包皮环切术后阴茎头坏死诊治一例报告并文献复习

目的:探讨包皮环切术后阴茎头坏死的临床特性和诊治方法及预后。方法:报告1例包皮环切术后阴茎头坏死患者临床资料,结合文献复习讨论。结果:采用阴茎延长术,切断阴茎浅、深悬韧带并分离部分海绵体脚以延伸阴茎海绵体;同时利用阴茎残端再造阴茎头。术前残留阴茎常态下长度3.5cm,勃起时长度6cm;术后常态下长度6.0cm,勃起时长度10cm;术后均具有感觉和勃起功能。结论:利用阴茎延长术再造的阴茎不但在长度和形态上已接近正常,更重要的是具备良好的感觉与勃起功能,是修复包皮环切术后阴茎头坏死较为理想的方法。     

长爪沙鼠阴茎头的组织学研究及五种鼠阴茎头的扫描电镜观察

本文对８例长爪沙鼠（Ｍｅｒｉｏｎｅｓｕｎｇｕｉｃｕｌａｔｕｓ）幼年、亚成年、成年和老年雄性个体的阴茎头组织进行连续切片。结果表明,阴茎头的外环层和阴茎骨近支由阴茎海绵体衍生而来;内环层、尿道小瓣、阴茎骨远支和侧支由尿道海绵体衍生而成。采用扫描电镜观察了长爪沙鼠、子午沙鼠（Ｍ．ｍｅｒｉｄｉａｎｕｓ）、大沙鼠（Ｒｈｏｍｂｏｍｙｓｏｐｉｍｕｓ）和甘肃绒鼠（Ｅｏｔｈｅｎｏｍｙｓｅｖａ）、黑腹绒鼠（Ｅ．ｍｅｌａｎｏｇａｓｔｅｒ）共５种１６例的阴茎头表皮棘,发现其形态、数量和分布有属、种间差异性和相对稳定性,沙鼠属（Ｍｅｒｉｏｎｅｓ）３种的表皮棘均呈牛角状的圆锥体,斜向排列成行;而绒鼠属（Ｅｏｔｈｅｎｏｍｙｓ）内甘肃绒鼠为球状表皮棘,黑腹绒鼠为牛角状,排列均不规则。因此,阴茎头表皮棘与阴茎骨、阴茎头软体结构均有分类学意义。     

鼩鼱科内6 个种的阴茎形态学

阴茎形态学特征是研究哺乳动物亲缘关系的有力工具,尤其是在近缘种之间。本试验选取鼩鼱科内的黑齿鼩鼱(Blarinella quadraticauda)、小纹背鼩鼱(Sorex bedfordiae)、大纹背鼩鼱(S. cylindricauda)、云南鼩鼱(S. excelsus)、四川短尾鼩(Anourosorex squamipes)和灰麝鼩(Crocidura attenuata)6 个种共31 号阴茎标本观察其阴茎形态学特征。研究结果表明:这6 个种的阴茎均缺乏阴茎骨;在6 个种的阴茎横切面上,尿道靠近阴茎腹侧面为阴茎海绵体包裹,没有单独的尿道海绵体存在,输精管由阴茎海绵体包裹,在阴茎末端形成两条输精管侧支;黑齿鼩鼱的阴茎具有独特的舌状结构,可作为鉴定黑齿鼩鼱的一个重要特征,鼩鼱属内的小纹背鼩鼱、大纹背鼩鼱和云南鼩鼱的阴茎头界限很难观察到,而黑齿鼩鼱、四川短尾鼩和灰麝鼩的阴茎头则具有明显的界限。     

缺血性阴茎异常勃起的诊断及阶梯治疗

阴茎异常勃起是泌尿男科一种罕见的疾病,需要急诊干预治疗。临床常分为缺血性,非缺血性二种类型,其中缺血性阴茎异常勃起占绝大多数。缺血性阴茎异常勃起会导致海绵体组织纤维化和勃起功能障碍,随着缺血时间的延长,海绵体会永久损伤。不同的阴茎持续勃起时间,不同的治疗方式影响患者的预后,会造成不同程度的勃起功能障碍。遂此病需尽早明确所属类型。通过询问患者病史,细致查体,结合实验室检查中阴茎海绵体血气分析及彩色多普勒检查,明确患者状态。并采取冷敷、镇静,海绵体抽吸灌注或海绵体注射拟交感类药物,外科分流手术等阶梯治疗的方式,最大限度保护患者勃起功能。本文对缺血性阴茎异常勃起的诊断及阶梯治疗进行综述。     

