lncRNA SGO1-AS1通过调节SIRT1去乙酰化酶活性抑制细胞凋亡

沉默信息调节因子1(silent information regulator 1, SIRT1)是NAD~+依赖的组蛋白去乙酰化酶,可以通过去乙酰化底物调节多种生物学功能。长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA, lncRNA)是一类新兴的基因表达调控子,可以影响多种生命进程。尽管如此,SIRT1与lncRNA之间的调控关系以及lncRNA在SIRT1介导的生物学功能中的作用还有待进一步阐明。因此,本研究旨在探讨SIRT1相关lncRNA SGO1-AS1在SIRT1介导的细胞凋亡中的作用及其分子机制。荧光定量PCR检测发现,过表达SIRT1可显著促进lncRNA SGO1-AS1的表达(P0.05),反之沉默SIRT1则抑制SGO1-AS1的表达(P0.001)。进一步利用Western印迹、胱天蛋白酶3/7活性检测和TUNEL实验发现,沉默SGO1-AS1可显著促进细胞凋亡(P0.05),但并不明显影响DNA损伤修复。此外,Western印迹结果显示,SGO1-AS1还可显著促进SIRT1蛋白的去乙酰化酶活性。综上所述,lncRNA SGO1-AS1可以抑制细胞凋亡,且长链非编码RNA SGO1-AS1有可能与SIRT1形成正反馈调节环路,从而调控细胞凋亡。尽管如此,SGO1-AS1调节细胞凋亡分子机制依然有待深入研究。     

SIRT3在心血管疾病中的作用

沉默信息调节因子2相关酶类3(silent mating type information regulation2 homolog-3,SIRT3)是一种依赖于烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide,NAD)的III类去乙酰化酶。SIRT3主要定位于线粒体,广泛分布于肾脏、脑、心脏及肝脏等富含线粒体的组织器官中,其可对组蛋白和非组蛋白去乙酰化在调控细胞代谢、细胞周期、细胞凋亡及细胞寿命方面起着重要的作用。SIRT3通过去乙酰化相关靶蛋白调节其生物活性,在抵抗氧化应激反应,改善血管内皮细胞功能等多种心血管疾病中,都起到了保护性作用。该文旨在对SIRT3在常见的心血管疾病中的作用的研究进展进行综述。     

沉默信息调节因子3促进肝癌细胞凋亡及其机制研究

该文旨在探讨沉默信息调节因子3(sirtuin 3,SIRT3)对肝癌细胞凋亡的影响,并研究SIRT3调节肝癌细胞凋亡的分子机制。运用流式细胞术检测SIRT3过表达对肝癌细胞系(SMMC-7721和SK-Hep-1)凋亡的影响;通过si RNA靶向沉默SIRT3并检测SIRT3沉默对肝癌细胞凋亡的影响;实时荧光定量PCR(Real-time PCR)分析SIRT3对Bcl-2家族成员m RNA水平的影响,筛选受SIRT3调节的Bcl-2家族成员;Western blot进一步检测SIRT3对目标Bcl-2家族成员蛋白水平的影响;流式细胞术分析目标Bcl-2家族成员在SIRT3诱导肝癌细胞凋亡中的作用。结果显示,SIRT3过表达促进肝癌细胞凋亡并引起Bax mRNA和蛋白水平升高;SIRT3沉默抑制肝癌细胞凋亡,同时也抑制Bax蛋白水平表达,Bax沉默显著减少了SIRT3过表达细胞中的凋亡数目。该研究结果提示,SIRT3通过凋亡调节基因Bax诱导肝癌细胞凋亡。     

