糖基化学品的生物制造

正目前,糖基化学品的合成主要通过提取法、化学合成法来生产,然而这些合成法存在严重的弊端。化学合成法会带来严重的环境污染且生物活性低;提取法收率较低,原料有限。代谢工程作为一种重要糖基化学品合成工具,已经成为替代原有化学合成方法的有效策略。综述了N-乙酰氨基葡萄糖、木糖醇、海藻糖、甘草酸等几种应用广泛的精细糖基化学品的生物制造与应用,并讨论了生物制造糖基化学品的前景和挑战。     

血虚证动物模型的标准化研究初探

目的：建立标准化的血虚证动物模型。方法：采用慢性失血法、溶血法和骨髓抑制法制造三种血虚证模型,观察一般情况和与血发生有关的实验室指标,并用四物汤反证造摸效果。结果：三种动物模型均符合血虚证表现,同时出现外周血、骨髓有核细胞数目和细胞周期的改变,四物汤对3种动物模型均有一定疗效。结论：建立了3种符合标准化的血虚证模型。     

眼药水的制造法

<正> 专利申请范围: 系从中性、酸性和碱性氨基酸中选择两种以上氨基酸配成缓冲剂使用为特征之眼药水制造法。发明的详细说明: 本发明是关于使用新缓冲剂之眼药水制造法。一般地讲,作为眼药水使用缓冲剂要有防止眼药水的pH变化充分的缓冲能力和点眼后能迅速的适应眼内生理条件,并且要求无毒性。     

眼药水的制造法

<正> 专利申请范围: 系从中性、酸性和碱性氨基酸中选择两种以上氨基酸配成缓冲剂使用为特征之眼药水制造法。发明的详细说明: 本发明是关于使用新缓冲剂之眼药水制造法。一般地讲,作为眼药水使用缓冲剂要有防止眼药水的pH变化充分的缓冲能力和点眼后能迅速的适应眼内生理条件,并且要求无毒性。     

模仿自然界——基于基因高频突变的蛋白质人工进化技术

从上世纪50年代发现DNA双螺旋结构以来,科学家积累了大量的有关生物的生理和病理分子机理的知识。人们期望从生物学的基础研究中衍生出高效、环保的生物相关制造产业,为人类服务。为了发展生物制造产业,生物基础元件蛋白质和基因的制造技术必不可少。最近出现了一种基于基因高频突变的蛋白质人工进化技术。这一技术已成功应用于新抗体的产生,以及抗体和荧光蛋白质的改造。这一技术的进一步发展将成为蛋白质改造、乃至新蛋白质制造的重要工具。     

植物资源开发利用新信息——国外有关植物的专利摘要(十)

271.用植物细胞培养法自二氧化碳制造氧 根据日本1991年专利记载。一种用大气CO_2制造氧的方法包括:(1)收集和分离CO_2;(2)通过培养植物或藻类光合作用转化CO_2为O。这种方法和设备可以在各种生活环境中进行,如在海底以至空气稀薄的地方。 272.用落葵果汁染红色 根据日本1991年专利记载。用落葵(Basella ru-bra)的果汁和选用下列一种化合物:铝化合物、聚磷酸、抗坏血酸及其钠盐,染食品、饲料、药物、化妆品为红色,可以抗因热导致的褪色。     

基于线粒体CO 1基因序列的DNA条形码在鲤科鲌属鱼类物种鉴定中的应用

本研究探讨了线粒体CO1基因作为DNA条形码对鲌属鱼类进行物种鉴定的可行性。研究中获得了鲌属4种鱼类共32个个体长度为816bp的CO1基因序列。利用MEGA软件计算鲌属鱼类种间及种内遗传距离,利用邻接法、最大简约法、最大似然法和Bayesian方法分别构建分子系统树。结果显示,鲌属鱼类的种间遗传距离显著大于种内遗传距离。在系统树中,鲌属鱼类每一物种的个体分别形成各自独立的分支。基于CO1基因的DNA条形码在识别鲌属鱼类物种方面和传统形态学基本一致,而且该基因可以探讨鲌属鱼类种间的系统发育关系。本研究表明以CO1基因作为鲌属鱼类DNA条形码进行物种鉴定具有一定的可行性。     

基因组规模代谢网络模型的约束算法及其应用

工业微生物是微生物制造的核心,而微生物制造过程中微生物的生产性能是提高微生物制造过程效率的关键。结合基于约束条件的优化算法的基因组规模代谢网络模型是全局规模上认识、调控和优化工业微生物生理功能的重要平台。本文在简述基因组规模代谢网络模型构建的基础上,详细介绍了基于约束条件的优化算法的原理、分类和应用实例,为提高微生物制造过程效率奠定了坚实的基础。     

生物酶法生产生物柴油的研究进展

生物柴油是一种对环境友好的绿色可再生能源,是石油燃料的理想替代品。目前用于制造生物柴油的方法主要有化学法、生物酶法、超临界法。将生物酶法与化学法及超临界法进行了比较,指出了生物酶法具有其他两种方法无法比拟的优势,但酶法也存在着反应效率低、生产成本高的缺点;针对如何提高酶法生产效率及降低生产成本的问题进行了综述,并对生物柴油酶法技术的发展提出了建议。     

改良丝线结扎法建立大鼠牙周病模型的实验研究

目的:探讨改良丝线结扎法建立大鼠牙周病模型的可行性。方法:本实验创新一种新的手段,利用玻璃离子水门汀结合传统丝线结扎法建立大鼠牙周病模型,即在丝线结扎大鼠第一磨牙之后,在大鼠磨牙牙颈部丝线附近堆砌有黏着性的玻璃离子水门汀制造利于丝线固定的外形高点并同时稍微垫高咬合面,制造咬合创伤,加快牙周病的发生发展。结果:改良丝线结扎法建立牙周病模型的成功率为95%,相比传统丝线结扎发的65%,具有更高的成功率,模型建立更稳定,相比现有各种改良方法操作更简便易行。结论:改良丝线结扎法相比传统丝线结扎法建立大鼠牙周病模型具有更高的稳定性和成功率。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

棉铃虫钙粘蛋白N端多肽多克隆抗体制备及对Bt抗性的初步检测

用重组表达的棉铃虫Helicoverpa armigera(Hübner)中肠钙粘蛋白N端多肽片段制备兔多克隆抗体,并利用其对Bt抗性进行鉴定。通过RT-PCR方法对棉铃虫中肠钙粘蛋白N端多肽的基因片段Cad285进行PCR扩增,将其克隆到pET-30a原核表达载体中,在大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)中经IPTG诱导表达,得到35ku的重组融和蛋白,融合表达的包涵体经过变性、Ni-NTA柱亲和纯化、复性等方法处理包涵体,获得可溶性纯化蛋白,用纯化后蛋白免疫新西兰兔制备多克隆抗体,ELISA检测其效价高于1∶16000;利用最终获得的多克隆抗体对室内纯合Bt抗/感品系的棉铃虫中肠钙粘蛋白进行Western blot分析,结果显示敏感和抗性品系之间有明显差异,表明其能够应用对Bt抗性进行初步检测。     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。