三种龟鳖目动物性激素季节性变化的比较研究

本文研究了三种龟鳖目动物血浆性激素不同时期的变化,得到如下结果:1.雄性动物血浆性激素以黄喉水龟含量最高,均数为304.46±292.15ng/dl血浆;中华鳖含量最低,均数为122.31±64.44ng/dl血浆。2.雌性动物血浆性激素以中华鳖含量最高,均数为75.93±67.35pg/ml血浆;乌龟含量最低,均数为50.16±35.75pg/ml血浆。3.雄性动物在交配期血浆中睾酮含量较非交配期高,说明精子的形成与睾酮有关。4.雌性动物血浆中雌二醇含量随着卵巢发育的周期性而变化。     

四川及重庆产五种姬鼠的阴茎形态学Ⅰ. 软体结构的分类学意义探讨

对四川及生态产５种习雄性个体的阴茎形态进行了比较研究,结果发现５种姬鼠雄性个体阴茎头的软体结构在不同种间,不同亚种间,其至同一种和同一亚种由于产地不同都有其牧民性及稳定性,在某些地域还存在不同型的同域分显示：１）黑线姬鼠长江亚种和华北亚种应合为长江亚种。高山姬鼠作为独立种的地位值得不怀疑;２）四川产姬鼠齿动物可能存在亲上;３）新亚种和新种形成的可能途径之一是由于交配器变化而导致生殖隔离。     

埃塞俄比亚塔纳湖鲤科鱼类体内亚美尼亚许氏绦虫Khawia armeniaca (Cholodkovsky, 1915) Shulman, 1958 (绦虫纲: 鲤蠢目) 的形态鉴定

在埃塞俄比亚境内塔纳湖中发现了1种寄生于鲤科鱼类: 间魮(Labeobarbus intermedius)和Labeobarbus tsanensis体内的许氏绦虫, 经形态学鉴定其为亚美尼亚许氏绦虫Khawia armeniaca (Cholodkovsky, 1915)(绦虫纲: 鲤蠢目)。该绦虫鉴别特征为头节呈半球状, 边缘光滑, 无皱褶; 睾丸分布区域从虫体中部至阴茎囊之前; 卵巢前卵黄腺分布于虫体中后部至阴茎囊前部区域, 少数排列在阴茎囊之后; 子宫起始于阴茎囊后方弯曲环绕直至卵巢后部区域, 有少许卵黄腺排列在子宫和卵巢的两侧。此外, K. armeniaca卵巢呈滤泡状或蝴蝶状, 雌雄生殖孔分离但彼此距离很近, 开口于体表并形成同一生殖腔, 且雄性生殖孔位于雌性生殖孔前方。卵巢后卵黄腺数目少于100个, 分布于虫体末端, 卵黄腺距离卵巢后翼较远, 部分样品内卵黄腺接近卵巢后翼。     

鼋骨骼系统及与中华鳖比较

采用虫蚀法制备了鼋Pelochelys cantorii和中华鳖Pelodiscus sinensis的骨骼标本, 对骨骼系统进行了观察、描述、绘图及比较分析。结果显示, 鼋的骨骼共169枚, 由背甲和腹甲组成的外骨骼、中轴骨和附肢骨组成的内骨骼组成。通过比较鼋和中华鳖的骨骼结构, 发现二者在头骨的吻突长度及第三颈椎结构方面有较大差别。鼋眼眶前部至吻突最前端的长度与头骨总长度比为0.082, 而中华鳖为0.570, 显示中华鳖吻突显著长于鼋。鼋与中华鳖的颈椎骨数目均为9枚, 但中华鳖的第三至第九颈椎的横突要更明显, 第七颈椎的椎体向上显著翘起, 且第九颈椎腹面椎体前端为尖状。从整条颈椎上看, 鼋脊椎长度与其背甲长度之比为0.66, 中华鳖为1.07, 表明中华鳖的颈椎更长; 研究结果丰富了鳖科动物的骨骼学基础数据, 也为鼋物种鉴定、龟鳖动物系统演化及生态适应性提供骨骼学理论依据。     

