HM0332和HM48—3菌株纯培养条件下解磷强度研究

室内研究结果说明,解磷细菌ＨＭ０３３２和ＨＭ４８－３菌株以磷矿粉为磷源,在纯培养条件下产生有机酸,分解转化磷矿粉,有效磷转化率即解磷强度分别为８．２８％和７．２６％。     

解磷微生物的分离测定与盆栽试验

从土壤中分离筛选了具有解磷工的真菌２株,细菌３株,分别测定了它们在实验室条件下对磷矿粉中不容性磷的溶解转化强度,其中解磷红曲霉菌（Ｍｏｎａｓｃｕｓｓｐ）ＰＢ１,曲霉菌（Ａｓｐｅｒｇｉｌｌｕｓｓｐ）ＰＢ２的解磷强度分别为８６．５％和５９．４％显著高于解磷细菌,其解磷过程与培养液ｐＨ值下降密切相关,用红曲霉菌ＰＢ１进行的油盆栽肥效试验结果表明,ＰＢ１＋磷矿粉＋猪粪盆栽处理与对照（磷矿粉＋猪粪）相比,油     

香蕉根际土壤解磷细菌的筛选、鉴定及解磷能力

【目的】以磷矿粉为难溶态磷,以期从香蕉根际土壤筛选出高效的解磷细菌。【方法】采用透明圈法和钼锑抗比色法分离筛选解磷细菌,通过形态学特征、生理生化试验结合16S rRNA基因序列分析及系统发育树比对鉴定其种属,并利用单因素试验方法研究不同碳源、氮源及C/N比值(40:1、20:1和8:1)对菌株溶解磷矿粉能力的影响。研究不同菌株解磷能力和培养介质pH值的变化关系。【结果】分离具有解磷能力的细菌8株,筛选出具有代表性的3个菌株B3-5-6、M-3-01和T1-4-01,初步鉴定菌株B3-5-6为嗜气芽孢杆菌(Bacillus aerophilus),M-3-01为虫内生沙雷氏菌(Serratia nematodiphila),T1-4-01为艾博丽肠杆菌(Enterobacter asburiae)。B3-5-6解磷能力与介质pH值之间存在线性负相关性(|r|=0.949 66>0.735),其相关性达到极显著水平;B3-5-6在碳源为蔗糖、氮源为(NH4)2SO4、C/N为40:1,M-3-01在碳源为葡萄糖、氮源为(NH4)2SO4、C/N为20:1,T1-4-01在碳源为乳糖、氮源为蛋白胨、C/N为20:1条件下解磷效果较好。解磷效果与初筛相比分别提高了1.12、1.17、2.55倍。【结论】不同的碳氮源、C/N值会直接影响磷细菌的解磷能力;筛选出一株解磷能力与培养介质pH之间存在着极显著相关性的细菌,其解磷机理有待进一步研究。     

丢糟和磷矿粉高温堆肥中耐高温解磷菌的筛选及性能分析

为了解决高温极端环境下的磷素溶出问题,从高温堆肥中分离出具有耐高温能力的解磷微生物。该研究利用无机磷选择培养基,从添加磷矿粉和丢糟的高温堆肥样品中,分离筛选出5株耐高温解磷菌(细菌为GDB1-2;真菌为GDF1-3),并对这5株菌株进行形态学和分子生物学鉴定及解磷能力分析。研究结果表明,筛选获得的解磷菌株分别为枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)、多枝横梗霉(Lichtheimia ramosa)、烟曲霉(Aspergillus fumigatus)及构巢曲霉(Aspergillus nidulans)。该5株菌具有较好的耐高温和耐pH性能,各菌株耐高温范围为40-60℃,在50℃条件下其解磷能力均达到最大值,当初始pH 在5-9范围时各菌株均能保持一定的解磷能力。此外,通过解磷曲线发现各菌株的最高解磷量范围在136.85-174.33 μg/mL。该研究结果为后续开发高温环境微生物资源提供了素材,具有良好的应用推广前景。     

几株侧孢芽孢杆菌解磷能力的研究

菌株BL-11、BL-12、BL-2l、BL-22是自行分离得到的4株具有解磷能力的细菌,经鉴定为侧孢芽孢杆菌(Bacillus laterosporus)。实验分别以Ca3(PO4)2、氧化乐果和水胺硫磷为唯一磷源,接种4株菌,在30℃、180r／min条件培养4d后,以钼蓝比色法测上清液中的水溶性磷含量。在以Ca3(PO4)2为唯一磷源的培养液体中菌株BL-11、BL-12的解磷能力分别为10．9l％和7．34％,均高于菌株BL-21、BL-22;而在以水胺硫磷为唯一磷源的培养液中,菌株BL-21、BL-22的解磷能力显著好于菌株BL-11、BL-12,解磷效率分别为58．98％和75．50％;而在以氧化乐果为唯一磷源的培养液中,菌株BL-21、BL-22的解磷效率分别为32．66％和29．10％,均高于菌株BL-11、BL-12。     

