绞股蓝总黄酮对大鼠异丙肾上腺素诱导心肌缺血的对抗作用及其机制研究

目的:探讨绞股蓝总黄酮(total flaveos of Gymostemma pentaphyllum(Thunb)mak,TFG)对大鼠异丙肾上腺素诱导心肌缺血作用及其机理.方法:观测TFG对心肌组织p38MAPK表达及血清中SOD、MDA、LDH、NO、TNF-α等指标的影响.结果:TFG明显升高血清中SOD活性、NO含量; MDA含量下降; LDH活性降低,p38MAPK表达和血清TNF-α水平均明显下降.结论:TFG抗心肌缺血作用可能与下调心肌细胞p38MAPK的表达从而抑制TNF-α的产生、减轻心肌自由基损伤程度等有关.     

氧化苦参碱预处理对急性心肌梗死大鼠的保护作用与机制

目的:探讨氧化苦参碱(OMT)对冠脉结扎诱导的急性心肌梗死大鼠的保护作用与机制。方法:将SD大鼠随机分为4组:假手术组、假手术+OMT组、心梗模型组,OMT预处理组(ig给予OMT 100 mg/kg)。给药12小时后,结扎冠状动脉左前降支(LAD)复制大鼠急性心肌梗死模型。8小时后,取大鼠心肌组织,通过TUNEL染色观察大鼠心肌细胞损伤及凋亡情况;收集大鼠血清,检测LDH与CK水平,过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物岐化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)的活力,丙二醛(MDA)含量,ELISA法分析血清中IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α的水平。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组大鼠的凋亡心肌细胞数明显增加(P0.05),血清CK、LDH水平显著升高(P0.05);同时,血清CAT、SOD与GSH的活性明显降低(P0.001),MDA的含量、IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平显著增加(P0.001)。OMT预处理明显减轻了心肌梗死大鼠心肌细胞的损伤和凋亡,降低了其血清MDA含量,IL-1β、IL-6和TNF-α水平,增加了其CAT、SOD与GSH的活性。结论:氧化苦参碱预处理能够显著减轻心肌梗死大鼠的心肌损伤,这可能与其抗炎、抗凋亡与抗氧化损伤作用有关。     

南瓜多糖对糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂及氧化应激能力的影响

目的:观察南瓜多糖对实验性糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂及氧化应激能力的影响。方法:用两次注射四氧嘧啶(alloxan)诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,将SD大鼠40只随机分为4组(n=10):即正常对照组、糖尿病组、消渴丸组和南瓜多糖组,消渴丸组用消渴丸(200 mg/kg)灌胃,南瓜多糖组行南瓜多糖(500 mg/kg)灌胃共8周,测定糖尿病大鼠血糖(BG)、血脂,测定血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:糖尿病组大鼠BG、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)含量均升高(P0.01),高密度脂蛋白(HDL)含量降低(P0.05),SOD和CAT的活性明显降低,而MDA的含量明显增加(P0.01);消渴丸组和南瓜多糖组大鼠BG、TC、TG和LDL-C降低,HDL-C升高(P0.05),SOD和CAT的活性明显的提高,MDA的含量明显减少(P0.01)。结论:南瓜多糖具有降低糖尿病大鼠血糖、血脂和增强氧化应激能力的作用。     

丁咯地尔和α- 硫辛酸对糖尿病大鼠肾功能的保护作用研究

目的:研究丁咯地尔和α-硫辛酸(ALA)对糖尿病(DM)大鼠肾功能的保护作用。方法:雄性SD大鼠用链脲佐菌素(60 mg/kg)腹腔注射诱导DM。大鼠随机分为健康组(NC)、DM组(DMC)、DM+ALA组(ALA组)、DM+丁咯地尔组(丁咯地尔组)。ALA组和丁咯地尔组每天给予ALA 100 mg/kg灌胃和丁咯地尔(0.1 g/kg)腹腔注射,NC组和DMC组大鼠给予等量生理盐水每日灌胃。干预4周后,测观察治疗后大鼠血糖、尿素氮、血肌苷,内生肌苷清除率、24小时尿蛋白排泄率,比色法检测血清抗氧化酶和丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果:①丁咯地尔和α-硫辛酸降低糖尿病大鼠的尿素氮、血肌苷、24h尿白蛋白排泄率、丙二醛,增加超氧化物歧化酶②两种药物联合用药具有协同作用。结论:丁咯地尔和ALA可能通过抑制机体氧化应激水平,减低早期DM大鼠肾脏损害。     

