大(鵟)和长耳鸮的部分血液生理生化指标及血细胞的显微结构观察

为了解大(鵟)(Buteo hemilasius)、长耳鸮(Asio otus)的血象、血液生理生化参数正常值及血细胞的形态特征,为其健康检测和保护提供参考资料,采用纽巴氏法、沙利氏比色法、离心法、瑞士染色等方法检测了大鵟和长耳鸮的血象,利用全自动血液生物化学分析仪测定了两种鸟的19项血液生化指标,利用生物显微技术对其血细胞进行观察.结果表明:大鵟的红细胞数量、红细胞压积、红细胞分布宽度、血红蛋白含量、平均血红蛋白浓度、嗜酸性粒细胞数量、淋巴细胞数量、白细胞数量及凝血细胞数量均高于长耳鹗,而其他指标均低于长耳鸮;其中,红细胞平均体积在两种鸟类间存在极显著性差异(P＜0.01),其他均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).在生理生化检测中,大(鵟)的谷草转氨酶、总蛋白含量、白蛋白含量、球蛋白含量、总胆固醇、甘油三酯和葡萄糖含量均高于长耳鸮,且大(鵟)的无机离子中的钠和氯离子浓度也高于长耳鸮,而其他指标均低于长耳鸮,其中谷丙转氨酶和肌酐具有极显著性差异(P＜0.01),尿酸和葡萄糖具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),其他指标均无显著性差异(P＞0.05).大(鵟)和长耳鸮的血细胞形态相似.种属不同及生活习性的差异可能是导致这两种鸟类血液生理常值差别及显微结构差异的主要原因,而采样时的机体状况、营养状况及测试操作方法也有一定的影响.     

宁乡花猪原代和第一代血液生理生化指标比较

目的比较原代宁乡花猪与其第一代仔猪血液生理生化指标的变化。方法常规方法测定宁乡花猪F0代16头,F1代16头血液18项生理指标和13项生化指标。结果F0代与F1代部分血液生理指标如白细胞（WBC）、红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、红细胞积压（HCT）等13项有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;部分血液生化指标如总胆红素（TBIL）,尿素氮（BUN）,总蛋白（TP）,白／球蛋白（ALB／GLB）,葡萄糖（GLU）,有显著性差异（P〈0．05）;其他指标均无统计学差异。结论2代宁乡花猪之间部分血液生理生化指标有显著性差异。得到的数据可以为实验动物化研究提供相应的基础生理参考数据。     

海南鳽部分血液生理生化指标

应用血球分析仪和全自动生化分析仪测定了海南鳽的7项血液生理指标和33项血清生化指标.结果显示:海南鳽像兀鹫一样具有大型的红细胞,与已报道的白鹭、池鹭、夜鹭、彩鹳、石鸡等几种鸟类相比,其平均红细胞体积(MCV)和平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)较高,红细胞计数(RBC)、红细胞压积(HCT)和血红蛋白浓度(HGB)均较低;尿素(Urea)含量较高.有关红细胞的生理指标揭示了海南鳽的血液携氧能力较低.生化指标与其他鸟类的差异可能是由物种不同所致.     

雌雄金黄地鼠血液生理生化指标的比较分析

目的测定金黄地鼠的血液生理生化参考值,并对两性的参考值进行比较。方法将88只4周龄金黄地鼠,80只8周龄金黄地鼠,采血后,用日本光电MEK-7222K血球分析仪测定血液生理指标,用Olympus AU400全自动生化分析仪测定血清生化指标。结果4周龄金黄地鼠血液生理指标中RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV和RDW性别差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,而WBC、MCH、MCHC、PLT、PCT、MPV和PDW等性别差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;4周龄金黄地鼠血清生化指标中ALB、ALP、GLU、CA、P、CHO和TG性别差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,而ALT、AST、TP、BUN和CREA等性别差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。8周龄金黄地鼠血液生理指标中WBC、LYM、MON、BAS、LYM％、NEUT％、MCH、RBC、HGB、HCT、MCV、PDW和RDW性别差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,而MCHC、PLT、MPV、PCT、NEUT、EOS、BAS、MON％和EOS％等性别差异无显著性（P〉0.05）;8周金黄地鼠血清生化指标中ALT、ALB、BUN、GLU、CREA、P、CHO和TG性别差异有显著性（P〈0.05）,而AST、TP、ALP和CA等性别差异无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论金黄地鼠血液的生理生化值受多种因素影响,部分指标两性问测定值有差异,但多数指标差异不显著。     