去乙酰化转移酶SIRT7的作用及机制研究进展

SIRT7是哺乳动物Sirtuins家族中的一员,定位于核仁,是一种高度特异性的H3K18Ac(组蛋白H3的乙酰化18位赖氨酸残基)去乙酰化酶。近年来的研究发现SIRT7可通过多种途径参与调控核糖体RNA转录、细胞代谢、细胞应激以及DNA损伤修复等生理过程。此外,SIRT7还与衰老、心脏疾病及脂肪肝等密切相关。特别是SIRT7在多种肿瘤如肝癌、胃癌、乳腺癌、膀胱癌、结直肠癌、胰腺癌和头颈鳞状细胞癌等发生发展中起着重要的调节作用。文中综述了SIRT7的细胞及分子生物学作用,并系统总结了其在人类疾病中的研究现状。     

SIRT1介导的K-Ras、FoxOs和DLC1的表达及翻译后修饰调控癌细胞的增殖和凋亡

SIRT1是一种NAD+依赖的组蛋白去乙酰化酶,可通过其去乙酰化酶活性介导下游蛋白,如K-Ras、FoxOs和DLC1的翻译后修饰来调节细胞增殖和细胞凋亡。在体外培养的癌细胞、异种移植癌细胞的裸鼠或是转基因小鼠中,K-Ras的乙酰化、FoxOs的乙酰化和磷酸化及DLC1的磷酸化对癌细胞的增殖或凋亡均发挥双重作用,研究SIRT1介导的翻译后修饰对于癌症的治疗具有重要的意义。     

SIRT3与细胞代谢及心血管疾病的相关性

蛋白去乙酰化酶在细胞生理过程中发挥着极为重要的作用。人蛋白去乙酰化酶包括HDACⅠ、HDACⅡ、HDACⅢ和HDACⅣ4个家族。其中第Ⅲ类即Sir2(Silent information regulator 2)家族包括7个成员——SIRT1~ SIRT7,每个成员都具有不同的细胞定位,并且发挥不同的生物学功能。作为主要定位于线粒体的组蛋白去乙酰化酶,SIRT3不仅调节细胞的能量代谢,并在细胞凋亡、肿瘤生长和一些疾病中发挥作用。文章综述了SIRT3在细胞代谢中的生物学功能以及其在心血管疾病中的研究进展。     

SIRT1的生物学功能及其在胰岛素抵抗中的作用

SIRT1是NAD+依赖的组蛋白去乙酰化酶,通过使底物发生去乙酰化作用参与了DNA修复、细胞凋亡/细胞生存、细胞分化、内分泌信号通路和衰老等生命过程的调节.SIRT1在胰岛素敏感的组织器官中,通过调节胰岛素相关蛋白之间的相互作用与胰岛素信号转导途径,改善胰岛素敏感性和胰岛素抵抗,并且SIRT1在线粒体损伤中的作用与胰岛素抵抗发生有着密切的联系.     

Sir2基因家族的功能和作用机制

Sir2(silenceinformationregulator)基因家族是一种保守的从古细菌到哺乳动物都存在的NAD 依赖的组蛋白/非组蛋白去乙酰化酶。在酵母中,Sir2连同与它相互作用的几个蛋白质在基因沉默、基因组稳定性、细胞寿命以及代谢调节上起着不可缺少的作用。其主要的作用机制是:热量限制降低了抑制物烟酰胺的浓度,从而激活了Sir2的组蛋白去乙酰化功能。在哺乳动物中,有7个Sir2同源基因,分别命名为SIRT1到SIRT7。其中SIRT1研究的最多,它在DNA损伤修复、细胞周期控制、抑制细胞凋亡、抵抗氧化逆境和延长细胞寿命方面起着重要作用。它的这些功能是通过和p53、FOXO3、Ku70和PGC-1α等蛋白质之间的相互作用而实现的。     

去乙酰化酶Sirtuin研究进展

依赖于NAD 的去乙酰化酶Sirtuin对细胞的存活、衰老、凋亡等生理活动的调节起到十分重要的作用。Sirtuin系统中的ySir2和SIRT1就目前来说是研究得较为透彻的两个成员。ySir2参与了酵母的交配型基因沉默、端粒的沉默、rDNA重复序列的沉默以及细胞寿命等生理功能。人类SIRT1在细胞存活与代谢等过程中也起到调节作用。本文对Sirtuin的结构、作用机制、底物特异性、影响因子及其功能作了综述。     