细菌解磷能力测定方法的研究*

选择分解有机磷能力较强的 3株细菌和溶解磷矿粉较强的 4株细菌 ,砂培 4周后 ,用不同的方法测定水浸提液中磷的含量。发现不同的细菌解磷能力差异很大 ,细菌在分解磷化合物的同时 ,一部分磷被细菌同化 ,一部分以无机磷酸盐状态贮藏在细菌细胞内。直接测定浸提液中无机磷酸盐的含量 ,将大大低估细菌的解磷能力 ,必须将浸提液消煮 ,才能比较正确地反映细菌分解磷的能力。     

一株高效解磷真菌新菌株的筛选鉴定及解磷特性

从辽宁省辽中县多年耕种的日光温室番茄根际土壤中筛选出一株解磷真菌,通过菌落形态特征和ITS rDNA序列对比,鉴定该菌株为草酸青霉菌的一株新菌株,将其命名为PSF1.该菌株能利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、乳糖、半乳糖、可溶性淀粉等多种碳源和硫酸铵、氯化铵、硝酸铵、硝酸钾、尿素等多种氮源进行生长代谢并表现出较强的解磷能力,在C/N 10∶1~60∶1、初始pH 7~8的条件下生长情况较好且解磷能力较高.该菌株有很强的产酸能力,在培养过程中培养液pH由7.00~7.50下降至2.06~4.87;在4种磷源培养液中的最高解磷量分别为磷酸三钙(869.62 mg·L^-1)>磷矿粉(233.56 mg·L^-1)>磷酸铝(44.77 mg·L^-1)>磷酸铁(28.42 mg·L^-1).Pearson相关分析表明,菌株在磷酸三钙、磷矿粉和磷酸铁培养液中的解磷量与pH的变化之间呈极显著负相关关系,在磷酸铝培养液中无显著相关关系.菌株PSF1解磷能力强,生长条件广,推测其在土壤中有较强的解磷能力.     

细菌解磷能力测定方法的研究

选择分解有机磷能力较强的3株细菌和溶解磷矿粉较强的4株细菌,砂培4周后,用不同的方法测定水浸提液中磷的含量。发现不同的细菌解磷能力差异很大,细菌在分解磷化合物的同时,一部分磷被细菌同化,一部分以无机磷酸盐状态贮藏在细菌细胞内。直接测定浸提液中无机磷酸盐的含量,将大大低估细菌的解磷能力,必须将浸提液消煮,才能比较正确地反映细菌分解磷的能力。     

磷细菌剂在小麦上应用研究

磷细菌剂（土壤磷活化剂,生物磷肥）系用自行分离筛选的ＨＭ０３３２和ＨＭ４８３解磷细研制的微生物肥料,多年盆栽,小区试验和田间简单对比试验,增产效果显著,亩增小麦１６．７－４２．７ｋｇ,增产率６．２－１９．８％并有改善小麦品质,提高土壤速效磷含量,培肥土壤的作用。     

一些细菌和真菌的解磷能力及其机理初探

4株细菌和8株真菌培养6天后,发现培养液中有机酸含量大幅度增加,PH大幅度地下降,磷的含量大幅度增加,真菌比细菌表现出更强的溶解磷矿粉的能力,不同的微生物分泌有机酸的数量和种类差别很大,菌分泌的有机酸种类比细菌要多。但是,培养液中有机酸总量与解磷量之间并不存在显的相关性。     

胶质芽孢杆菌HM8841紫外线诱变育种研究

以胶质芽孢杆菌HM8841作为出发菌株,通过紫外线诱变和突变菌株性能测定,选育出3株适合生产发酵的优良菌种。与出发菌株相比,突变株具有缩短发酵周期,提高发酵水平,增强芽孢抗逆性能等特点。     

Triglyceride modulation by acifran analogs: activity towards the niacin high and low affinity G protein-coupled receptors HM74A and HM74

Niacin is known to exert profound beneficial effects on cholesterol levels in humans, although its use is somewhat hampered by the gram quantities necessary to exert effects and the prevalence of compliance-limiting skin flushing side effects that occur. Recently, two G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for niacin were identified and characterized as high (HM74A; GPR109A) and low (HM74; GPR109B) affinity receptors based on the binding affinities of niacin. These receptors also bind acifran (AY-25,712), which is known to modulate lipid levels like niacin, with similar affinities. Twelve analogs of acifran were chemically synthesized. One analogue demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in serum triglycerides in rats within 3h of oral administration. Next, the acifran analogs were assessed for their activity towards the high and low affinity niacin receptors expressed in CHO-K1 cells. Constructs expressing HM74A or HM74 were stably transfected into CHO-K1 cells and shown to elicit phosphorylation of p42 and p44 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK1/ERK2) phosphorylation upon addition of niacin or acifran. The presence of functionally coupled GPCRs was further confirmed using Pertussis toxin, which completely inhibited the ability of either niacin or acifran to elicit phospho-ERK1/ERK2. The EC(50) of p-ERK1/ERK2 for niacin for the high and low affinity receptors was 47nM and indeterminate (i.e., >100microM), respectively, while the EC(50) for acifran was 160 and 316nM, respectively. Two chemical analogs of acifran demonstrated robust phosphorylation of ERK1/ERK2. Collectively, these data suggest that the synthesis of acifran analogs may be a suitable path for developing improved HM74A agonists.     