交配后扶桑绵粉蚧雌成虫卵巢结构及 其他相关结构的变化

利用显微光镜和超微电镜技术观察明确了扶桑绵粉蚧雌成虫卵巢及相关结构的变化,结果表明该虫的内生殖系统含1对卵巢、输卵管、储精囊和1对附腺.每个卵巢有数以百计的端滋式卵巢小管.卵巢小管缺末端纤丝,包含滋养部分和卵黄部分.储精囊表面被丰富的肌原纤维包裹,未经交配的雌虫体内储精囊在显微镜下呈透明状圆形,电镜观察囊内只含液态物质;交配后,储精囊不再维持规则的球状,囊内出现精细胞等物质;精细胞呈典型的“9+2”结构.在初孵化的雌性成虫体内,卵巢小管内的滋养细胞部分中间为营养核,以此联接滋养细胞和卵细胞.卵黄部分包含1个卵细胞.雌性成虫只有通过交配,卵巢内的胚胎才可得以顺利发育;若未经交配,卵巢内的卵细胞将出现发达的内质网结构,标志着细胞将降解而被母体重吸收.     

两种小达氏涡虫的阴茎发育与分类性状关系

小达氏涡虫属个体的骨质阴茎足物种鉴定的重要依据.本实验观察了中国小达氏涡虫(Microdalyellia sinensis)与湖南小达氏涡虫(M.hunanensis)阴茎的形态形成及发育.结果表明:(1)阴茎末端各分支的形态形成是一次性成型,终身不变;(2)两种涡虫在发育的第12 d都完成阴茎的骨质化;(3)阴茎的基柄形态随个体发育而增长.研究证实,小达氏涡虫属阴茎末端分支结构是稳定的分类性状,可以作为重要的分类依据.     

Distribution of N,P, K,Ca, Mg,S, Zn,Fe, Mn and Cu in groundnut

Summary Concentration of N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S in summer groundnut crop was higher than in kharif while Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu contents were higher in summer crop. Kernel's N, P and Zn; Leaflet's Ca and Mn; Stem's K and Fe; Root's S and Cu and Petiole's Mg contents were highest. Shell's N, P, K, Mg, S, Zn and Cu; Kernel's Ca, Fe and Mn contents were the least. N, P, K, S, Zn and Cu concentrations decreased linearly as the crop grew. Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn concentrations did not display any distinct pattern. Ca concentration was positively correlated with pod yield in both the seasons.     

Simultaneous measurement of the trace elements Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum and their reference ranges by ICP-MS

The goal of this article was to establish reference ranges of the concentration of trace elements in human serum and to compare these results with those reported by other authors. We describe the sample preparation and measurement conditions that allow the rapid, precise, and accurate determination of Al, As, B, Be, Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Li, Mn, Mo, Ni, Rb, Se, Sr, and Zn in human serum samples (n=110) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Accuracy and precision were determined by analyzing three reconstituted reference serum samples by comparison with other methods and by the standard addition procedure. The advantages of the ICP-MS method include short time of analysis of the elements mentioned, low detection limit, high precision, and high accuracy. Disadventages include a high risk of contamination due to the presence of some of the elements of interest in the environment, the relatively delicate sample handling, and the high cost of the equipment.     

Reference values for the concentrations of As,Cd, Co,Cr, Cu,Fe, I,Hg, Mn,Mo, Ni,Pb, Se,and Zn in selected human tissues and body fluids

This report attempts to formulate reference ranges of elemental concentrations for 15 trace elements in selected human tissues and body fluids. A set of samples consisting of whole blood, blood serum, urine, milk, liver, and hair were chosen and considered for 15 elements of biological significance: As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, F, Fe, I, Hg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Se, and Zn. The results represent wholly or partially data received from 40 countries of the global regions of Africa, Asia, Europe, North, South, and Central America, Australia, and New Zealand. This survey, even if qualitative, has been useful in demonstrating certain trends of trace-element scenarios around the world. It is of course recognized that both diet and environment exert a strong influence on the distribution pattern of several elements, such as As, Cd, Mn, Pb, Se, and Zn. A limited comparison of the available information on soil status of different countries reflected some interesting associations for elements, such as Mn and Zn. Importantly, this study revealed that only a few countries were in a position to identify a reasonable amount of data on samples requested for this project. Regretably, for a number of countries, any dependable data for even such essential elements as Cu, Fe, and Zn were not available. In view of the nutritional importance of many elements, the time is ripe for concerted efforts by intergovernmental agencies to initiate investigations or commission task forces/projects to generate reliable reference data for selected global regions, which sadly lack data of any kind at present.     