人工饲养树鼩血液学及生化指标正常值测定及分析

目的建立人工饲养健康树鼩血液学和血液生化指标的正常值参考范围,并探讨与不同物种的血液学和血液生化值的差异及相互关系。方法应用全自动血细胞仪和生化分析仪测定140只健康成年树鼩的血液学及血液生化指标。结果雌性与雄性比较,LYM％、PLT、RDW％、GLU、CREA的差异具有显著性（JP〈0．05）,11P、CHOL、TG的差异具有极显著性（P〈0．01）,其他指标的差异不具显著性,部分指标与恒河猴、大鼠及人的相应指标存在一定的差异。结论本文建立了健康树鼩的血液学及生化指标的正常值参考范围,可为应用该动物进行科学研究时提供参考。     

雄性Fmr1基因敲除小鼠血液生理生化指标及性激素水平的比较研究

目的比较雄性Fmr1基因敲除小鼠和FVB小鼠血液生理生化值和血清性激素水平,探讨Fmr1基因对动物生长发育和生殖生理等方面的影响。方法分别测定血液生理指标、血清生化指标、血清电解质和血清E2、LH、FSH、T和PRL的含量,并进行统计学处理和分析。结果雄性Fmr1基因敲除小鼠与FVB小鼠比较,血液生理指标中MCV和PCT有显著差异（P〈0．05）,而RBC、HCT、HGB、MCH和WBC等无显著差异（P〉0．05）;血清生化指标中除TBIL、[IP^3＋]、[Mg^2＋]（P〈0．05）和AIP、BUN（P〈0．01）外,TPROT、GLB、A／G、BUN、CREAT、[K^＋]、[Na^＋]等项均无显著差异（P〉0．05）。性激素水平E2、LH值差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,FSH、T、PRL差异极显著（P〈0．01）。结论Fmr1基因可影响动物的某些生理生化及激素水平。     

质控物结合新鲜全血监测不同型号血细胞 分析仪检测结果的对比研究

目的：用全血质控物（以下简称质控物）监测不同型号血细胞分析仪后,对比不同型号血细胞分析仪检测同一份血标本结果的差异,以及用质控物结合新鲜血监测不同型号血细胞分析仪后,对比不同型号血细胞分析仪检测同一份血标本结果的差异。方法：美国亚培公司提供的CD-1600血细胞分析仪及其配套试剂,美国库尔特公司提供的COULTER—JT血细胞分析仪及其配套试剂,检测200例4至6岁健康查体儿童血常规。结果：用质控物检测不同型号血细胞分析仪,CD-1600的检测结果：4至6岁儿童白细胞计数,淋巴细胞、中间细胞、中性粒细胞男性与女性之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血小板的检测结果男性与女性之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。COULTER-JT的检测结果：4至6岁儿童白细胞计数。淋巴细胞、中间细胞、中性粒细胞男性与女性之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积、血小板男性与女性之间无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。CD-1600与COULTER-JT比较的检测结果：4至6岁儿童男性白细胞计数、淋巴细胞、中间细胞、中性粒细胞、血小板均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。但红细胞、血红蛋白、红细胞压积具有显著性差异（P〈0．01）。4至6岁儿童女性白细胞计数、淋巴细胞、血小板均无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。但中间细胞（0．01〉P〉0、05）中性粒细胞（P〈0．01）红细胞（P〈0．01）血红蛋白（0．01〉P〉0．05）红细胞压积（P〈0．01）均具有显著性差异。用质控物结合新鲜血监测不同型号血细胞分析仪检测结果上述各项指标均无显著性差异。结论：用质控物监测不同型号血细胞分析仪,同一份血标本不同仪器检测结果,部分指标有显著性差异,用质控物结合新鲜血监测不同型号血细胞分析仪,同一份血标本检测结果,其各项指标均无显著性差异。     