Acinetobacter sp. HM746599 isolated from leatherback turtle blood

A newly described bacterial isolate, Acinetobacter sp. HM746599, has been obtained from leatherback sea turtle hatchling blood. The implication is that the hatchling was infected during development in the egg, which is substantiated by other studies to be reported by us in the future. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the bacterium (GenBank accession number: HM746599) showed the greatest similarity to the identified species, Acinetobacter beijerinckii (97.6-99.78%) and Acinetobacter venetianus (99.78%). Acinetobacter sp. HM746599 are gram-negative, rod-shaped coccobacilli and are hemolytic/cytotoxic to human and sea turtle red blood cells (RBCs). Hemolysis is not the result of any detectable soluble toxin. Acinetobacter beijerinckii and A. venetianus hemolyze sheep RBCs while Acinetobacter sp. HM746599 does not, and unlike A. venetianus, the growth of Acinetobacter sp. HM746599 and A. beijerinckii is not supported by l-arginine. Many Acinetobacter species, especially hemolytic ones, are pathogenic to immunologically compromised humans and it is possible that, in addition to sea turtles, this bacterium might also be a danger to susceptible humans who handle infected hatchlings. The bacteria are available from CCUG (Culture Collection, University Gothenburg, G?teborg, Sweden) and from NRRL (Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection, Peoria, IL).     

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by actinomycete Streptomyces viridogens strain HM10

Biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles by Streptomycetes from Himalayan Mountain was undertaken for the first time. Out of 10 actinomycete strains tested, four strains (D10, HM10, ANS2 and MSU) showed evidence for the intracellular biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles, among which the strain HM10 showed high potency. Presence of spherical and rod shaped gold nanoparticles in mycelium of the strain HM10 was determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analysis. The average particle size ranged from 18-20 nm. UV spectral analysis indicated that the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) occurred within 24 h of reaction period. Further, the strain HM10 showed enhanced growth at 1 and 10 mM concentration of HAuCl4. The gold nanoparticles synthesized by the strain HM10 showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli in well-diffusion method. The potential actinomycete HM10 strain was phenotypically characterized and identified as Streptomyces viridogens (HM10). Thus, actinomycete strain HM10 reported in this study is a newly added source for the biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles.     

硅酸盐细菌HM8841菌株解钾作用的研究

早在三十年代苏联学者从土壤中分离到硅酸盐细菌,并测定解钾强度,培养5d分离出来的钾量为原硅酸盐中含量的15.9％,同时在不同土壤和不同农作物上进行了盆栽和田间试验,证明对农作物生长有较好的促进作用和增产效果。也有一些学者认为硅酸盐细菌的作用是刺激作用,为农作物补充钾素营养是微不足道的。 作者分离到硅酸盐细菌HM8841菌株,经工业发酵研制成菌剂。该菌剂经几年的大面积推广应用,在缺钾土壤上对各种农作物均表现出较好的增产效果。尤其在土壤中速效钾严重不足的情况下,施用该菌剂增产更加明显。这充分说明土壤缺少速效钾是限制农作物增产的重要原因。HM8841菌株能为农作物提供一定量的钾素使农作物提高产量。但其解钾能力有多高,能提供多少钾素,需要进一步研究。为此作者采取不同的方法,不同的底物对HM8841菌株的解钾效能进行了研究。     

Enhancement of arachidonic acid signaling pathway by nicotinic acid receptor HM74A

HM74A is a G protein-coupled receptor for nicotinic acid (niacin), which has been used clinically to treat dyslipidemia for decades. The molecular mechanisms whereby niacin exerts its pleiotropic effects on lipid metabolism remain largely unknown. In addition, the most common side effect in niacin therapy is skin flushing that is caused by prostaglandin release, suggesting that the phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2))/arachidonic acid (AA) pathway is involved. Various eicosanoids have been shown to activate peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) that play a diverse array of roles in lipid metabolism. To further elucidate the potential roles of HM74A in mediating the therapeutic effects and/or side effects of niacin, we sought to explore the signaling events upon HM74A activation. Here we demonstrated that HM74A synergistically enhanced UTP- and bradykinin-mediated AA release in a pertussis toxin-sensitive manner in A431 cells. Activation of HM74A also led to Ca(2+)-mobilization and enhanced bradykinin-promoted Ca(2+)-mobilization through Gi protein. While HM74A increased ERK1/2 activation by the bradykinin receptor, it had no effects on UTP-promoted ERK1/2 activation.Furthermore, UTP- and bradykinin-mediated AA release was significantly decreased in the presence of both MAPK kinase inhibitor PD 098059 and PKC inhibitor GF 109203X. However, the synergistic effects of HM74A were not dramatically affected by co-treatment with both inhibitors, indicating the cross-talk occurred at the receptor level. Finally, stimulation of A431 cells transiently transfected with PPRE-luciferase with AA significantly induced luciferase activity, mimicking the effects of PPARgamma agonist rosiglitazone, suggesting that alteration of AA signaling pathway can regulate gene expression via endogenous PPARs.