门静脉高压脾功能亢进对大鼠肝癌发生率的影响

目的:通过对门静脉高压脾功能亢进大鼠药物诱导肝癌过程中进行脾脏切除,探讨门静脉高压脾功能亢进对大鼠肝癌发生率的影响。方法:将雌雄SD大鼠性别内分别分为对照组、脾亢组、脾亢切脾组,脾功能亢进大鼠模型采用门静脉缩窄术联合脾静脉结扎术进行制备,各组均予以DEN(二乙基亚硝胺)腹腔注射,按体重20mg/kg给药,每周3次,12周停药,14周处死。其中,脾亢脾切除组于给药第四周进行脾切除术,手术恢复期间持续给药。观察各组实验动物的肝脏大体变化及病理改变,计算成瘤率。结果:实际成瘤率显示脾亢组较对照组明显升高,而雄性脾亢切脾组的成瘤率较脾亢组有所降低。雌性脾亢切脾组成瘤率同脾亢组差异不明显。结论:门静脉高压脾功能亢进状态下进行脾切除,对于雄性能减低肝癌发生的风险,对于雌性的意义不大,给临床实际工作提供了新的思路。     

应用脾动脉结扎法行全腹腔镜巨脾切除术的临床研究

目的:探讨应用脾动脉结扎法行全腹腔镜巨脾切除术的安全性、可行性及手术技巧。方法:将2010年1月1日至2012年1月1日因肝硬化门脉高压脾机能亢进巨脾患者随机分为腹腔镜脾切除(Laparoscopic Splenectomy,LS)组及开腹脾切除(OpenSplenectomy,OS)组,比较两组的临床特征及围手术期差异。结果:LS组与OS组在性别组成、术前肝功能child分级、年龄组成及脾脏长径方面均无统计学意义。LS组手术时间比OS组略长,但无统计学意义,LS组术中出血量明显低于OS组(P<0.01),LS组术后进食、术后排气、引流管拔除及出院时间均明显早于OS组(P<0.01)。结论:腹腔镜脾切除术为治疗门脉高压巨脾的一种有效、安全、可行的手术方式。     

部分脾栓塞术对肝硬化脾功能亢进的介入治疗

目的:探讨和评价部分脾栓塞术(PSE)治疗肝硬化脾功能亢进的临床应用价值。方法:采用Seldinger技术对28例乙肝后肝硬化伴脾功能亢进患者用高压消毒明胶海绵颗粒共进行31次PSE。结果:28例手术中27例获得成功,栓塞范围为30％-60％,25位患者术后1周以内、1-2周及2周以上WBC和PLT均有不同程度的上升(P<0.01),临床有效率为92.6％。手术前后肝功能变化不大。全部病例均未发生严重并发症。结论:部分脾栓塞术对治疗肝硬化脾亢有明显疗效,可替代脾切除术。对肝功能的改善,近期疗效不明显。     

急性巨细胞病毒感染导致新生豚鼠脾细胞亚群的定量改变

新生豚鼠皮下接种豚鼠巨细胞病毒(GPCMV)后,导致脾脏GPCMV急性感染,脾脏肿大,脾细胞增生,计算表明,脾T淋巴细胞,B淋巴细胞、吞噬细胞数显著高于正常动物,接种病毒后第5天即可在脾细胞检出高滴度感染性病毒(达2.5 log10 TCID50/10~7细胞),其中,主要是脾B淋巴细胞、T淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞携带病毒。     

重视肠道微生态变化在慢性肝病中作用的研究

病毒、酗酒等引起的慢性肝病是世界性的问题。我国是世界上病毒性肝炎的高发地区 ,乙型肝炎病毒携带者达 1.3亿 ,每年乙型肝炎的发病人数达 1千 3百万。由于病毒性肝炎发病机制极为复杂 ,尚未阐明 ,尽管目前干扰素、拉米夫定等抗病毒药物在临床已得到广泛的应用 ,但慢性病毒性肝炎进展为肝硬化、慢性重型肝炎的势头并未因此得到有效的遏制。肝移植、人工肝脏治疗可显著降低肝硬化、慢性重型肝炎患者的病死率 ,但由于经济、技术等诸多因素的限制 ,慢性肝病总体病死率仍居高不下。己知内毒素及内毒素—肿瘤坏死因子细胞因子网络作用通过致肝细…     

