miR-146a调控PI3K/Akt信号通路促进心力衰竭大鼠心肌细胞凋亡

目的:探讨miR-146a对心力衰竭大鼠的保护作用及对心肌细胞的影响,并探讨其可能机制。方法:随机选择6只SPF级不进行起搏处理的SD大鼠为假手术组(A组),剩余大鼠构建心力衰竭大鼠模型,随机分为模型组(B组)、转染miR-146a抑制剂腺病毒的心力衰竭大鼠(C组)、转染未携带miR-146a抑制剂腺病毒的心力衰竭大鼠(D组),每组6只,观察对心力衰竭大鼠的影响。qRT-PCR测定大鼠心肌组织miR-146a的表达,小动物超声成像系统检测大鼠的心脏超声心动图,HE染色及TUNEL法观察大鼠心肌的病变程度及心肌细胞的凋亡情况,Western印迹检测心肌细胞PI3K、p-PI3K、Akt、p-Akt、Cleaved caspase-3和Cleaved caspase-9的表达。结果:B组大鼠心肌组织中miR-146a的表达水平明显较A组上调(P0.05);C组大鼠心肌组织中miR-146a的表达水平明显较B组下调(P0.05);C组大鼠LVEF、LVFS明显较B组上升(P0.05);C组大鼠心肌病变程度明显较B组改善;C组大鼠心肌细胞凋亡率明显较B组下降(P0.05);C组大鼠心肌组织Cleaved caspase-3、Cleaved caspase-9蛋白的表达水平明显较B组下调(P0.05);C组大鼠PI3K、Akt蛋白的磷酸化水平明显较B组高(P0.05)。结论:miR-146a在心力衰竭大鼠心肌组织中呈高表达。miR-146a可能通过抑制PI3K/Akt信号通路发挥其促进心肌细胞凋亡的作用,进而促进疾病的发生与进展。     

苦参素对单侧输尿管梗阻大鼠肾间质纤维化的保护作用

目的探讨苦参素对单侧输尿管梗阻(UUO)大鼠肾间质纤维化的影响及可能机制。方法45只雄性SD大鼠随机分为3组:A假手术组,B单侧输尿管结扎(UUO)组,C治疗组。治疗组在UUO的基础上每天以苦参素100mg/Kg/d腹腔注射。B组和C组于术后第7,14,21,28分别处死5只大鼠,A组于第28天处死大鼠。用PAS及Masson染色法观察肾脏病理改变。用免疫组化法检测转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-beta1 TGF-β1),α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(alpha-smooth muscle actin-αSMA),Ⅰ型胶原(collagenⅠColⅠ)的表达。结果与UUO组相比,治疗组梗阻侧肾脏TGF-β1,-αSMA,ColⅠ的表达明显减少,肾小管损害和肾间质纤维化的程度也明显减轻。结论苦参素可通过下调TGF-β1,减少肾小管上皮细胞转分化而减轻肾间质纤维化。     

间歇有氧运动联合rhG-CSF可促进心肌组织Ang-1表达和血管再生

为了探讨间歇有氧运动联合粒细胞集落刺激因子(G-CSF)动员对心肌梗死大鼠心肌组织Ang-1表达及血管新生的影响。本研究以3月龄雄性SD大鼠为试验材料,通过结扎LAD建立MI模型。术后存活大鼠随机分为5组:假手术对照组(A组)、心肌梗死组(B组)、间歇有氧运动+心肌梗死组(C组)、rh G-CSF+心肌梗死组(D组)和间歇有氧运动+rh G-CSF+心肌梗死组(E组)。C组和E组8周后运用免疫组织化学方法检测心肌组织Ang-1、α-SMA、Ⅷ因子的表达(数)量。实验表明各干预手段均可促进MI大鼠心肌组织的Ang-1的表达量,且E组表达更显著;α-SMA染色结果显示:与A组比较,B组α-SMA表达数量无显著变化,与B组比较,C、D、E组血管新生数量分别提高了140.57%、271.73%和524.63%;Ⅷ因子染色结果显示:与A组比较,B组血管新生数量增多,与B组比较,C、D、E组血管新生数量分别提高了104.89%、232.66%和439.86%。研究表明间歇有氧运动和/或粒细胞集落刺激因子动员均可促进心梗大鼠心肌组织中Ang-1的表达,血管新生数量增多,且二者联合干预效果优于单一因素,为更有效治疗缺血性心脏病提供基础理论依据。     