SIRT1的研究进展

哺乳动物细胞SIRT1(Sirtuin1)是一种依赖于烟酰胺腺苷二核苷酸(NAD+)的去乙酰化酶,与酵母细胞中与物质代谢和长寿有关的沉默信息调节因子SIR2同源,具有对底物去乙酰化功能的基因。SIRT1通过使底物蛋白的去乙酰化而调控DNA的表达、细胞凋亡、衰老,参与生物体生理或病理过程。本文对SIRT1与寿命、癌症、新陈代谢紊乱等疾病的生物学机理和治疗方法的相关性进行综述。     

miRNAs在脊髓损伤中作用的研究进展

脊髓损伤是一个重要的公共卫生难题,脊髓损伤可划分为三个病理生理阶段:原发性损伤期、继发性损伤期和慢性损伤期。基因表达的改变在脊髓损伤中起到了重要作用,miRNAs可以调控转录后所有基因的表达,所以miRNAs是脊髓损伤中一个很具有研究价值的研究对象。miRNAs是20-25碱基组成的非编码RNA,通过与靶mRNAs 3‘UTR结合下调其表达实现的对mRNA翻译进程的调控。miRNAs与中枢神经系统的发育、功能和疾病有密切关系。脊髓损伤后miRNAs通过调节中性粒细胞和炎性反应通路在炎性应答中起到了重要作用;miRNAs在细胞凋亡中表现出了复杂的功能,其表达的改变可能同时刺激和抑制凋亡;miRNAs可通过增强星形胶质细胞肥大和调节胶质瘢痕的进程;miRNAs的下调可能通过促进轴突靶向作用、神经元存活和轴突生长来促进损伤脊髓部位再生进程。目前脊髓损伤仍是现代医学的难题,对神经系统疾病中miRNAs作用的研究,为脊髓损伤治疗提供了一种新的治疗方案,也是将来研究中的热点。     

Theacrine,a purine alkaloid from kucha,protects against Parkinson's disease through SIRT3 activation

BackgroundOxidative damage of dopaminergic neurons is the fundamental causes of Parkinson's disease (PD) that has no standard cure at present. Theacrine, a purine alkaloid from Chinese tea Kucha, has been speculated to benefit the neurodegeneration in PD, through similar actions to its chemical analogue caffeine, albeit excluding side effects. Theacrine has nowadays gained a lot of interest for its multiple benefits, while the investigations are weak and insufficient.Hypothesis/PurposeIt is well-known that tea has a wide range of functions, especially in the prevention and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Theacrine is an active monomer compound in Camellia assamica var. kucha Hung T. Chang & H.S.Wang (Kucha), which appears to be effective and safe in PD therapy. The aim of this study is to examine its actions in diverse PD models and explore the mechanisms.Study DesignFor determination of theacrine's effects, we employed diverse oxidative damage-associated PD models, including 6-OHDA-treated rats, MPTP-treated mice/zebrafish and MPP⁺-treated SH-SY5Y cells, and using caffeine, selegiline and depranyl as positve control. For investigation and verification of the mechanisms, we utilized approaches testing mitochondrial function-related parameters and enzyme activity as well as applied gene knockdown and overexpression.MethodsWe employed behavioral tests including spontaneous activity, pole, swimming, rotarod and gait, immunohistochemistry, HPLC, flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, Western blot, gene knockdown by siRNA and overexpression by plasmid in this study.ResultsTheacrine is demonstrated to retrieve the loss of dopaminergic neurons and the damages of behavioral performance in multiple animal models of PD (6-OHDA-treated rats and in MPTP-treated mice and zebrafish). The followed data of MPP⁺-treated SH-SY5Y cells indicate that theacrine relieves apoptosis resulted from oxidative damage and mitochondrial dysfunction. Further investigations illustrate that theacrine activates SIRT3 directly. It is of advantage to prevent apoptosis through SIRT3-mediated SOD2 deacetylation that reduces ROS accumulation and restores mitochondrial function. This concept is elaborated by 3TYP that inhibits SIRT3 enzyme activity and knockdown/overexpression of SIRT3 gene, demonstrating a crucial role of SIRT3 in theacrine-benefited dopaminergic neurons.ConclusionTheacrine prevents apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons through directly activating SIRT3 which deacetylating SOD2 and restoring mitochondrial functions.     