脾切除对肝硬化门静脉高压症大鼠免疫功能的影响及意义

目的:对肝硬化门静脉高压症大鼠行脾切除手术,观察术后大鼠免疫系统功能的变化情况,探讨脾切除术对免疫系统的影响,为临床治疗提供理论基础。方法:选取SD大鼠45只建立PHT模型,随机分为PHT组、脾全切组及部分脾切除组,每组各15只。另选取10只健康大鼠为对照组。分别对四组大鼠行不同的脾切除方案,术后检测四组大鼠的血常规、免疫球蛋白含量、T淋巴细胞亚群的变化及组织病理学染色结果等,分析各指标的意义。结果:四组大鼠血常规检测结果显示,PHT组大鼠WBC高于对照组,PHTTS组高于PHT组,PHTSS组高于PHTTS组,差异显著且具有统计学意义(P0.05)。四组大鼠血浆中IgG含量差异显著(P0.05);IgA、IgM含量无显著性差异(P0.05)。四组大鼠CD4+、CD8+含量差异显著(P0.05);CD29+含量无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论:脾脏直接参于细胞介导免疫调节,脾切除可降低门脉压力,消除脾亢,有利于肝硬化门脉高压症的缓解。     

肝炎后肝硬化患者肝癌发生的保护因素与危险因素研究

目的:通过回顾性病例对照研究,探讨多种因素在病毒性肝炎后肝化门静脉高压症患者HCC发生过程中的作用以及脾切除是否抑制了肝癌的发生进程。方法:收集第四军医大学西京医院病案统计室检索2002年1月～2008年12月之间出院诊断为病毒性肝炎后(HBV/HCV)肝硬化门脉高压的病例2300余例,收集所有病例的一般资料,临床及实验室检查数据,影象学检查结果,以及在治疗过程中的脾切除手术史。采用病例对照,按年龄、性别两个指标进行1:1配对,根据研究对象是否合并HCC将其分为合并HCC组(组1),未合并HCC组(组2),采用SPSS17.0进行单因素分析及多因素logistic回归分析。结果:描述性统计结果显示,两组的ALB、AST、TP、ALP、GGT等差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),而PLT、ALT、TBIL等在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。将单因素分析有意义的研究因素纳入多因素logistic回归方程得知,AST、ALP、GGT异常升高增加了肝癌发生的危险性,而行脾切除和门奇断流术明显降低了肝癌发生的危险性,仅为无手术患者肝癌发生危险性的57.1%(OR:0.571,95%CI:0.394～0.825)。...     

白细胞介素-6与慢性乙型病毒性肝炎进展的关系

白细胞介素-6(IL-6)是一种具有多效生物活性的炎性细胞因子,参与体内多种炎症反应介导的免疫损伤,在病毒感染性疾病及其进展中影响深远。乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染宿主后可引起一系列炎性免疫反应,导致乙型病毒性肝炎、肝硬化甚至肝细胞癌等多种疾病的发生。大量研究表明IL-6与乙型病毒性肝炎发生及进展密切相关。本文旨在对IL-6与HBV感染、病毒复制及慢性乙型病毒性肝炎、肝硬化及肝癌进展的相关性作一综述,并评估IL-6基因多态性在乙型病毒性肝炎进展中的作用,以期为慢性乙型病毒性肝炎肝硬化靶向治疗提供帮助。     

脾切除后自体脾组织移植的研究进展

现已证明了脾脏是人体内最大周围淋巴器官，拥有多种免疫活动性细胞因子，又是储血、滤血、造血、毁血的器官，有着重要的抗感染、抗肿瘤功能，决不能随意切除。所以正确的处理切脾与保脾、保命与保功能的关系至关重要，脾切除后自体脾组织移植进行保留脾脏功能已逐渐被认可。     

