草芍药,野牡丹和黄牡丹的核型研究

本文报道了国产芍药属(Paeonia L.)植物草芍药、野牡丹和黄牡丹的染色体数目及核型,均为2n=10=6m 2sm 2st,它们分别具2、3和4对次缢痕,所具次缢痕的数目和位置可以作三种核型的区别特征。     

贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的细胞分类学研究

报道了6种贵州产蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体数目和核型,并与其相应近缘种对比,联系植物的外部形态特征,探讨核型结构与形态特征的相关性.发现1个种的染色体数目为2n =36,5个种的染色体数目为2n =38,核型公式分别为:平塘蜘蛛抱蛋(Aspidistra pingtangensis),2n =38 =20m +4sm(2sat) +14st;荔波蜘蛛抱蛋(A.liboensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+4sm+ 12st;赤水蜘蛛抱蛋(A.chishuiensis),2n =38 =22m(2sat)+8sm +8st;伞柱蜘蛛抱蛋(A.fungilliformis),2n =36=18m (2sat) +4sm+ 14st;四川蜘蛛抱蛋(A.sichuanensis),2n =38 =22m (2sat) +4sm +12st;丛生蜘蛛抱蛋(A caespitosa),2n =38 =20m +6sm(2sat) +12st.核型类型都为2C型.其中平塘蜘蛛抱蛋、荔波蜘蛛抱蛋和赤水蜘蛛抱蛋的染色体数目和核型均为首次报道.研究结果表明,该属植物的核型结构与外部形态特征具有一定的相关性,细胞分类学研究可以为该属植物起源进化研究以及自然分类鉴定提供一定的依据.     

风毛菊属5种植物的核型分析

采用常规压片法,对风毛菊属(Saussurea)5种植物的染色体数目和核型类型进行分析。结果表明:大耳叶风毛菊(S.macrota)核型公式为2n=2x=26=10m+12sm+4st,属2A型;长梗风毛菊(S.dolichopoda)核型公式为2n=2x=26=14m+8sm+4st,属2A型;川陕风毛菊(S.licentiana)核型公式为2n=2x=28=12m+16sm,属2B型;杨叶风毛菊(S.populifolia)核型公式为2n=2x=28=6m+18sm+4st,属2B型;尾叶风毛菊(S.caudata)核型公式为2n=2x=30=14m+14sm+2st,属2A型。这5种风毛菊属植物中,除大耳叶风毛菊染色体数目和核型类型与前人报道的一致外,其余4种植物的染色体数目和核型类型均为首次报道,并在川陕风毛菊中发现1对B染色体。     

珍珠菜属三种植物的核型研究

对国产三种珍珠菜属 (Lysimachia)植物进行了核型研究 ,其中点腺过路黄 (LysimachiahemsleyanaMaxim .)染色体核型 2n =2 2 =2m +4sm +8st+8t,聚花过路黄 (L .congestifloraHesmsl.)核型 2n =2 4=2m +2sm +1 0st+1 0t及山萝过路黄 (L .melampyroidesR .Knuth)染色体数目 2n =2 2 ,核型 2n =2 2 =4m +6sm +4st+8t,为首次报道。本文还分析了黄连花亚属 (subgen.Lysimachia) 2组 8种植物的核型 ,结果表明黄连花组(sect.Lysimachia)核型类型 1A ,过路黄组 (sect.Nummularia)核型类型 3A或 3B。     

国产毛茛属三种植物的核型研究

对国产三种毛茛属 (Ranunclus)植物进行了核型研究 ,其中昆明毛茛 (RanunculuskunmingensisW .T .Wang)染色体数目 2n=1 4及核型 2n =1 4 =6m +4sm +4st为首次报道 ;匍枝毛茛 (R .repenceL .)核型公式为 2n =4x =3 2 =8m +1 2sm +1 0st+2t,它是由两个不同的染色体组组成 ;刺果毛茛 (R .muricatusL .)核型公式为 2n=8x=64=1 0m +2 2sm +2 8st+4t,它也是由两个不同的染色体组组成     

紫苏属植物染色体数目和核型分析

通过对26份紫苏属材料进行染色体数目的观察,并对其1种(包括紫苏和白苏)及2变种材料各一份进行核型分析.结果显示,紫苏属植物染色体数均为2n=40,其核型公式分别为紫苏[P.frutescens(L.)Britton var.frutescens(zi-su)]2n=40=20m(2SAT) 10sm 10st;野生紫苏[P.frutescens var.purpurascens(Hayata)H.W.Li]2n=40=18m 14sm(2SAT) 8st;回回苏[P.frutescens var.crispa(Benth.)Deane ex Bailey]2n=40=10m(2SAT) 14sm 16st;白苏[P.frutescens(L.)Britton var.frutescens(bai-su)]2n=40-24m 12sm(2SAT) 4st.结果表明,紫苏属不同原(变)种植物的染色体数日相同,但在核型上存在一定的差异,其染色体核型为首次报道.     