暗腹雪鸡与海兰褐鸡血液生理生化指标的比较

为了解暗腹雪鸡（Tetraogallus himalayensis）正常血液生理生化特性,本文对暗腹雪鸡21项血液生理生化指标进行了测定,并与海兰褐鸡（Gallus gallus domesticus var. Hyline）进行了比较。测定结果,暗腹雪鸡的红细胞纵径及横纵径乘积、平均红细胞容积及平均红细胞血红蛋白含量极显著大于海兰褐鸡（P<0.01）;暗腹雪鸡天冬氨酸氨基转移酶和胆固醇含量均极显著高于海兰褐鸡（P<0.01）。其他各项血液生理生化指标两禽种间之间差异不显著。实验结果表明,暗腹雪鸡血液生理生化指标与家养蛋鸡之间有一定差异,暗腹雪鸡对高原低氧环境有较强的适应性可能与其红细胞体积较大、平均红细胞容积及平均红细胞血红蛋白含量较高有一定关系。     

C57-ras致癌性转基因小鼠模型的脏器及血液学参数

目的测定自主建立的致癌性转基因动物模型C57-ras小鼠的血液生理生化值和主要脏器重量,计算脏器系数并作统计学分析。方法选取同窝C57-ras转基因阳性和阴性小鼠,雌雄各半,采血,测量血液生理指标和血清生化指标,并称主要脏器重量。结果 C57-ras转基因阳性雌鼠和阴性雌鼠间比较,NEUT、NEUT%存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）,PCT存在极显著性差异（P〈0.01）。C57-ras转基因阳性雄鼠和阴性雄鼠间比较,RBC、HCT、PLT、PCT存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）,MON%存在极显著性差异（P〈0.01）。血清生化指标中,ALT和TG存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）。主要脏器重量和脏器系数比较结果显示,除C57-ras转基因阳性雌鼠和阴性雌鼠在肺重量存在极显著性差异（P〈0.01）外,其余均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论新建C57-ras致癌性转基因小鼠模型和正常C57BL/6小鼠的主要生物学特性基本一致,利于该模型在致癌性安全性评价等领域的实际应用。     

C57-ras致癌性转基因模型杂交1代的脏器及血液学参数测定

目的测定自主建立的致癌性转基因动物模型C57-ras小鼠杂交F1代的血液生理生化值和主要脏器重量,计算脏器系数并作统计学分析。方法选取同窝C57-ras转基因阳性鼠和BALB/cJ小鼠交配后的杂交1代CB6F1-Tg小鼠,雌雄各半,采血,测量血液生理指标和血清生化指标,并称主要脏器重量。结果血液生理指标中,CB6F1-Tg转基因阳性（＋/-）雌鼠和阴性（-/-）雌鼠间比较,MCHC存在极显著性差异（P〈0.01）;CB6F1-Tg转基因阳性（＋/-）雄鼠和阴性（-/-）雄鼠间比较,PLT、PCT、EOS%、NEUT、NEUT%、LYM%存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）,NEUT%、LYM%存在极显著性差异（P〈0.01）。血清生化指标中,CB6F1-Tg阳性（＋/-）雌鼠和阴性（-/-）雌鼠比较,ALT、TP、ALB存在显著性差异（P〈0.05）,TG存在极显著性差异（P〈0.01）。主要脏器重量和脏器系数均无显著性差异（P〉0.05）。结论测定了新建C57-ras致癌性转基因小鼠模型F1代阳性小鼠和阴性小鼠的主要生物学特性,为该模型在致癌性安全性评价等领域的实际应用中提供参考。     

