间层)和基节(外层)3个腹节的套叠。柑橘大实蝇的产卵器是伪产卵器,其结构或组织经过进化,从而适应其伪产卵器的外...     

Predicting Environmental Suitability for a Rare and Threatened Species (Lao Newt,Laotriton laoensis) Using Validated Species Distribution Models

The Lao newt (Laotriton laoensis) is a recently described species currently known only from northern Laos. Little is known about the species, but it is threatened as a result of overharvesting. We integrated field survey results with climate and altitude data to predict the geographic distribution of this species using the niche modeling program Maxent, and we validated these predictions by using interviews with local residents to confirm model predictions of presence and absence. The results of the validated Maxent models were then used to characterize the environmental conditions of areas predicted suitable for L. laoensis. Finally, we overlaid the resulting model with a map of current national protected areas in Laos to determine whether or not any land predicted to be suitable for this species is coincident with a national protected area. We found that both area under the curve (AUC) values and interview data provided strong support for the predictive power of these models, and we suggest that interview data could be used more widely in species distribution niche modeling. Our results further indicated that this species is mostly likely geographically restricted to high altitude regions (i.e., over 1,000 m elevation) in northern Laos and that only a minute fraction of suitable habitat is currently protected. This work thus emphasizes that increased protection efforts, including listing this species as endangered and the establishment of protected areas in the region predicted to be suitable for L. laoensis, are urgently needed.     

Biotic crises and stages of radiolarian evolution in the Phanerozoic

The questions of ecology and taphonomy of radiolarians are reviewed and reexamined. In Recent oceans and seas, the major part of the “radiolarian rain” (dead individuals) comes from the layer of the water column which is not deeper than 500 m; therefore, the bottom radiolarian thanatocenoses and taphocenoses are formed in all oceanic zones, including the coastal and central oligotrophic regions of oceans. However, radiolarians should not be regarded as indicators of exclusively deepwater oceanic conditions. The crucial moments in the evolution of radiolarians at the major Phanerozoic boundaries are recognized. A dynamic model of cyclic development of radiolarians in the Phanerozoic is proposed and four phases and nine stages in their evolution are recognized. The absence of an outburst of radiolarian biodiversity in the Holocene is shown. Many great extinctions of radiolarians occurred at the boundaries between seasons of galactic years.     

Permian and Triassic radiolarians from chert breccia in the Nong Prue area,western Thailand: its origin and depositional setting in the Paleotethys

Bedded chert and siliceous shale successions previously regarded as the Silurian–Devonian rock units, distributed in the Nong Prue area, northwest of Kanchanaburi, western Thailand, yielded Lopingian (upper Permian) and Lower–Middle Triassic radiolarians. We found chert breccia layers in northern Nong Prue area, mainly consisting of angular to sub-angular chert clasts with matrices of silt-sized chert grains and clay minerals. We discriminated uppermost Pennsylvanian–Lopingian (upper Carboniferous–upper Permian) and Middle Triassic radiolarian-bearing chert clasts from four different levels of the chert breccia; 28 species of 15 genera with one radiolarian gen. et sp. indet. are identified. On the basis of sedimentary characteristics of the chert breccia, we suggest that the chert breccia is of sedimentary origin. The radiolarian assemblages reported here, together with previously known lithological and paleontological evidence, further indicate that the chert breccia was deposited in the Paleotethys with chert clasts derived from fine grained siliceous rocks in the continental margin to deep ocean basin of the Sibumasu Terrane.