雷公藤对哮喘大鼠气道重构及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶表达的影响

目的:探讨雷公藤内酯醇对哮喘气道重构及磷脂酰肌醇3激酶(PI3K)表达的影响。方法:将40只SD大鼠随机分为5组(n=8):A组(正常对照组);B组(哮喘4周组);C组(哮喘6周组);D组(给药4周组);E组(给药6周组)。测定气道反应性并观察气道壁嗜酸性粒细胞浸润;图像分析软件测定支气管壁厚度、支气管平滑肌厚度及支气管平滑肌细胞核数量;免疫组织化学染色、逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测PI3K蛋白及mRNA表达。结果:①B组、C组PI3Kp85α的蛋白及mRNA表达水平显著高于A组(P均<0.01),E组上述指标较B组、C组、D组均显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.05);②B组及C组支气管壁厚度、支气管壁平滑肌厚度、支气管壁平滑肌细胞核数量均较A组明显增加(P均<0.01),而E组上述指标较B组、C组、D组均显著降低(P均<0.01);③B组、C组的气道反应性均高于A组(P均<0.01),E组较B组、C组、D组均显著降低(P<0.01、P<0.01、P<0.05)。结论:气道平滑肌增生是气道重构的一个显著特征,PI3K可能在此起促进作用。雷公藤内酯醇可能通过下调PI3K的表达而减轻哮喘气道高反应性及抑制气道平滑肌增生,对哮喘气道重构有一定治疗作用。     

淫羊藿苷及宝藿苷Ⅰ对气管切开模型大鼠肺组织病理学及炎症因子的影响

目的探讨淫羊藿苷及其代谢产物宝藿苷I对气管切开模型大鼠肺组织病理及炎症的影响。方法将72只SPF级雄性SD大鼠随机分成四组,正常对照组(A)、模型非用药组(B)、模型+宝藿苷I组(C)、模型+淫羊藿苷组(D),每组18只。制备大鼠气管切开插管留置模型。模型成功6h后给予C组宝藿苷I,D组淫羊藿苷干预,A、B组给与等量0.9%生理盐水。分别在24、72、168h取肺组织及肺泡灌洗液。肺组织用苏木精-伊红染色(HE染色),光镜下观察分析肺组织的病理学改变;ELISA检测肺泡灌洗液白细胞介素6(IL-6),肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)表达。结果1)肺组织病理结果显示:气管切开后B组大鼠肺损伤程度随时间延长逐渐加重,明显高于A组(P<0.05)。C、D组肺损伤程度均明显轻于B组,且D组在24、168h均明显轻于C组(P<0.05)。D组在168h病理评分明显降低(与24h比较P<0.01)。(2)肺泡灌洗液IL-6、TNF-α含量:气管切开插管后大鼠肺泡灌洗液IL-6和TNF-α含量在三个时段均明显高于A组(P<0.05)。用宝藿苷I和淫羊藿苷干预后,C、D组IL-6、TNF-α含量在72、168h明显低于B组(P<0.05);且C、D组组内IL-6和TNF-α含量在72、168h明显低于24h(P<0.05);D组与C组相比,IL-6含量无明显统计学差异(P>0.05)。D组TNF-α在72h、168h均明显低于C(P<0.05)。结论宝藿苷I和淫羊藿苷对气管切开术后早期肺部炎症有一定疗效,其机制与抑制肺泡灌洗液炎症因子IL-6、TNF-α的表达,减轻肺组织损伤有关,且淫羊藿苷效果更佳。     