Crystal structure, detonation performance, and thermal stability of a new polynitro cage compound: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptacyclo [5.5.1.13, 11. 15, 9] pentadecane

A new polynitro cage compound 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonanitro-2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 13, 14, 15-nonaazaheptcyclo [5.5.1.1(3,11).1(5,9)] pentadecane (NNNAHP) was designed in the present work. Its molecular structure was optimized at the B3LYP/6-31 G(d,p) level of density functional theory (DFT) and crystal structure was predicted using the Compass and Dreiding force fields and refined by DFT GGA-RPBE method. The obtained crystal structure of NNNAHP belongs to the P-1 space group and the lattice parameters are a = 9.99 ?, b = 10.78 ?, c = 9.99 ?, α = 90.01°, β = 120.01°, γ = 90.00°, and Z = 2, respectively. Based on the optimized crystal structure, the band gap, density of state, thermodynamic properties, infrared spectrum, strain energy, detonation characteristics, and thermal stability were predicted. Calculation results show that NNNAHP has detonation properties close to those of CL-20 and is a high energy density compound with moderate stability.     

Monovalent Cation Permeation through the Connexin40 Gap Junction Channel : Cs,Rb, K,Na, Li,TEA, TMA,TBA, and Effects of Anions Br,Cl, F,Acetate, Aspartate,Glutamate, and NO3

The unitary conductances and permeability sequences of the rat connexin40 (rCx40) gap junction channels to seven monovalent cations and anions were studied in rCx40-transfected neuroblastoma 2A (N2A) cell pairs using the dual whole cell recording technique. Chloride salt cation substitutions (115 mM principal salt) resulted in the following junctional maximal single channel current-voltage relationship slope conductances (γ_j in pS): CsCl (153), RbCl (148), KCl (142), NaCl (115), LiCl (86), TMACl (71), TEACl (63). Reversible block of the rCx40 channel was observed with TBA. Potassium anion salt γ_j are: Kglutamate (160), Kacetate (160), Kaspartate (158), KNO₃ (157), KF (148), KCl (142), and KBr (132). Ion selectivity was verified by measuring reversal potentials for current in rCx40 gap junction channels with asymmetric salt solutions in the two electrodes and using the Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz equation to calculate relative permeabilities. The permeabilities relative to Li⁺ are: Cs⁺ (1.38), Rb⁺ (1.32), K⁺ (1.31), Na⁺ (1.16), TMA⁺ (0.53), TEA⁺ (0.45), TBA⁺ (0.03), Cl⁻ (0.19), glutamate⁻ (0.04), and NO₃− (0.14), assuming that the monovalent anions permeate the channel by forming ion pairs with permeant monovalent cations within the pore thereby causing proportionate decreases in the channel conductance. This hypothesis can account for why the predicted increasing conductances with increasing ion mobilities in an essentially aqueous channel were not observed for anions in the rCx40 channel. The rCx40 effective channel radius is estimated to be 6.6 Å from a theoretical fit of the relationship of relative permeability and cation radius.     

Competitive inhibition and selectivity enhancement by Ca in the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, Hf) by carrot (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun)

We investigated the uptake of inorganic elements (Be, Na, Mg, K, Ca, Sc, Mn, Co, Zn, Se, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Ce, Pm, Gd, and Hf) and the effect of Ca on their uptake in carrots (Daucus carota cv. U.S. harumakigosun) by the radioactive multitracer technique. The experimental results suggested that Na, Mg, K, and Rb competed for the functional groups outside the cells in roots with Ca but not for the transporter-binding sites on the plasma membrrane of the root cortex cells. In contrast, Y, Ce, Pm, and Gd competed with Ca for the transporters on the plasma membrane. The selectivity, which was defined as the value obtained by dividing the concentration ratio of an elemental pair, K/Na, Rb/Na, Be/Sr, and Mg/Sr, in the presence of 0.2 and 2 ppm Ca by that of the corresponding elemental pair in the absence of Ca in the solution was estimated. The selectivity of K and Rb in roots was increased in the presence of Ca. The selectivity of Be in roots was not affected, whereas the selectivity of Mg was increased by Ca. These observations suggest that the presence of Ca in the uptake solution enhances the selectivity in the uptake of metabolically important elements against unwanted elements.     