SIRT1 inhibits the mouse intestinal motility and epithelial proliferation

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), a NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase, is involved in a wide array of cellular processes including glucose homeostasis, energy metabolism, proliferation and apoptosis, and immune response. However, it is unknown whether SIRT1 plays any physiological role in the regulation of intestinal homeostasis and motility. Thus the aim was to define SIRT1 expression and function in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract under physiological conditions. Forty 12-14-wk-old SIRT1 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice were fasted 21 h and/or refed 3 h. Fasted mice were injected intraperitoneally with bromodeoxyuridine (120 mg/kg body wt) 2 h before euthanasia. SIRT1 protein was localized to gastric and intestinal epithelial nuclei and was responsive to the nutritional status. SIRT1 was required for intestinal epithelial homeostasis. The SIRT1 KO mice showed enhanced crypt proliferation and suppressed villous apoptosis, resulting in increased intestinal villous height. In the SIRT1 KO intestine, the abundance of Forkhead box protein O1 and p53 protein decreased, whereas the subcellular localization of β-catenin protein accumulated mainly in the crypts. The SIRT1 KO mice showed accelerated gastric emptying rate with increased abundance of ghrelin mRNA and protein in the stomach. Moreover, the SIRT1 KO mouse intestine showed enhanced ex vivo spontaneous contraction. We concluded that, SIRT1 plays a critical role in the control of intestinal homeostasis (by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting proliferation) and gastrointestinal motility (by reducing gastric emptying and intestinal contractile activity), implicating a novel role for SIRT1.     

SIRT1 and AROS suppress doxorubicin-induced apoptosis via inhibition of GSK3β activity in neuroblastoma cells

ABSTRACT

SIRT1, the best-characterized member of the sirtuin family of deacetylases, is involved in cancer, apoptosis, inflammation, and metabolism. Active regulator of SIRT1 (AROS) was the first identified direct regulator of SIRT1. An increasing number of reports have indicated that SIRT1 plays an important role in controlling brain tumors. Here, we demonstrated that depletion of SIRT1 and AROS increases doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. Glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) promoted doxorubicin-mediated apoptosis, but this effect was abolished by overexpression of SIRT1 and AROS. Interestingly, SIRT1 and AROS interacted with GSK3β and increased inhibitory phosphorylation of GSK3β on Ser9. Finally, we determined that AROS cooperates with SIRT1 to suppress GSK3β acetylation. Taken together, our results suggest that SIRT1 and AROS inhibit GSK3β activity and provide additional insight into drug resistance in the treatment of neuroblastoma.     

microRNA-378 与肿瘤血管生成的研究进展

微小RNA(MicroRNAs,mi RNAs)是真核生物中一类长度约为21到23个核苷酸的非编码小分子单链RNA。mi RNA通过与靶m RNA 3′UTR(3′-untranslated region,3′非编码区)完全或不完全结合,抑制翻译或直接诱导其降解,发挥转录后负调控作用。mi RNA参与机体多种生理和病理过程,且可通过调控其靶标基因参与各种信号通路,影响血管生成。mi R-378属于诸多mi RNAs中的一种。目前已知mi R-378的研究主要集中在肿瘤发生及血管生成、心血管疾病和脑缺血等病理过程,其中与肿瘤发生及血管生成相关研究居多。mi R-378在不同肿瘤中的发挥的作用也不一样,在脑胶质瘤,肺癌,横纹肌肉瘤等肿瘤中发挥促癌基因的作用,在卵巢癌,胃癌,大肠癌等肿瘤中发挥抑癌基因的作用。但是,mi R-378调节肿瘤血管生成的作用机制还有待于深入研究。本文主要对mi R-378在四种肿瘤(脑胶质瘤、肺腺癌、卵巢癌和横纹肌肉瘤)中调控血管生成的相关性研究进展进行综述,以期为这些疾病的治疗和预防提供一种新的思路。     

