PBL双语教学在八年制本科神经病学教学初探

八年制临床医学神经病学专业本科教育是一个互动性较强的教学过程。采取PBL结合双语教学的授课模式,能够较好地促进学生自主学习、活跃临床思维,教学效果理想。PBL结合双语教学为培养具有创新性和国际视野的高层次、高水平临床医学尖端人才奠定了厚实的基础。     

八年制学生医学免疫学实验教学改革的探索

为了适应我国医学教育培养高素质创新人才的要求、提高本科生创新意识和综合能力,本研究对我校八年制医学生医学免疫学实验教学进行了系列探索与实践。经过5年的实践表明,我校医学免疫学实验教学改革已取得初步成效：优化了医学免疫学实验教学内容、初步探索出一套行之有效的实验室开放模式、建立了适合本科学生进行创新思维和综合训练的技术平台、建立并完善了实验教学质量保障体系。为国内高等医学院校建立医学免疫学实验教学模式提供了有价值的参考。     

双语和互动式教学在八年制临床医学生物化学教学中的探索与实践

生物化学作为一门基础医学课,是任何学制医学专业学生的必修课,如何有效完成八年制对本课程的更高要求,需要探索适合本专业的教学方法.我们综合运用双语和互动教学法,扩大双语教学的授课范围并强化专业英语的掌握与使用,同时加强互动,不仅使学生牢固掌握了课程的专业知识,也为更高层次的学习打下了良好的基础.通过对两届八年制学生<生物化学>双语和互动式教学模式的探索和尝试,目前已经取得了较好的效果.     

八年制医学生妇产科临床实习教学法探讨

八年制医学生临床实习是理论应用于临床实践的过程,是八年制医学生教学的重点。传统”填鸭式”的教学方法限制了八年制医学生的进一步发展,不能满足高素质教育的要求。PBL教学法是以问题为基础的教学方法。大多研究表明,PBL影响知识的应用而不影响知识的获得,而EBM一循证医学的思维恰好是医学生获取知识的最佳指导思想。本文将PBL教学法和EBM思维结合到八年制医学生妇产科实际临床教学中发现,虽然在理论考试成绩上无明显差异,但在临床病例分析能力、临床证据采集能力、教学方式满意程度等方面均优于仅用PBL或者是仅用EBM的教学组。PBL教学法联合EBM思维更能提高八年制医学生分析问题、解决问题的能力,值得进一步推广应用。     

如何培养学生的创新思维——以《植物学》“根”一节的教学过程为例

大学是培养创新型人才的重要场所,而培养学生的创新思维能力是培养创新型人才的关键。以《植物学》课程中的＂根＂的教学过程为例,探讨了＂问题串＂教学法、思维导图学习法以及概念重定义法在教学过程中的应用,实践表明,这样的教学方法有利于学生创新思维能力的培养,使学生在获得知识的同时学会科学的学习方法和创新思维方法。     

探索医学研究生的《分子生物学》教学改革

培养具有创新思维和独立创新能力的高素质人才,是医学研究生教育的培养目标,也是新的历史时期对培养高等医学人才 的要求。《医学分子生物学》课程对于研究生教学至关重要,已成为医学研究生的重要基础课程。我们在多年教学经验的基础上, 通过调整理论教学模式、优化知识结构、合理设置教学内容、扩展前沿知识领域、改善考核方式等多个举措,着重培养研究生的独 立科研创新能力,使得研究生《医学分子生物学》教学改革取得一定成效。     

基于创新能力培养的“人体解剖与动物生理学实验”教学内容的优化北大核心CSCD

高等教育是实践创新创业教育的主阵地,创新创业教育是培养创新型人才和提升大学生社会适应的重要途径。研究结合“人体解剖与动物生理学实验”课程特点,以实现创新型人才培养为目标对实验教学内容进行改革和优化,旨在培养学生理论联系实践的思维、应用解剖生理学知识与医学、药学、生活实践结合的创新能力及应用科研服务社会的创新意识,为高校毕业生求职创业奠定基础,实现创新教育和专业教育一体化。     

八年制医学生临床诊断学见习课教学模式初探

目的:探索适合八年制医学生教育特点的临床诊断见习教学模式,提高八年制医学生临床思维能力.方法:根据八年制医学生的特点,以学生为主体,采用多元化教学方法,如:分时段讲解式授课、以典型病例为核心的CBL教学法及临床实践等,运用多样化的教学手段,对八年制医学生的临床诊断学见习课教学方法进行改革探索.结果:八年制医学生的临床思维能力得到了全面提高,取得较好的教学效果.结论:多元化教学模式适合八年制医学生临床诊断见习教学.     

生物化学教学中创新人才培养探究CSCD

课堂教学是培养创新人才的重要途径,我们从专业思维培养、批判思维培养、重视科学发现历程、教学密切联系科研进展及理论知识联系实际问题5个方面,对如何在高校生物化学教学中实现创新人才培养进行了探索,旨在为更好地利用课堂教学培养创新人才提供参考。     

生物化学教学中创新人才培养探究

课堂教学是培养创新人才的重要途径,我们从专业思维培养、批判思维培养、重视科学发现历程、教学密切联系科研进展及理论知识联系实际问题5个方面,对如何在高校生物化学教学中实现创新人才培养进行了探索,旨在为更好地利用课堂教学培养创新人才提供参考。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.