无缝线巩膜隧道瓣小梁切除联合白内障超声乳化人工晶体植入术治疗青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效

目的:探讨无缝线巩膜隧道瓣小梁切除术与白内障超声乳化人工晶体(IOL)植入术联合治疗青光眼伴白内障患者的疗效。方法:将88例青光眼伴白内障患者,随机分为观察组与对照组,44例每组。观察组行无缝线巩膜隧道瓣小梁切除术+白内障超声乳化摘除术+IOL植入术,对照组行经典小梁切除术+白内障超声乳化摘除术+IOL植入术,对比两组的疗效。结果:术后6个月,观察组视力提高率为86.36%,视力0.5率为81.82%,显著高于对照组的72.73%、68.18%(P0.05);观察组术后眼压和散光度显著低于对照组(P0.05);观察组的功能滤泡形成率为84.09%,显著高于对照组的70.45%(P0.05);观察组术后角膜内皮细胞丢失率为4.629%,显著低于对照组的14.760%(P0.05);观察组的并发症发生率为4.55%,显著低于对照组的22.73%(P0.05)。结论:无缝线巩膜隧道瓣小梁切除术与白内障超声乳化IOL植入术联合治疗青光眼伴白内障较经典三联术式具有更好的疗效,可有效改善视力、降低眼压、保护角膜内皮、降低术后并发症,值得推广应用。     

白内障超声乳化术对糖尿病患者角膜内皮细胞和中央角膜厚度影响

目的:评估糖尿病患者和非糖尿病患者在行白内障超声乳化手术后,角膜内皮细胞和中央角膜厚度变化。方法:观察于我院行白内障超声乳化吸出联合人工晶状体植入术的年龄相关性白内障患者各100例(100眼),于术前1天、术后1周、1个月、3个月、6个月和1年随访记录其角膜内皮细胞密度(endothelial cell density, ECD)、六角形细胞百分比(percentage of hexagonal cells,PHC)、变异系数(coefficient of variation, CV)和中央角膜厚度(central corneal thickness, CCT)等指标,并对结果进行统计学分析。结果:非糖尿病组在术前各指标无明显差异(P0.05),术后1年ECD, PHC在两组均下降,CV升高(P0.05),CCT出现明显波动,糖尿病组在术后一周达到峰值。ECD,CV和PHC在术后各时间点出现明显的组间差异(P0.05)。结论:白内障超声乳化术后远期内,糖尿病组的角膜内细胞和中央角膜厚度较非糖尿病组发生显著变化。     

超声乳化联合小梁切除术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床研究

目的:探讨超声乳化白内障吸除术(Phaco)、人工晶状体植入术(IOL)联合小梁切除术(TBL)治疗原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)伴厚晶状体白内障的临床疗效和安全性。方法:将82例(98眼)原发性闭角型青光眼伴厚晶状体白内障患者随机分为A组(41例52眼)和B组(41例46眼),A组行Phaco+IOL+TBL治疗,B组单纯行TBL治疗,比较两组的手术前后眼压、最佳矫正视力、中央前房深度(ACD)、小梁虹膜角(TIA)、房角开放距离500(AOD500)及小梁睫状体距离(TCPD)的变化、视力提高率及并发症的发生情况。结果:两组术后眼压均较术前显著降低,且A组的降低幅度显著高于B组(P0.05);两组术后最佳矫正视力均显著提高,且A组显著高于B组(P0.05);A组术后视力提高率为86.54%,显著高于B组的32.61%(P0.05);两组术后ACD、TIA、AOD500及TCPD均显著提高,且A组显著高于B组(P0.05);A组手术并发症发生率为5.77%,显著低于B组的17.39%(P0.05)。结论:超声乳化白内障摘除术、人工晶状体植入术联合小梁切除术治疗PACG伴厚晶状体白内障的疗效较单用小梁切除术更好,且安全性更高。     

玻璃体切割联合白内障手术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变中的疗效

目的:探讨玻璃体切割联合白内障手术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变的疗效。方法:选择2013年1月至2016年6月我院接诊的90例增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=45)和对照组(n=45)。对照组使用玻璃体切割术+晶状体切除术,观察组使用玻璃体切割术+超声乳化吸除术。比较两组最佳矫正视力、泪液白介素(IL)-2、角膜荧光素染色(FL)、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)以及泪液分泌试验(SIt)的结果以及并发症的发生情况。结果:手术后,观察组最佳矫正视力明显优于对照组(P0.05),泪液IL-2水平明显高于对照组(P0.05),FL显著低于对照组,BUT、SIt明显高于对照组(P0.05),囊膜浑浊、虹膜新生血管、角膜水肿、干眼症的发生率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:玻璃体切割联合超声乳化吸除术治疗增殖性糖尿病视网膜病变患者的效果显著,可促进术后视力恢复,改善泪液分泌,并减少并发症。     

