端粒酶RNA的反义cDNA对乳腺癌细胞端区长度的影响

应用反义核酸技术,将端粒酶ＲＮＡ的ｃＤＮＡ反向插入整合型腺病毒载体ｐＡｄＥ１ＣＭＶＩＴＲＥＸｎｅｏ,与ｐＢ－ＨＧ１１Ｘ共转染２９３细胞反获得反义重组病毒。将此反义重组病毒感染乳腺癌细胞ＭＣＦ－７后,使细胞端区长度缩短。     

抗白粉病小麦染色体组型的分子标记与生化标记分析

应用与小麦第六同源群有关的分子和生化标记,包括ＤＮＡ探针ｐＳｃ５·３Ｈ３和ｐＳＲ１６７以及同工酶Ｅｓｔ－５和ａ－Ａｍｙ－１,对来自六倍体小黑麦Ｂｅａｇｌｅ与普通小麦科冬５８杂交后代Ｆ１花粉植株的抗白粉病株系Ｍ２４．Ｍ０９及Ｍ１７进行了分析。结果表明,Ｍ２４、Ｍ０９及Ｍ１７不同程度地含有黑麦染色体成分,而且电泳谱带差别较大,据此推断,Ｍ０９为６ＲＬ的易位系。因此,生化和分子标记不仅可以用于确定外源片段的存在,而且可以帮助确定染色体组型和外源片段的位置     

中国疫苗株鸡痘病毒插入载体的构建与MDV糖蛋白B的表达

在对中国鸡痘病毒疫苗株２８２Ｅ４基因组ＤＮＡ进行克隆与亚克隆的基础上,进一步插入Ｐ１１－ＬａｃＺ标记基因,根据蓝斑选择原理筛选出３个病毒在细胞培养物上生长所不必需的片段,为了便于外源基因的插入,特将Ｐ７．５－Ｐ１１－ＬａｃＺ基因框转移至ＢＬＵＥＳＣＲＩＰＴＳＫＭ１３－的Ａｐａｌ将ＭＣＳ－Ｐ７．５－Ｐ１１－ＬａｃＺ框切下,置入一个亚克隆的非必需片段中,构建成中国鸡痘病毒插入载体ｐＦＧ１１７５－１,以     

丙型肝炎病毒C33_c单克隆抗体的研制和鉴定

用丙型肝炎病毒重组蛋白Ｃ３３_ｃ抗原免疫ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ小鼠,运用杂交瘤技术成功地建立了７株能稳定分泌抗Ｃ３３_ｃ单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞１Ｈ６Ｄ２、２Ｇ１Ａ６、３Ａ４Ａ８、３Ｅ３Ｅ７、４Ｇ１２Ｃ１０、４Ａ１０Ｃ２、５Ｆ４Ｂ６．试验结果表明,７株ＭｃＡｂｓ具有良好的ＨＣＶ特异性,间接ＥＬＩＳＡ法测得小鼠腹水ＭｃＡｂ效价为１：１０￣４－１：４×１０￣４;竞争抑制实验和相加指数测定证实７株ＭｃＡｂｓ识别相关的抗原表位;７株ＭｃＡｂｓ中１株为ＩｇＭ（５Ｆ４Ｂ６）,其它６株为ＩｇＧ（２ａ）。     

麻疯树根的化学成分研究

从麻疯树（Ｊａｔｒｏｐｈａ ｃｕｒｃａｓ Ｌ．）的根中分离到１３ 个化合物,经理化常数和波谱鉴定（ＩＲ、１Ｈ－ＮＭＲ、１３Ｃ－ＮＭＲ、ＥＩＭＳ和ＦＡＢＭＳ）分别为∶５α－豆甾烷－３,６－二酮（１）、川皮甙（２）、β－谷甾醇（３）、蒲公英脑（４）、２Ｓ－正二十四饱和脂肪酸甘油酯－１（５）、５－羟基－６,７－二甲氧基香豆素（６）、麻疯树酚酮Ａ（７）、麻疯树酚酮Ｂ（８）、６－甲氧基－７－羟基香豆素（９）、ｃａｎｉｏｊａｎｅ （１０）、３－羟基－４－甲氧基－苯甲醛（１１）、３－甲氧基－４－羟基苯甲酸（１２）和胡萝卜甙（１３）． 其中,化合物５ 为未见报道的新化合物,化合物１、２、９、１０、１１、１２ 为首次从该植物中分得,１０ 为含有过氧基团的二萜化合物． ７ 和８ 为一对四环二萜的立体异构体,并在碱中相互转化     