瑞舒伐他汀对压力超负荷型心肌肥厚大鼠TGF-β1表达的影响

目的:观察瑞舒伐他汀对大鼠压力超负荷型心肌肥厚的作用,并探讨其对TGF-β1表达的影响.方法:将SD大鼠随机分为5组.除假手术组外各组通过不完全结扎大鼠腹主动脉构建心肌肥厚模型,A为假手术组,B为单纯手术组,C为卡托普利组(50mg/kgod),D组为瑞舒伐他汀小剂量组(2 mg/kgod),E为瑞舒伐他汀大剂量组(4 mg/kgod),各组动物术前一周始灌胃给予相应药物直至术后4周,A、B纽给予等量生理盐水.给药第5周末,测定各组大鼠血压和心脏质量指教;采用RT-PCR法和免疫组化法检测左室心肌组织中TGF-β1mRNA和TGF-β1蛋白表达.结果:术后4周各组动物血压和HMI较A组明显增加(P<0.01或P<0.05),而C、D、E组较B组有显著下降(P<0.01或P<0.05);同时各治疗组左室心肌组织中TGF-β1 mRNA和TGF-β1蛋白表达较B组有显著下降(P<0.01),且C组抑制表达较D、E组更为显著(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:瑞舒伐他汀可有效的缓解压力超负荷诱导的大鼠心肌肥厚,且作用类似卡托普利,其可能通过降低左室心肌TGF-β1表达,影响TGF-β信号转导产生作用.     

丹参酚酸B通过抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路促进自噬减轻大鼠心肌纤维化的研究

目的:研究丹参酚酸B(SA-B)能否通过抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR通路促进自噬,从而减轻大鼠心肌纤维化。方法:选用SD大鼠40只,完全随机化分为对照组、模型组、低剂量SA-B治疗组和高剂量SA-B治疗组,采用皮下注射异丙肾上腺素(ISO)构建大鼠心肌纤维化模型。低、高剂量SA-B治疗组在造模同时灌喂丹参酚酸B水溶液,对照组和模型组分别灌胃等体积0.9%生理盐水。测定心重指数(HW/BW)和左心室重指数(LVW/BW);ELISA法测定心肌中Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原水平;Western blot检测自噬相关蛋白PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、mTOR、Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ水平;大鼠心肌HE染色评估心肌纤维化程度。结果:与对照组比较,模型组中大鼠的心重指数、左心室重指数和心肌中Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原的水平升高(P0.05),HE染色结果提示心肌组织发生明显的纤维化。模型组大鼠心肌细胞中的自噬相关蛋白PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、mTOR表达升高,Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ表达较对照组明显降低(P0.05)。SA-B组中心重指数、左心室重指数和心肌中Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型胶原的水平明显降低,HE染色未见明显纤维化病灶,其自噬相关蛋白PI3K、AKT、p-AKT、mTOR表达降低,Beclin1、LC3-Ⅱ表达较模型组明显升高(P0.05)。结论:丹参酚酸B能够抑制ISO所致的大鼠心肌纤维化,且具有剂量依耐性,其机制与抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR传导通路促进细胞自噬密切相关。     

益生菌对急性溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠黏膜Toll样受体表达的影响

目的探讨益生菌对溃疡性结肠炎(UC)大鼠模型肠黏膜Toll样受体(TLRs)表达的调控及其在UC发生发展中可能的作用机制。方法 40只SD大鼠随机分为正常对照组(A组)、模型组(B组)、金双歧治疗组(C组)、Toll样受体4单克隆抗体(TLR4m Ab)干预组(D组)。采用三硝基苯磺酸(TNBs)法造模,C组给予金双歧灌服,D组给予TLR4m Ab腹腔注射,第8天处死全部大鼠。对每组大鼠进行疾病活动指数(DAI)评分及组织病理学(HPS)评分,应用实时荧光定量(RT-PCR)法测定TLR4、TLR2 m RNA的表达。结果 B组DAI及HPS评分均明显高于A组(P0.05),C组和D组较模型组均有所缓解(P0.05)。TLR4、TLR2 m RNA在B组的表达明显高于A组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),而在C组和D组的表达差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 UC大鼠结肠组织中TLR4、TLR2表达异常,益生菌能抑制TLR4、TLR2的表达,可能是一种有效治疗UC的方法。     