单切口和双切口联合手术对闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者视力、IOP及CCT的影响

目的:探讨单切口和双切口联合手术对闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者视力、眼压(IOP)及中央前房深度(CCT)的影响。方法:选择2013年6月至2016年6月我院收治的90例闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各45例。对照组采用单切口手术治疗,观察组采用双切口手术治疗。观察并比较两组患者治疗前后角膜内皮细胞密度、面积、最佳矫正视力、裸眼视力、IOP以及术后并发症的发生率。结果:与术前比较,两组患者术后角膜内皮细胞密度均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与术前比较,两组患者术后角膜内皮细胞面积均减小,且观察组小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与术前比较,两组患者术后最佳矫正视力、裸眼视力均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与术前比较,两组患者术后IOP均降低,且观察组低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);与术前比较,两组患者术后CCT均升高,且观察组高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组术后并发症总发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:双切口手术治疗闭角型青光眼合并白内障的效果显著,能够有效改善患者视力、IOP及CCT水平,且安全性高,值得临床推广。     

曲安奈德对年龄相关性白内障患者房水TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的影响

目的:探讨曲安奈德对年龄相关性白内障术后患者房水肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α、白介素(IL)-1β、IL-6水平的影响。方法:选择2014年6月至2016年6月我院接诊的92例年龄相关性白内障患者,通过随机数表法分为观察组(n=46)和对照组(n=46),均择期行白内障超声乳化吸除联合人工晶状体植入术。观察组在人工晶状体植入后,在前房内注射曲安奈德,对照组注射复方平衡盐液,术后24 h,使用普拉洛芬滴眼液,连续用药1个月。比较两组手术前、手术后7d后眼压、角膜内皮细胞计数、裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、眼部体征积分、炎症因子的变化,手术后1d、手术后7d时前房反应及不良反应的发生情况。结果:两组手术前后眼压、角膜内皮细胞计数均未发生明显变化(P0.05);手术后,两组裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、眼部体征积分均较治疗前明显改善(P0.05),观察组裸眼视力、最佳矫正视力、眼部体征积分明显优于对照组(P0.05);与手术前相比,两组房水中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平均显著降低(P0.05),观察组房水TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平均明显低于对照组(P0.05);观察组在手术后1d、7d时前房反应1级比例均高于对照组,前房反应3级、4级比例均比对照组低(P0.05);观察组不良反应总发生率明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:曲安奈德用于年龄相关性白内障患者术后患者的效果显著,其可有效缓解术后前葡萄膜炎,减少并发症,促进术后视力恢复,其机制可能与抑制房水中TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6的表达相关。     

超声乳化白内障吸出联合房角分离术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼并发白内障的疗效观察

目的:观察超声乳化白内障吸出联合房角分离术治疗原发性闭角型青光眼(PACG)并发白内障的临床疗效和安全性.方法:将60例(63眼)PACG并发白内障患者随机分为观察组和对照组,观察组采用超声乳化白内障吸出、后房人工晶体植入联合房角分离术治疗,对照组采用超声乳化白内障吸出、后房人工晶状体植入联合小梁切除术治疗,治疗后观察和比较两组患者治疗前后眼压、视力、房角粘连度的变化及并发症的发生情况等.结果:观察组和对照组术后3天、7天和术后1、3、6月时眼压均较术前显著下降,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),且术后观察组眼压显著低于同期对照组患者,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).观察组和对照组术后6月视力与术前比较均显著上升(P＜0.01),且观察组视力显著高于同期对照组(P＜0.01).而观察组和对照组术后6月房角粘连度均下降,与术前比较有显著性差异(P＜0.01),且观察组显著低于同期对照组(P＜0.05).对照组术后并发症的发生率为71.0％,观察组为18.8％,较对照组显著降低(P＜0.01).结论:超声乳化白内障吸出联合房角分离术治疗PACG并发白内障比超声乳化白内障吸出联合后房人工晶状体植入以及小梁切除术更加安全有效.     