细胞凋亡过程中c-erbB-2基因的表达

据文献报道ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２可以介导细胞凋亡,为检验这一结论是否具有普遍性,用５－氟尿嘧啶（５－Ｆｕ）诱导小鼠成纤维细胞ＮＣ３Ｈ１０,ＴＣ３Ｈ１０及人乳腺癌细胞ＭＣＦ－７的凋亡．用Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印迹法检测ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２的表达状况．结果显示：ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２基因表达在５－Ｆｕ作用６ｈ开始降低,１２ｈ降低更为明显．作用２４～４８ｈ出现细胞存活率下降,ＤＮＡ梯状断裂及细胞周期凋亡峰等凋亡典型现象．实验结果并不支持ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ－２可介导细胞凋亡的观点．该基因在细胞凋亡过程中有何作用尚待探讨．     

利用生化及分子标记确定长穗偃麦草(Elytrigia elongatum, EE. 2n=14)染色体与小麦染色体的部分同源性

利用限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）及等电聚焦（ＩＥＦ）技术确定普通小麦中国春－二倍体长穗僵麦草７个异附加系所附加的外源染色体与小麦染色体的部分同源性,共有８个生化标记,１３个ＲＦＬＰ标记在亲本间揭示了多态性。结果表明：长穗堰麦草的ＩＥ、２Ｅ、３Ｅ、４Ｅ、 ５Ｅ、６Ｅ、７Ｅ ７条染色体分别与小麦染色体的 １、２、３、４、５、６、７ ７个部分同源群具有部分同源关系,堰麦草的ＩＥ与７Ｅ、５Ｅ与７Ｅ染色体间可能发生过重排。同时,研究还分别将Ｅｓｔ－Ｅ５、Ｅｓｔ－Ｅ８位点定位于３ＥＬ,Ｐｅｒ－Ｅ１定位于７Ｅ, Ｐｅｒ－Ｅ４定位于５Ｅ,β－Ａｍｙ－Ｅ１定位于４ＥＬ染色体,并进一步将α－Ａｍｙ－Ｅ１位点定位于６Ｅ染色体长臂上。     

温州不同区域泽蛙染色体组型比较研究

本文报道温州四个不同区域泽蛙（ Ｒａｎａｌｉｍｎｏｃｈａｒｉｓ Ｂｏｉｅ） 的染色体组型。结果表明四处泽蛙均为２ｎ＝２６ （５ ＋８） , ＮＦ＝５２ 。温州市区、乐清、洞头泽蛙在６ｐ 上有一对次缢痕, 文成泽蛙在７ｐ 上有一对次缢痕。洞头、文成泽蛙ｎｏｓ－４、９、１１ 为ＳＭ 染色体, 其余均为Ｍ 染色体; 温州泽蛙ｎｏｓ－３、４、８ 为ＳＭ, 其余均为Ｍ 染色体;乐清泽蛙ｎｏｓ－４、９ 为ＳＭ 染色体, 其余均为Ｍ 染色体。通过温州不同区域以及国内外其它地区泽蛙染色体组型的比较, 结果差异明显, 显示泽蛙核型的多样性。     

利用生化及分子标记确定长穗偃麦草（Elytrigia elongatum,EE.2n=14） …

利用限制性片段长度多态性（ＲＦＬＰ）及等电聚焦（ＩＥＦ）技术确定普通小麦中国春－二倍体长穗偃麦草７个异附加系所附加的外源染以体与小麦染色体的部分同源性,共有８个生化标记,１３个ＲＦＬＰ标记在亲本间揭示了多态性,结果表明：长穗偃麦草的１Ｅ,２Ｅ,３Ｅ,４Ｅ,５Ｅ,６Ｅ,７Ｅ７条染色体分别与小麦染色体的１、２、３、４、５、６、７７个部分同源群具有部分同源关系,偃麦草的１Ｅ与７Ｅ、５Ｅ与７Ｅ染色体间可能     

普通小麦—鹅观草异附加系的选育与鉴定初报

应用根尖细胞染色体计数、花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体配对构型分析、植株外形特征观察、染色体Ｃ－分带技术,在普通小麦（Ｔｒｉｔｉｃｕｍ ａｅｓｔｉｖｕｍ Ｌ．）－鹅观草（Ｒｏｅｇｎｅｒｉａ ｋａｍ ｏｊｉＯｈｗ ｉ）的杂交及回交后代Ｆ５、ＢＣ１Ｆ３、ＢＣ１Ｆ４和ＢＣ２Ｆ４群体中选育并鉴定出３个二体异附加系Ｖ３９－１５－５、Ｖ３５－８－８ 和Ｖ５８－６－１１。对植株外形特征观察法和Ｃ－分带技术在普通小麦－鹅观草异附加系的选育和鉴定过程中的作用等问题进行了讨论     