硫酸镁对脑源性肺损伤综合征的影响

目的探讨不同剂量的硫酸镁(MgSO4)对大鼠脑源性肺损伤后神经源性肺水肿、血浆炎性因子TNF-α及肺组织病理形态学变化的影响。方法将30只SD雄性大鼠按随机数字法分为假手术组(A组)、模型组(B组)及硫酸镁50mg/kg干预组(C组)、硫酸镁100mg/kg干预组(D组)、硫酸镁200mg/kg干预组(E组),每组6只。建立大鼠颅脑损伤模型后,硫酸镁干预组即刻按50mg/kg 25%MgSO4腹腔注射,C组注射1次、D组注射2次、E组注射4次,每8h注射1次。A组及B组的大鼠注射相同剂量生理盐水作对照,C组大鼠注射1次及D组大鼠注射2次MgSO4后给予注射相同剂量的生理盐水作对照,注射方法及间隔时间同E组。伤后48h测定大鼠肺组织含水量、血浆TNF-α浓度,肺组织常规HE染色,光镜观察肺组织病理形态学变化。结果大鼠颅脑创伤后肺组织含水量均高于假手术组,以C组最明显(P0.05),差异有统计学意义。B、C、D、E组大鼠之间肺组织含水量比较差异无统计学意义。B、C、D、E组大鼠TNF-α浓度均明显高于假手术组(P0.05),D组血浆TNF-α浓度明显低于B组(P0.05),E组血浆TNF-α浓度明显低于B组(P0.01),其他各组间差异无统计学意义。假手术组肺组织形态正常,肺血管无扩张,无炎症细胞浸润;B、C、D、E组与假手术组比较均可见终末支气管腔内充满炎症细胞,周围肺组织的肺泡腔内可见炎细胞浸润,肺血管扩张、充血。B、C、D、E组在炎症细胞浸润及肺毛细血管扩张方面无明显差异。结论脑外伤可导致脑源性肺损伤综合征,可导致神经源性肺水肿;硫酸镁可降低大鼠脑损伤后血浆TNF-α浓度,对肺水肿无明显影响。     

回转模拟失重对心肌成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原代谢的影响

为探讨模拟失重对心肌成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原代谢的影响 ,本研究采用回转器模拟失重效应 ,通过免疫细胞化学和反转录聚合酶链式反应 (RT PCR)研究了回转模拟失重对原代培养的新生大鼠心肌成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原蛋白及mRNA表达 ,以及胶原降解抑制物———金属蛋白酶组织抑制因子 (Tissueinhibitorofmetallopro teinase ,TIMP)mRNA表达的影响。免疫细胞化学染色显示回转组Ⅰ型胶原蛋白沉积增加 ;RT PCR分析显示Ⅰ型胶原α1链 (TypeⅠcollagenα1chain ,ColⅠA1)mRNA表达没有明显变化 ,TIMP 1、TIMP 2及TIMP 3的mRNA表达均增强。提示在回转模拟失重条件下 ,心肌成纤维细胞Ⅰ型胶原蛋白沉积增加 ,作为胶原降解抑制物的TIMP可能是造成胶原沉积的原因     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

Comparative morphology of the carpel in the Liliaceae: Hewardieae, Petrosavieae, and Tricyrteae

The young pistils in the melanthioid tribes, Hewardieae, Petrosavieae and Tricyrteae, are uniformly tricarpellate and syncarpous. They lack raphide idioblasts. All are multiovulate, with bitegmic ovules. The Petrosavieae are marked by the presence of septal glands and incomplete syncarpy. Tepals and stamens adhere to the ovary in the Hewardieae and the Petrosavieae but not in the Tricyrteae. Two vascular bundles occur in the stamens of the Hewartlieae and Tricyrtis latifolia. Ventral bundles in the upper part of the ovary of the Hewardieae are continuous with compound septal bundles and placental bundles in the lower part. Putative ventral bundles occur in the alternate position in the Tricyrteae and putative placental bundles in the opposite. position in the Petrosavieae. The dichtomously branched stigma in each carpel of the Tricyrteae is supplied by a bifurcated dorsal bundle.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细