Calorie Restriction and SIRT3 Trigger Global Reprogramming of the Mitochondrial Protein Acetylome

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Highlights? MS quantifies 1,578 mitochondrial acetyl sites altered during CR and loss of SIRT3 ? SIRT3 functions as a prominent regulator in CR adaptation ? CR and SIRT3 regulate previously unrecognized processes in mitochondria ? We provide an acetylation atlas for understanding mitochondrial regulation in CR     

Natural SIRT1 modifiers as promising therapeutic agents for improving diabetic wound healing

BackgroundThe occurrence of chronic wounds, account for significant suffering of diabetic people, together with increasing healthcare burden. The chronic wounds associated with diabetes do not undergo the normal healing process rather stagnate into chronic proinflammatory phase as well as declined fibroblast function and impaired cell migration.HypothesisSIRT1, which is the most studied isoform of the sirtuin family in mammals, has now emerged as a crucial target for improving diabetic wound healing. It is an NAD⁺ dependent deacetylase, originally characterized to deacetylate histone proteins leading to heterochromatin formation and gene silencing. It is now known to regulate a number of cellular processes like cell proliferation, division, senescence, apoptosis, DNA repair, and metabolism.MethodologyThe retrieval of potentially relevant studies was done by systematically searching of three databases (Google Scholar, Web of science and PubMed) in December 2019. The keywords used as search terms were related to SIRT1 and wound healing. The systematic search retrieved 649 papers that were potentially relevant and after selection procedure, 73 studies were included this review and discussed below.ResultsMany SIRT1 activating compounds (SACs) were found protective and improve diabetic wound healing through regulation of inflammation, cell migration, oxidative stress response and formation of granulation tissue at the wound site.ConclusionsHowever, contradictory reports describe the opposing role of SACs on the regulation of cell migration and cancer incidence. SACs are therefore subjected to intense research for understanding the mechanisms responsible for controlling cell migration and therefore possess prospective to enter the clinical arena in the foreseeable future.     

SIRT3, a Mitochondrial NAD+-Dependent Deacetylase,Is Involved in the Regulation of Myoblast Differentiation

Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3), one of the seven mammalian sirtuins, is a mitochondrial NAD⁺-dependent deacetylase known to control key metabolic pathways. SIRT3 deacetylases and activates a large number of mitochondrial enzymes involved in the respiratory chain, in ATP production, and in both the citric acid and urea cycles. We have previously shown that the regulation of myoblast differentiation is tightly linked to mitochondrial activity. Since SIRT3 modulates mitochondrial activity, we decide to address its role during myoblast differentiation. For this purpose, we first investigated the expression of endogenous SIRT3 during C2C12 myoblast differentiation. We further studied the impact of SIRT3 silencing on both the myogenic potential and the mitochondrial activity of C2C12 cells. We showed that SIRT3 protein expression peaked at the onset of myoblast differentiation. The inhibition of SIRT3 expression mediated by the stable integration of SIRT3 short inhibitory RNA (SIRT3shRNA) in C2C12 myoblasts, resulted in: 1) abrogation of terminal differentiation - as evidenced by a marked decrease in the myoblast fusion index and a significant reduction of Myogenin, MyoD, Sirtuin 1 and Troponin T protein expression - restored upon MyoD overexpression; 2) a decrease in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and citrate synthase protein expression reflecting an alteration of mitochondrial density; and 3) an increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) mirrored by the decreased activity of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD). Altogether our data demonstrate that SIRT3 mainly regulates myoblast differentiation via its influence on mitochondrial activity.