病毒性肝病抗病毒治疗期间新发肝癌7例临床分析

目的:探讨病毒性肝炎肝硬化患者经抗病毒治疗仍发生原发性肝癌的原因。方法:回顾性分析兰州大学第一医院东岗院区肝病中心在2012年10月-2013年6月收治的7例病毒性肝炎肝硬化患者在规范抗病毒治疗期间新发原发性肝癌的临床资料、抗病毒治疗情况。结果:7例患者中有HBV感染6例,HCV感染1例;慢性肝炎2例,肝硬化5例;HBeAg阴性5例;3例合并糖尿病;经抗病毒治疗后病毒载量均处于低度复制或不可测状态。结论:病毒性肝炎肝硬化患者经抗病毒治疗不能完全消除原发性肝癌发生的风险,病毒载量、HBeAg阴性、糖尿病、肝硬化等可能是肝癌发生的危险因素。     

脾切除术对肝癌发生的影响

目的：探讨脾切除术对肝炎后肝硬化脾亢患者的肝癌发生发展的影响。方法：回顾性研究369名肝硬化脾亢伴或不伴肝癌患者,经倾向性得分匹配方法（PS法）均衡分为无脾切除组（246例）和脾切除组（123例）,分别比较脾切组中脾切除术对患者肝功能的影响和两组间肝癌发生率的差异。结果：脾切除术后患者AST、ALT在短期内有轻微升高,WBC和PLT记数明显增加,血清TBIL和PT也都降低。无脾切除组和脾切除组的肝癌发生率分别为33.33%和12.26%,卡方检验结果P〈0.05,有统计学意义。结论：脾切除术不但可以改善肝硬化肝癌患者的肝功能,还可以降低肝硬化脾亢患者肝癌发生的危险。     

门静脉高压症脾切断流术后血栓形成的临床研究

目的:探讨门静脉高压症脾切断流术后门静脉系统血栓形成的相关原因。方法:回顾性分析2010年4月-2011年12月我科450例因肝硬化门静脉高压症行脾切断流术患者的临床资料,应用超声多普勒检测手术前后门静脉血流速度、门静脉直径及脾静脉、肠系膜上静脉、门静脉血栓情况,用Logistic回归分析术前肝功能Child-Pugh分级、门静脉直径、门静脉血流速度、脾脏的质量及术后血小板数量与门静脉系统血栓形成的关系。结果:术前门静脉系统有血栓患者75例,占16.7%。术后门静脉血栓再形成率52.9%。Logistic单因素分析提示门静脉系统血栓形成与门静脉内径、门静脉血流速度、脾脏质量、血清总胆红素、术后血小板数量有关。多因素分析发现门静脉系统血栓形成与门静脉内径、门静脉血流速度、脾脏质量有关,而与血清总胆红素、术后血小板数量无关。结论:肝硬化门静脉高压症脾切除术后门静脉系统血栓形成与门静脉内径、门静脉血流速度、脾脏质量有关。     

脾切除术对肝癌发生的影响

目的:探讨脾切除术对肝炎后肝硬化脾亢患者的肝癌发生发展的影响。方法:回顾性研究369名肝硬化脾亢伴或不伴肝癌患者,经倾向性得分匹配方法(PS法)均衡分为无脾切除组(246例)和脾切除组(123例),分别比较脾切组中脾切除术对患者肝功能的影响和两组间肝癌发生率的差异。结果:脾切除术后患者AST、ALT在短期内有轻微升高,WBC和PLT记数明显增加,血清TBIL和PT也都降低。无脾切除组和脾切除组的肝癌发生率分别为33.33%和12.26%,卡方检验结果P<0.05,有统计学意义。结论:脾切除术不但可以改善肝硬化肝癌患者的肝功能,还可以降低肝硬化脾亢患者肝癌发生的危险。     

Splenic hemodynamics and decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase in the spleen of rats with liver cirrhosis

The enlarged spleen in liver cirrhosis is considered to play a role in the pathogenesis of portal hypertension, but the splenic hemodynamics and molecular mechanisms behind the phenomenon have not been elucidated. The present study aimed to examine the splenic hemodynamics associated with splenic microcirculation and congestion, and to determine the status of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) signaling pathway in the spleen of rats with liver cirrhosis. Liver cirrhosis was induced by bile duct ligation. In rats with bile duct ligation (BDL rats) and control rats, splenic blood flow was measured using a laser Doppler flowmeter, and splenic blood volume was measured using a near-infrared spectrophotometer. The expressions of eNOS and its upstream effectors, Akt, TNF-alpha and VEGF, in the spleen were also determined. Specific splenic blood flow was significantly decreased in BDL rats compared with control rats. Specific splenic blood volume was also decreased in BDL rats, while their total splenic blood volume, especially the deoxygenated volume, was significantly increased. The expressions of phosphorylated and total eNOS, and the eNOS phosphorylation ratio, were all significantly decreased in the spleen of BDL rats. The Akt phosphorylation ratio and TNF-alpha concentration were also decreased in the spleen of BDL rats although the expression of VEGF was increased. These findings suggest that the eNOS signaling pathway is suppressed in the spleen of cirrhotic rats, and may contribute to the measured decreases in specific blood flow and volume in the spleen of liver cirrhosis. Determination of the factors influencing the suppression of eNOS in the spleen may shed light on how liver cirrhosis results in hypodynamic intrasplenic circulation.     