Spectral karyotyping of the human colon cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620

The cell lines SW480 and SW620, derived from different stages of colon carcinoma in the same patient, have been used for a number of biochemical, immunological, and genetic studies on colon cancer. A comparative analysis of their karyotypes may identify chromosomal aberrations that might represent markers for metastatic spread. In the present study spectral karyotyping (SKY) was applied to these two colon cancer cell lines. Compared to previously reported G-banded karyotypes, 9 (SW480) and 7 (SW620) markers were identical, 3 (SW480) and 3 (SW620) markers could be redefined, 5 (SW480) and 8 (SW620) markers were newly identified, and 4 (SW480) and 5 (SW620) of the previous described markers could not be confirmed. The redefined aberrations include very complex rearrangements, such as a der(16) t(3;16;1;16;8;16; 1;16;10) and a der(18)t(18;15;17)(q12; p11p13;??) in SW620 and a der(19)t(19;8;19;5) in SW480, that have not been identified by conventional banding techniques. The resulting chromosome gains (5q11-->5q15, 7pter-->q22, 11, 13q14-->qter, 20pter-->p12, X) and losses (8pter-->p2, 18q12-->qter, Y) found in both SW480 and SW620 were in good agreement with those frequently described in colorectal tumors as primary changes in the stem cell. Abnormalities found exclusively in SW620 cells only (gains of 5pter-->5q11, 12q12-->q23, 15p13-->p11, and 16q21-->q24 and losses of 2pter-->2p24, 4q28-->qter, and 6q25-->qter) can be viewed as changes that occurred in a putative metastatic founder cell.     

High frequency of common DNA copy number abnormalities detected by bacterial artificial chromosome array comparative genomic hybridization in 24 breast cancer cell lines

Breast cancer is a widespread disease in Japan and across the world. Breast cancer cells, as well as most other types of cancer cells, have diverse chromosomal aberrations. Clarifying the character of these chromosomal aberrations should contribute to the development of more suitable therapies, along with the predictions of metastasis and prognosis. Twenty-four breast cancer cell lines were analyzed by bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH). The array slide contained duplicate spots of 4030 BAC clone DNAs covering the entire human genome with 1 Mbp resolution. In all 24 breast cancer cell lines, frequent and significant amplifications as well as deletions were detected by BAC array CGH. Common DNA copy number gains, detected in 60% (above 15 cell lines) of the 24 breast cancer cell lines were found in 76 BAC clones, located at 1q, 5p, 8q, 9p, 16p, 17q, and 20q. Moreover, common DNA copy number loss was detected in 136 BAC clones, located at 1q, 2q, 3p, 4p, 6q, 8p, 9p, 11p, 13q, 17p, 18q, 19p, Xp, and Xq. The DNA copy number abnormalities found included abnormality of the well-known oncogene cMYC (8q24.21); however, most of them were not reported to relate to breast cancer. BAC array CGH has great potential to detect DNA copy number abnormalities, and has revealed that breast cancer cell lines have substantial heterogeneity.     

Molecular cytogenetic characterization of pancreas cancer cell lines reveals high complexity chromosomal alterations

Karyotype analysis can provide clues to significant genes involved in the genesis and growth of pancreas cancer. The genome of pancreas cancer is complex, and G-band analysis cannot resolve many of the karyotypic abnormalities seen. We studied the karyotypes of 15 recently established cell lines using molecular cytogenetic tools. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis of all 15 lines identified genomic gains of 3q, 8q, 11q, 17q, and chromosome 20 in nine or more cell lines. CGH confirmed frequent loss of chromosome 18, 17p, 6q, and 8p. 14/15 cell lines demonstrated loss of chromosome 18q, either by loss of a copy of chromosome 18 (n = 5), all of 18q (n = 7) or portions of 18q (n = 2). Multicolor FISH (Spectral Karyotyping, or SKY) of 11 lines identified many complex structural chromosomal aberrations. 93 structurally abnormal chromosomes were evaluated, for which SKY added new information to 67. Several potentially site-specific recurrent rearrangements were observed. Chromosome region 18q11.2 was recurrently involved in nine cell lines, including formation of derivative chromosomes 18 from a t(18;22) (three cell lines), t(17;18) (two cell lines), and t(12;18), t(15;18), t(18;20), and ins(6;18) (one cell line each). To further define the breakpoints involved on chromosome 18, YACs from the 18q11.2 region, spanning approximately 8 Mb, were used to perform targeted FISH analyses of these lines. We found significant heterogeneity in the breakpoints despite their G-band similarity, including multiple independent regions of loss proximal to the already identified loss of DPC4 at 18q21.     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel class of isatin analogs as dual inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and Akt pathway