国产十五种翠雀族植物的核型研究

本文报道了国产乌头属Aconitum L.12种和翠雀属Delphinium L．3种植物的染色体数目和核型。花葶乌头A．scaposum var．scaposum和聚叶花葶乌头A．scaposum var．vaginatum的核型公式为2n=2m+6sm+8st;两色乌头A．alboviolaceum为2n＝16＝2m+6sm(2sat)十8st;高乌头A．sinomontanum var．sinomontanum为2n＝16＝4m+4sm+8st,而狭盔高乌头A．sinomontanum var．angustius为2n＝32＝6m+6sm+20st(1sat);褐紫乌头A.brunneum为2n＝16＝2m(1sat)+14sm 松潘乌头A．sungpanense为2n＝16＝6m(2sat)+10sm(2sat);弯枝乌头A．arcuatum为2n=16=4m+12sm;乌头A．carmichaeli为2n=32＝10m+22sm;北乌头A．kusnezoffii为2n＝32＝10m十22sm;鸭绿乌头A.jaluense为2n＝32=10m+22st;伏毛铁棒锤A．flavum为2n＝16＝2m+14sm; 铁棒锤A．pendulum为2n=16=4m+12sm;缩梗乌头A．sessiliflorum为2n＝16＝2m+10sm+4st;展毛翠雀花D．kamaoense var．glabrescens 为2n=16＝2m+6sm+8st;蓝翠雀花D．caeruleum为2n=16=2m+6sm+8st;多枝翠雀花D．maximowiczii为2n=16=2m+6sm+8st。其中花葶乌头、狭盔高乌头、褐紫乌头、松潘乌头、鸭绿乌头、伏毛铁棒锤、缩梗乌头、展毛翠雀花、蓝翠雀花、多枝翠雀花的染色体数目和核型为首次报道。     

国产8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型研究

首次报道了8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型,其中6种的染色体数目为首次报道。结果如下：峨边蜘蛛抱蛋A．ebianensis,2n=2x=36=18m+2sm(2sat)十16st;盈江蜘蛛抱蛋A．yingjiangensis,2n=2x=36=14m+6sm(2sat)十16st;海南蜘蛛抱蛋A．hainanensis,2n=2x=36=20m(2sat)十14st十2t;石山蜘蛛抱蛋A．saxicola,2n=2x=36=16m十4sm(2sat)十16st;糙果蜘蛛抱蛋A．muricata,2n=2x=36=18m+2sm(2sat)十16st;啮边蜘蛛抱蛋A．marginella,2n=2x=38=22m+4sm(2sat)十12st;西林蜘蛛抱蛋A．xilin-ensis,2n=4x=76=48m(4sat)十2sm+26st;十字蜘蛛抱蛋A．cruciformis,2n=4x=76=46m(4sat)十12sm十18st。核型类型都为2C型。首次在中国发现了A．cruciformis和A．xilinensis的野生四倍体。根据外部形态性状及已有的38种植物的核型资料分析,认为该属染色体的原始基数可能为x=18,核型向对称性增强的方向演化,其主要表现在中部着丝粒染色体数目的增多,这种演化趋势似与其花部结构的进化密切相关。关键词 蜘蛛抱蛋属;染色体数目;核型;进化     

中国蜘蛛抱蛋属的细胞分类学研究Ⅱ

报道了 11种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的染色体数目和核型。结果如下 :伞柱蜘蛛抱蛋 ** ,2 n=36 =2 0 m+6 sm(2 sat) +10 st,属 2 C型 ;辐花蜘蛛抱蛋 ** ,2 n=38=2 2 m+6 sm(2 sat) +10 st,属 2 C型 ;棒蕊蜘蛛抱蛋 **,2 n =36 =18m +8sm (2 sat) +10 st,属 2 C型 ;柳江蜘蛛抱蛋 **,2 n=38=2 0 m +6 sm(2 sat) +12 st,属 2 C型 ;小花蜘蛛抱蛋 ,2 n=38=16 m +4sm +8st (2 sat) +10 t,属 3C型 ;线叶蜘蛛抱蛋 ** ,2 n=36 =2 0 m(2 sat) +16 st,属 2 C型 ;罗甸蜘蛛抱蛋 ,2 n=38=16 m+6 sm(2 sat) +16 st,属 2 C型 ;四川蜘蛛抱蛋 ,2 n=38=2 4 m +4sm+10 st (2 sat) ,属 2 C型 ;广东蜘蛛抱蛋 ,2 n=36 =18m +2 sm(2 sat) +16 st,属 2 C型 ;洞生蜘蛛抱蛋 **,2 n=36 =18m +2 sm(2 sat) +14st+2 t,属 2 C型 ;大花蜘蛛抱蛋 ,2 n=36 =16 m+6 sm(2 sat) +14st,属 3C型。其中棒蕊蜘蛛抱蛋、柳江蜘蛛抱蛋、线叶蜘蛛抱蛋和洞生蜘蛛抱蛋的染色体数目和核型以及广东蜘蛛抱蛋的核型均为首次报道。     

菊科菊苣族3属5种植物的核型报道

采用常规压片法研究了菊科(Compositae)假福王草属(Paraprenanthes Chang ex Shih)、翅果菊属(PterocypselaShih)和紫菊属(Notoseris Shih)3属5种植物的染色体数目及核型,其中林生假福王草(Paraprenanthes diversifolia)的核型为首次报道。结果表明,该5种植物的染色体数目均为2n=18,核型结果分别为林生假福王草2n=8m+10sm(2SAT);翅果菊(Pterocypsela indica)2n=4m+10sm+4st;光苞紫菊(Notoseris macilenta)2n=10m+8sm(2SC);三花紫菊(Notoseris triflora)2n=10m(2SAT)+8sm;南川紫菊(Notoseris porphyrolepis)2n=12m(2SC)+6sm;林生假福王草和紫菊属4个种的核型为"2A"型,翅果菊的核型为"3A"型。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。