Potential Compounds for Oral Cancer Treatment: Resveratrol,Nimbolide, Lovastatin,Bortezomib, Vorinostat,Berberine, Pterostilbene,Deguelin, Andrographolide,and Colchicine

Oral cancer is one of the main causes of cancer-related deaths in South-Asian countries. There are very limited treatment options available for oral cancer. Research endeavors focused on discovery and development of novel therapies for oral cancer, is necessary to control the ever rising oral cancer related mortalities. We mined the large pool of compounds from the publicly available compound databases, to identify potential therapeutic compounds for oral cancer. Over 84 million compounds were screened for the possible anti-cancer activity by custom build SVM classifier. The molecular targets of the predicted anti-cancer compounds were mined from reliable sources like experimental bioassays studies associated with the compound, and from protein-compound interaction databases. Therapeutic compounds from DrugBank, and a list of natural anti-cancer compounds derived from literature mining of published studies, were used for building partial least squares regression model. The regression model thus built, was used for the estimation of oral cancer specific weights based on the molecular targets. These weights were used to compute scores for screening the predicted anti-cancer compounds for their potential to treat oral cancer. The list of potential compounds was annotated with corresponding physicochemical properties, cancer specific bioactivity evidences, and literature evidences. In all, 288 compounds with the potential to treat oral cancer were identified in the current study. The majority of the compounds in this list are natural products, which are well-tolerated and have minimal side-effects compared to the synthetic counterparts. Some of the potential therapeutic compounds identified in the current study are resveratrol, nimbolide, lovastatin, bortezomib, vorinostat, berberine, pterostilbene, deguelin, andrographolide, and colchicine.     

New Coleoptera records from New Brunswick, Canada: Stenotrachelidae, Oedemeridae, Meloidae, Myceteridae, Boridae, Pythidae, Pyrochroidae, Anthicidae, and Aderidae

We report 19 new species records for the faunal list of Coleoptera in New Brunswick, Canada, six of which are new records for the Maritime provinces, and one of which is new Canadian record. We also provide the first recent records for five additional species in New Brunswick. One new species of Stenotrachelidae, Cephaloon ungulare LeConte, is added to the New Brunswick faunal list. Additional records are provided for Cephaloon lepturides Newman, as well the first recent record of Nematoplus collaris LeConte. Two species of Oedemeridae, Asclera puncticollis (Say) and Asclera ruficollis (Say), are newly reported for New Brunswick, and additional locality and bionomic data are provided for Calopus angustus LeConte and Ditylus caeruleus (Randall). The records of Ditylus caerulus are the first recent records for the province. Three species of Meloidae, Epicauta pestifera Werner, Lytta sayi LeConte, and Meloe augustcollis Say are reported the first time for New Brunswick; Epicauta pestifera is newly recorded in Canada. Lacconotus punctatus LeConte and the family Mycteridaeis newly recorded for New Brunswick. The first recent records of Borus unicolor Say (Boridae) are reported from the province. One new species of Pythidae, Pytho siedlitzi Blair, and the first recent records of Pytho niger Kirby are added to the faunal list of New Brunswick. Three species of Pyrochroidae are newly reported for the province, including Pedilus canaliculatus (LeConte) and Pedilus elegans (Hentz), which are new for the Maritime provinces. Five species of Anthicidae and the first recent record of Anthicus cervinus LaFerté-Sénectére are newly reported for New Brunswick. Anthicus melancholicus LaFerté-Sénectère, Sapintus pubescens (LaFerté-Sénectère), Notoxus bifasciatus (LeConte), and Stereopalpus rufipes Casey are new to the Maritime provinces faunal list. Ambyderus granularis (LeConte) is removed from the faunal list of the province. Three species of Aderidae, Vanonus huronicus Casey, Zonantes fasciatus (Melsheimer), and Zonantes pallidusWerner, are newly recorded for New Brunswick; Zonantes fasciatus and Vanonus huronicus are new for the Maritime provinces' faunal list. Collection data, bionomic data, and distribution maps are presented for all these species.