深水网箱养殖卵形鲳鲹血液指标

对深水网箱养殖卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)成鱼的部分血液性状和血清生化指标进行测定比较.结果显示,雌、雄成鱼红细胞数量(RBC)、白细胞数量(WBC)、血细胞比容(Ht)、红细胞沉降率(ESR)等血液性状不存在显著性差异.血清指标中雌、雄成鱼血糖(GLU)的含量分别为(10.24±1.25)mmol/L、(17.36±1.34)mmol/L,存在极显著差异;雌鱼血清中低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、钾离子(K+)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)浓度大于雄鱼(P<0.05);雄鱼血清中肌酐(CREA)、钠离子(Na+)浓度大于雌鱼(P<0.05);尿酸(UA)、尿素氮(BUN)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)、总蛋白(TP)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、白蛋白/球蛋白(ALB/GLB)、钙离子(Ca2+)、氯离子(Cl-)、无机磷(PO43-)等指标,雌雄差异不显著.卵形鲳鲹部分生化指标存在雌雄差异,可能与个体的生理状况有关.结果可为卵形鲳鲹血液生理研究提供基础资料.     

南方鲇幼鱼和成鱼血液指标的比较

测定了南方鲇(Silurus meridionalis)幼鱼和成鱼部分血液生理及生化指标,结果表明,南方鲇幼鱼和成鱼血液中红细胞数量(RBC)、白细胞数量(WBC)、白细胞分类计数(DLC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血糖(GLU)、总蛋白(TP)、胆固醇(CHOL)及甘油三酯(TG)二者差异不显著,在对幼鱼与成鱼做血液诊断时这些指标可以用同一个标准。成鱼血液中谷草转氨酶(GOT)活性显著高于幼鱼,而幼鱼血液中谷丙转氨酶(GPT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性显著高于成鱼,幼鱼血液中氯离子(Cl-)浓度极显著高于成鱼,在对南方鲇幼鱼和成鱼做血液学诊断时需要设定不同标准。     

In vitro kinetics of oxygen transport in erythrocyte suspension or unmodified hemoglobin solution from human and other animals

Oxygen transport behavior in erythrocyte suspension or in hemoglobin solution was studied as a potential therapeutic model for the clinical treatment of blood loss, and this can also provide physiological data with which to evaluate blood substitutes. In the present project, we examined the in vitro kinetics of hemoglobin binding to and releasing oxygen, to provide detailed oxygen-flux measurements for unmodified hemoglobin solutions and erythrocyte suspensions in human, as well as other vertebrates. An in vitro method was used, based on a widely used artificial system, with the oxygen saturation level being detected in real time. Results from this study indicated that the kinetic curves of human erythrocyte suspensions and hemoglobin solutions were either S-shaped or hyperbolic, respectively. Based on these curves, the significance of T(50) emerged in our investigation, where T(50) is defined as the time needed for 50% hemoglobin to be saturated with oxygen, and reflects the efficiency with which hemoglobin carries oxygen. This parameter may be used to diagnose blood diseases, and could be a standard for evaluating blood substitutes. In this study, we also compared the T(50) of 4 species of vertebrates, and found that it shows a distinct efficiency of oxygen binding related to species, and potentially reveals the evolutionary function of hemoglobin and its possible adaptation to the environment.     

Bivariate and Multivariate Analyses of the Influence of Blood Variables of Patients Submitted to Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass on the Stability of Erythrocyte Membrane against the Chaotropic Action of Ethanol