A novel series of 5,7-dibromoisatin analogs were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxicities against four human cancer cell lines including colon HT29, breast MCF-7, lung A549 and melanoma UACC903. Analogs 6, 11 and 13 displayed good in vitro anticancer activity on the HT29 human colon cancer cell line in the 1 μM range. Analogs 5, 9 and 12, containing a selenocyanate group in the alkyl chain were the most promising compounds on the breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. Biological assays relating to apoptosis were performed to understand the mechanism of action of these analogs. Compounds 5 and 6 were found to inhibit tubulin polymerization to the same extent as the anticancer drug vinblastine sulfate, but compounds 11 and 13 inhibited significantly better than vinblastine. Further western blot analysis suggested that compound 6 at 2 μM reduced both levels and phosphorylation state of Akt. Compounds 11 and 13 at 1 μM caused reduced Akt protein levels and strongly suppressed the phosphorylation of Akt. Therefore, 11 and 13 were demonstrated as efficient dual inhibitors of both tubulin polymerization and the Akt pathway and good candidates for further study. More importantly, the strategy of microtubule and Akt dual inhibitors might be a promising direction for developing novel drugs for cancer.     

Isolation of 1001 new markers from human chromosome 11, excluding the region of 11p13-p15.5, and their sublocalization by a new series of radiation-reduced somatic cell hybrids.

The determination of the physical map of human chromosome 11 will require more clones than are currently available. We have isolated an additional 1001 new markers in a bacteriophage vector from a somatic cell hybrid cell line that contains most of chromosome 11, except the middle of the short arm. These markers were localized to five different regions, 11p15-pter, 11p12-cen, 11q11-q14, 11q14-q23, and 11q23-qter, by a panel of previously characterized somatic cell hybrids. The region 11q11-14 harbors genes that have been shown to be important in breast cancer, B-cell lymphomas, centrocytic lymphomas, asthma, and multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 1 (MEN1). To determine the positions of the recombinant clones located there, we developed a new series of radiation-reduced somatic cell hybrids. These hybrids, together with those previously characterized, allowed us to map the 11q11-q14 markers into 11 separate segregation groups.     

癌睾丸抗原TFDP3与乳腺癌上皮间质化(EMT)的相关性研究

目的:本研究探讨了癌睾丸抗原TFDP3与乳腺癌细胞上皮间质化(epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT)的关系。方法:本研究中选取了乳腺癌细胞系(MCF-10A,MCF-7,SK-BR-3和MDA-MB-231)作为研究对象,通过Western Blot的方法筛选获得了TFDP3低水平表达的乳腺癌细胞株。进一步通过质粒转染的方式构建TFDP3过表达的细胞系模型,观察TFDP3在EMT中的作用。结果:TFDP3在MCF-10A及SK-BR-3中不表达,在间质化程度较高的MDA-MB-231中高水平表达,而在上皮化程度较高的MCF-7中的低水平表达。MCF-7中过表达TFDP3后,上皮细胞标记分子E-cadherin表达下调,而间质细胞标记分子N-cadherin、Snail、Twist及细胞骨架蛋白Vimentin表达上调。结论:TFDP3可以促进乳腺癌细胞发生EMT。     

Localization of multiple melanoma tumor-suppressor genes on chromosome 11 by use of homozygosity mapping-of-deletions analysis

Loss-of-heterozygosity (LOH) studies have implicated one or more chromosome 11 tumor-suppressor gene(s) in the development of cutaneous melanoma as well as a variety of other forms of human cancer. In the present study, we have identified multiple independent critical regions on this chromosome by use of homozygosity mapping of deletions (HOMOD) analysis. This method of analysis involved the use of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers and statistics to identify regions of hemizygous deletion in unmatched melanoma cell line DNAs. Regions of loss were defined by the presence of an extended region of homozygosity (ERH) at > or =5 adjacent markers and having a statistical probability of < or =.001. Significant ERHs were similar in nature to deletions identified by LOH analyses performed on uncultured melanomas, although a higher frequency of loss (24 [60%] of 40 vs. 16 [34%] of 47) was observed in the cell lines. Overall, six small regions of overlapping deletions (SROs) were identified on chromosome 11 flanked by the markers D11S1338/D11S907 (11p13-15.5 [SRO1]), D11S1344/D11S11385 (11p11.2 [SRO2]), D11S917/D11S1886 (11q21-22.3 [SRO3]), D11S927/D11S4094 (11q23 [SRO4]), AFM210ve3/D11S990 (11q24 [SRO5]), and D11S1351/D11S4123 (11q24-25 [SRO6]). We propose that HOMOD analysis can be used as an adjunct to LOH analysis in the localization of tumor-suppressor genes.     