脾动脉栓塞术后出现严重粘连的脾切除手术体会

目的:探讨脾动脉栓塞术后严重脾粘连脾切除手术技巧,为临床实践提供可借鉴的方法。方法:收集我院2005年4月-2013年6月收治的18例脾动脉栓塞术后严重脾粘连行脾切除术的患者临床资料,分析手术时间、术中出血、术中特殊处理及术后恢复情况等。结果:18例患者均顺利恢复出院,无围手术期死亡,开腹后到脾切除完成平均耗时55 min、出血550 mL。术后并发症为腹水(8例)、肺部感染(1例)、胰瘘(1例)及腹腔内出血(1例)。结论:脾动脉栓塞术后出现严重脾粘连行脾切除术,手术风险较大,手术时间、术中出血较常规脾切除术明显延长、增多。规范手术操作,细致分离脾周粘连,合理处理脾蒂,是安全、有效完成此类脾切除术的关键。     

Is interleukin-10 gene polymorphism a predictive marker in HCV infection?

The clinical outcome of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection varies between individuals - from spontaneous viral clearance and persistence without complication, to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Also patterns of response to interferon-based anti-HCV therapy are different from person to person. This diversity may be affected by host genetic factors, including alterations in genes encoding cytokines. Interleukin-10, as an anti-inflammatory cytokine and immune response modulator, may influence on HCV infection susceptibility as well as spontaneous and treatment-induced HCV eradication. Moreover, it is stated that IL-10 has antifibrotic properties and play a role in progression of liver disease. This review summarized studies on interleukin-10 gene polymorphisms (mainly promoter SNPs at positions -1082(G/A), -819(C/T) and -592(C/A)), which may determine IL-10 production, regarding susceptibility to HCV infection, course of HCV-related liver disease (fibrosis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, ALT abnormalities), spontaneous viral elimination as well as hepatitis C treatment outcomes. Analysis of hereby summarized studies shows that it is difficult to unambiguously determine the importance of IL-10 polymorphism as a predictor of clinical outcome of hepatitis C and response to anti-HCV therapy before its beginning. Thus, future larger studies need to address these issues. Continuation of studies on interleukin-10 polymorphisms as well as identification of other candidate predictive markers in HCV infection has important practical implications and there is a chance that may contribute to reduce the scale of hepatitis C problem.     

Plasmapheresis in the treatment of hepatic coma]

Fourteen patients, including 6 with viral hepatitis B and 8 with liver cirrhosis were treated with plasmapheresis for hepatic coma. Altogether 29 plasmaphereses were carried out. Complete recovery was achieved in one patient with viral hepatitis B and in 3 patients with liver cirrhosis. Plasmapheresis should be performed in patients with severe lesions to the liver. Classification of patients to the treatment should include clinical examination, biochemical and enzymatic tests, and evaluation of liver reserve with isotope hepatography. In case of the acute poisoning with hepatotoxic agents indications to plasmapheresis should be evaluated from the toxicologic point of view.     

Non-secretory solitary plasmacytoma of the spleen

A case of primary nonsecretory plasmacytoma of the spleen is reported. On laparotomy and splenectomy a 920 g spleen was removed, measuring 16×14×6 cm. The cut surface of the entire spleen showed that the tumour occupied most of the splenic tissue. A bone marrow aspirate and trephine, skeletal survey showed no signs of myeloma. Biopsy of the liver and regional lymph nodes was normal. Immunocytochemistry of the splenic tumour showed positivity for pan-B and plasma cell markers. After splenectomy the patient was treated with chemotherapy according to protocol VBCMP (M2).