The stability of the erythrocyte membrane, which is essential for the maintenance of cell functions, occurs in a critical region of fluidity, which depends largely on its composition and the composition and characteristics of the medium. As the composition of the erythrocyte membrane is influenced by several blood variables, the stability of the erythrocyte membrane must have relations with them. The present study aimed to evaluate, by bivariate and multivariate statistical analyses, the correlations and causal relationships between hematologic and biochemical variables and the stability of the erythrocyte membrane against the chaotropic action of ethanol. The validity of this type of analysis depends on the homogeneity of the population and on the variability of the studied parameters, conditions that can be filled by patients who undergo bariatric surgery by the technique of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass since they will suffer feeding restrictions that have great impact on their blood composition. Pathway analysis revealed that an increase in hemoglobin leads to decreased stability of the cell, probably through a process mediated by an increase in mean corpuscular volume. Furthermore, an increase in the mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) leads to an increase in erythrocyte membrane stability, probably because higher values of MCH are associated with smaller quantities of red blood cells and a larger contact area between the cell membrane and ethanol present in the medium.     

Biochemical and hematologic reference intervals for free-ranging desert bighorn sheep

Over 200 clinically normal desert bighorn sheep (Ovis canadensis) from multiple geographic areas were sampled utilizing a uniform protocol. The goals of this study were to develop comprehensive reference intervals for hematologic and biochemical analytes using central 90th percentile nonparametric analyses. Adult female sheep had greater erythrocyte mass (hemoglobin and hematocrit) compared with adult male sheep. Young animals < or = 1-yr-old had greater erythrocyte mass (hemoglobin, hematocrit and red blood cell count), higher alkaline phosphatase activity, and lower serum protein and globulin concentrations compared with adult animals. Because of the large sample size, wide geographic range, and uniform sample and handling protocol in this study, these reference intervals should be robust and applicable to other free-ranging desert bighorn sheep populations.     

Hematological responses to thermal acclimation in a cold water squaliform (Heterodontus francisci girard)

Summary The hematological modifications occurring as a result of acclimation to increased temperature in the cold water horn shark,Heterodontus francisci, were evaluated. Sharks were maintained under constant conditions except for temperature (15°C and 25°C) in a closed marine system. The total red blood cell (RBC) number decreased in the 25°C sharks. In contrast, hemoglobin concentration, hematocrit, mean corpuscular volume (MCV) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) significantly increased at 25°C compared to the control animals. RBC size was increased at 25°C, but the surface area/mm³ whole blood was reduced. Folic acid levels were not different between the groups. Vitamin B₁₂ levels decreased and testosterone increased at 25°C. Blood pH, number of erythroblasts, number of white blood cells (WBC) and WBC differential analyses were essentially unchanged at the two temperatures, except that the relative neutrophil number was increased. The major hematological changes occur in the erythrocytes and appear to be sequential in nature with an initial loss of RBC followed by increased hemoglobin synthesis and increased RBC size, but lack of recovery of RBC numbers.Abbreviations Hb hemoglobin - Hct hematocrit - MCH(C) mean corpuscular hemoglobin (concentration) - MCV mean corpuscular volume - RBC red blood cells - WBC white blood cells Contribution Number 359, Department of Biology     

棕色田鼠血液生理生化指标的测定

报道了棕色田鼠指名亚种的正常血象值及几项血液生化值。结果表明,各项备注学和血液生化学参数值在成年个体间无性别差异（附红细胞数、血红蛋白浓度、红细胞压积外,但此三项指标尚未达到极显著差异水平）。与其它仓鼠科动物的血液生理生化参数值相比较,棕色田鼠除红细胞数、血红蛋白浓度及中性粒细胞略低外,其它各项参数虽有差异,但均无统计学意义。     