Anticancer activities of novel chalcone and bis-chalcone derivatives

A series of novel chalcones and bis-chalcones containing boronic acid moieties has been synthesized and evaluated for antitumor activity against the human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 (estrogen receptor-negative) and MCF7 (estrogen receptor-positive) cell lines and against two normal breast epithelial cell lines, MCF-10A and MCF-12A. These molecules inhibited the growth of the human breast cancer cell lines at low micromolar to nanomolar concentrations, with five of them (1-4, 9) showing preferential inhibition of the human breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, bis-chalcone 8 exhibited a more potent inhibition of colon cancer cells expressing wild-type p53 than of an isogenic cell line that was p53-null.     

A Common Region of Deletion on Chromosome 17q in Both Sporadic and Familial Epithelial Ovarian Tumors Distal to BRCA1

Linkage analysis in familial breast and ovarian cancer and studies of allelic deletion in sporadic ovarian tumors have identified a region on chromosome 17q containing a candidate tumor-suppressor gene (referred to as BRCA1) of likely importance in ovarian carcinogenesis. We have examined normal and tumor DNA samples from 32 patients with sporadic and 8 patients with familial forms of the disease, for loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at 21 loci on chromosome 17 (7 on 17p and 14 on 17q). LOH on 17p was 55% (22/40) for informative 17pl3.1 and 17pl3.3 markers. When six polymorphic markers flanking the familial breast/ovarian cancer susceptibility locus on 17ql2-q21 were used, LOH was 58% (23/40), with one tumor showing telomeric retention. Evaluation of a set of markers positioned telomeric to BRCA1 resulted in the highest degree of LOH, 73% (29/40), indicating that a candidate locus involved in ovarian cancer may reside distal to BRCA1. Five of the tumors demonstrating allelic loss for 17q markers were from individuals with a strong family history of breast and ovarian cancer. More important, two of these tumors (unique patient number [UPN] 57 and UPN 79) retained heterozygosity for all informative markers spanning the BRCA1 locus but showed LOH at loci distal to but not including the anonymous markers CMM86 (D17S74) and 42D6 (D17S588), respectively. Deletion mapping of seven cases (two familial and five sporadic) showing limited LOH on 17q revealed a common region of deletion, distal to GH and proximal to D17S4, that spans −25 cM. These results suggest that a potential tumor-suppressor gene involved in both sporadic and familial ovarian cancer may reside on the distal portion of chromosome 17q and is distinct from the BRCA1 gene.     

Metabolic Profiling Reveals Sphingosine-1-Phosphate Kinase 2 and Lyase as Key Targets of (Phyto-) Estrogen Action in the Breast Cancer Cell Line MCF-7 and Not in MCF-12A

To search for new targets of anticancer therapies using phytoestrogens we performed comparative metabolic profiling of the breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and the non-tumorigenic breast cell line MCF-12A. Application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed significant differences in the metabolic levels after exposure with 17ß-estradiol, genistein or a composition of phytoestrogens within a native root flax extract. We observed the metabolites 3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-lactic acid, cis-aconitic acid, 11-beta-hydroxy-progesterone, chenodeoxycholic acid and triacontanoic acid with elevated levels due to estrogen action. Particularly highlighted were metabolites of the sphingolipid metabolism. Sphingosine and its dihydro derivate as well as ethanolaminephosphate were significantly altered after exposure with 1 nM 17ß-estradiol in the cell line MCF-7, while MCF-12A was not affected. Treatment with genistein and the flax extract normalized the sphingosine concentrations to the basic levels found in MCF-12A cells. We could further demonstrate that the expression levels of the sphingosine metabolizing enzymes: sphingosine-1-phosphate kinase (Sphk) and lyase (S1P lyase) were significantly influenced by estrogens as well as phytoestrogens. The isoform Sphk2 was overexpressed in the tumorigenic cell line MCF-7, while S1P lyase was predominantly expressed in the non-tumorigenic cell line MCF-12A. Importantly, in MCF-7 the weak S1P lyase expression could be significantly increased after exposure with 10 µM genistein and 1 µg/ml root flax extract. Here, we present, for the first time, an analysis of metabolic response of phytoestrogens to breast cancer cell lines. The contrasting regulation of sphingolipid enzymes in MCF-7 and MCF-12A render them as preferred targets for future anticancer strategies.