玻璃酸钠滴眼液在白内障患者中的应用效果

为了探讨玻璃酸钠滴眼液在白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术术后的应用效果,本研究选取我院收治的白内障患者104例104眼,所有患者采用白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术治疗,同时根据术后治疗方法分为观察组(51例51眼)和对照组(53例53眼),对照组给予常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予0.3%玻璃酸钠滴眼液,分别观察术后1周和1个月两组干眼症状评分、泪膜破裂时间(BUT)、泪液分泌试验(SIt)、角膜荧光素染色(FL)评分,以及IL-6和TNF-α的浓度水平。结果显示:观察组术后1周和1个月干眼症状评分、FL评分,以及IL-6和TNF-α浓度均显著低于对照组(p0.05);而观察组术后1周和1个月的BUT和SIt均高于对照组(p0.05)。由此结果表明:白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术后应用玻璃酸钠滴眼液,可有效改善患者干眼症状,增强泪膜稳定性,有助于眼表功能的恢复。     

白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后感染性眼内炎的影响因素及其预测模型构建

摘要 目的：探讨白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后感染性眼内炎的影响因素及其预测模型构建。方法：回顾性分析2015年2月至2023年2月我院收治的12308例白内障患者的临床资料,所有患者均行白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入手术治疗,统计术后感染性眼内炎发生情况。采用多因素Logistic回归模型分析白内障超声乳化联合人工晶状体植入术后感染性眼内炎的影响因素,根据回归模型构建预测模型,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线验证预测模型的预测效能。结果：12308例患者中发生感染性眼内炎32例（0.26%）。单因素分析结果显示感染组年龄≥70岁、合并糖尿病、手术时间≥30 min、手术切口≥3.2 mm、植入PMMA人工晶体、后囊膜破裂比例高于对照组（P＜0.05）,术中预防性使用抗生素、晶状体后冲洗比例低于对照组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归模型分析显示年龄≥70岁、合并糖尿病、后囊膜破裂、植入PMMA人工晶体是白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术后感染性眼内炎的危险因素（P＜0.05）,术中预防性使用抗生素、晶状体后冲洗是保护因素（P＜0.05）。以Logistic回归模型结果保留变量构建预测模型,Hosmer-Lemeshow拟合优度检验P＞0.05。ROC分析该模型预测白内障超声乳化联合人工晶体植入术后感染性眼内炎的曲线下面积为0.832,灵敏度、特异度分别为81.25%、85.12%。结论：年龄≥70岁、合并糖尿病、后囊膜破裂、植入PMMA人工晶状体是术后感染性眼内炎的危险因素,术中预防性使用抗生素、晶状体后冲洗可降低感染性眼内炎发病风险。根据多因素Logistic回归分析构建的预测模型对感染性眼内炎的预测能效较好。     

超声乳化联合房角分离治疗急性闭角型青光眼的临床观察

目的:观察和比较白内障超声乳化吸除人工晶状体植入术联合前房角分离术或小梁切除术治疗原发性急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障的临床疗效。方法:选择哈尔滨医科大学附属第一医院眼科医院2017年1月～2017年11月收治的原发性急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者62例,根据手术方式不同将其随机分为A、B两组,A组(31例,行Phaco+IOL联合前房角分离术);B组(31例,行Phaco+IOL联合小梁切除术)。分别观察两组患者术前术后最佳矫正视力(BCVA)、眼压(IOP)、前房深度(ACD)、角膜内皮细胞密度(ECD)的变化。结果:两组患者术后3天、3个月BCVA及IOP和术前比较均明显提高(P0.05),IOP控制至正常范围。且术后1周,A组视力恢复及眼压控制均优于B组(P0.05)。两组患者术后3月,ACD及ECD均较术前明显变化,ACD加深,ECD减少(P0.05),且A组ACD明显高于B组(P0.05)。结论:Phaco+IOL联合前房角分离术治疗急性闭角型青光眼合并白内障患者能有效降低眼压,在早期即可获得较好的临床效果。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The mechanism of hatching of eggs of Haemonchus contortus

Fluid collected from hatching eggs of Haemonchus contortus contained a lipase which hydrolysed 2-naphthyl laurate (about 0·7 μmol naphthol freed /h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid also hydrolysed l-leucinamide (about 2·3 μmol leucine freed/h/10⁶ eggs). The fluid when added to normal or heated eggs caused ‘hatching’. ‘Hatching’ also occurred in exsheathing fluid from infective juveniles and in a preparation of pancreatic lipase containing leucine aminopeptidase. A purified mammalian leucine aminopeptidase in combination with several different lipases did not attack egg shells.The ‘spontaneous’ hatching of eggs of H. contortus was strongly inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, 10^?3M, and this inhibition was reversed by Zn²⁺. However, the inhibition of ‘hatching’ of eggs in externally applied hatching fluid, or the hydrolysis of leucinamide in hatching fluid was generally less marked.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.