A theoretical model to predict the behavior of glycosylated hemoglobin levels

The measurement of glycosylated hemoglobin as a percentage of total hemoglobin is rapidly becoming the standard method of monitoring the average blood sugar level in diabetics for research purposes and may soon become the standard for clinical care and diagnosis. Much speculation exists in the literature about the nature of the glycosylation reaction. Most experimenters expect a linear relationship between the plasma glucose level and percent glycosylated hemoglobin in whole blood; however, a curve of decreasing slope with increasing glucose concentration is found.Here, a reaction model including simple first order kinetics between glucose and hemoglobin and a finite erythrocyte life of 120 days is considered. By carrying out the integration for each erythrocyte cohort followed by an integration combining all cohorts, a curve corresponding to the experimental result is found. In addition, results on expected glycosylated hemoglobin percent as a function of erythrocyte age and plasma glucose concentration are presented as well as a plot of glucose concentration versus glycosylated hemoglobin percent for the 40-day erythrocyte life in mice. All of the results correlate with experimental values in the literature if a rate constant of k = 1·0 × 10^?5dlmg^?1 day is used.The evaluation of a radioactive iron-transferrin experiment in the literature reveals the possibility that the glycosylation reaction begins during erythropoiesis.Finally, a curve is displayed which shows the expected 120-day decay during normoglycemia, of an elevated glycosylated hemoglobin level resulting from a preceding period of constant hyperglycemia.     

Correlations of blood selenium with hematological parameters in West German Adults

The serum selenium and the whole blood selenium of 72 healthy persons (47 women, 25 men) was determined. There exist sex specific differences of the whole blood selenium between men (98±19 μg Se/L) and women (89±17 μg Se/L). The serum selenium did not show sex specific differences, but sex specific differences are found if the total amount of extracellular selenium is calculated by correction of the serum selenium with the hematocrit. Women have more extracellular selenium/L whole blood (40±8 μg Se) than men (36±7 μg Se). Men have more intraerythrocyte selenium (cellular selenium=67±14 μg Se) in one L whole blood than women (52±17 μg Se). There exist also sex specific differences if the cellular selenium is calculated/g hemoglobin (men .44 μg Se/g Hb, women .37 μg Se/Hb) or per erythrocyte (men 136.1×10^?19 g Se/Ery, women 113.9×10^?19 g Se/Ery). In the cellular compartment of one L whole blood on the average 1.56 times more selenium is present than in the extracellular compartment. Most of the intraerythrocyte selenium is hemoglobin bound (84%) and utmost 16% glutathione peroxidase associated. An erythrocyte contains about 3500 mol glutathione peroxidase, or, for every 80000 mol hemoglobin one mol glutathione peroxidase. A standard man needs about 2.5 μg selenium/d for the synthesis of the hemoglobin and the erythrocyte. The hematological parameters hemoglobin and the erythrocyte number are correlated with the cellular selenium and the ratio cellular selenium/extracellular selenium. Positive significant correlations are found that are best if a parabolic model is used to interpret the shape of the curves. From the shape of the best correlation lines it can be concluded that selenium may be beneficial for hemoglobin synthesis and erythropoesis. The extracellular selenium may have influence on the volume of the erythrocyte by protecting the outer erythrocyte membrane from lipid peroxidation. A method is reported based on the carbon furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy, which is able to determine without wet digestion selenium in whole blood.     

The red cell revisited--matters of life and death.

An erythrocyte-fractionating method combining volume and subsequent density separation is described. Iron isotope (59Fe)-validation proved this combination of methods to be complementary. By deploying HbA1c as cell age marker, obtained fractions demonstrated that circulating erythrocytes lose 20% of hemoglobin and membrane by shedding vesicles. Vesiculation from older cells proved to be facilitated by the spleen. Animal studies revealed that such vesicles are rapidly removed from the circulation by scavenger receptors on Kupffer cells with phosphatidylserine acting as the principal ligand. These studies reveal the existence of an alternative pathway of erythrocyte breakdown. This means that the premortal substrate of 20% of any erythrocyte is at our disposal. As this kind of vesiculation takes place during the entire erythrocyte lifespan, loss and sometimes reutilisation of marker substances limits the usefulness of isotope studies to the first half of the erythrocyte lifespan, thereby putting the dogmatic lifespan of 120 days into question. Furthermore, these studies add to the understanding of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) metabolism and the origin of the wide variation of erythrocyte parameters in peripheral blood. Removal of old erythrocytes from the circulation and from donor blood may open new ways into the treatment of both bilirubin and secondary iron overload.