动态监测血清炎症因子和氧化应激产物在急性脑出血患者病情及预后评估中的应用

目的:动态监测急性脑出血患者血清炎症因子和氧化应激产物水平,探讨其与患者病情及预后的关系。方法:采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA法)测定150例急性脑出血患者(病例组)和120例健康志愿者(对照组)发病24 h内、3 d、7 d及14 d时血清炎症因子白细胞介素-6(IL-6)和肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α),采用黄嘌呤氧化酶法(XTO)和硫代巴比妥酸法(TBA)测定两组的血清氧化应激产物超氧歧化酶(SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)水平,并分析血液炎症因子与氧化应激产物与患者病情及预后的关系。结果:病例组血清IL-6、TNF-α、SOD及MDA水平高于对照组,并在发病后7d各指标水平达到最高,发病后14d各指标水平低于发作≤24 h,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。大量出血组血清IL-6、TNF-α、SOD及MDA水平最高,中量出血组其次,小量出血组各指标水平最低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。重型组血清IL-6、TNF-α、SOD及MDA水平均最高,中型组其次,轻型组各指标水平最低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:动态监测急性脑出血患者血清炎症因子及氧化应激产物水平有助于准确判断患者的病情及评估预后,临床有重要参考价值。     

树莓果粉对I型糖尿病大鼠血糖、免疫反应及氧化应激的影响北大核心CSCD

本研究采用链脲霉素(STZ)诱导的大鼠模型来研究树莓果粉在Ⅰ型糖尿病中降血糖、免疫调节及抗氧化的活性。结果发现树莓果粉能增加糖尿病大鼠的体重,降低其血糖,并对糖尿病大鼠受损的胰岛有一定的修复作用。同时,树莓果粉能明显降低糖尿病大鼠血清中CD4、CD8分子、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)以及免疫球蛋白Ig G、Ig A和Ig E的含量。此外,树莓果粉能显著增强糖尿病大鼠胰腺和血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,增加还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,并明显降低丙二醛(MDA)的含量。说明树莓果粉能通过减缓自身免疫反应程度和缓解氧化应激来改善胰岛β细胞的损伤,从而达到治疗Ⅰ型糖尿病的作用。     

树莓果粉对I型糖尿病大鼠血糖、免疫反应及氧化应激的影响

本研究采用链脲霉素(STZ)诱导的大鼠模型来研究树莓果粉在Ⅰ型糖尿病中降血糖、免疫调节及抗氧化的活性。结果发现树莓果粉能增加糖尿病大鼠的体重,降低其血糖,并对糖尿病大鼠受损的胰岛有一定的修复作用。同时,树莓果粉能明显降低糖尿病大鼠血清中CD4、CD8分子、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白介素-2(IL-2)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)以及免疫球蛋白Ig G、Ig A和Ig E的含量。此外,树莓果粉能显著增强糖尿病大鼠胰腺和血清中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,增加还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量,并明显降低丙二醛(MDA)的含量。说明树莓果粉能通过减缓自身免疫反应程度和缓解氧化应激来改善胰岛β细胞的损伤,从而达到治疗Ⅰ型糖尿病的作用。     

补骨脂酚通过抑制凋亡、氧化应激和炎症反应缓解小鼠脓毒症脑病

目的:探究补骨脂酚能否抵抗小鼠脓毒症脑病。方法:通过小鼠盲肠结扎穿孔法建立脓毒症脑损伤模型。盲肠结扎穿孔后通过腹腔注射补骨脂酚(10 mg/kg)。小鼠随机分为以下4组:假手术(Sham)组;单纯补骨脂酚处理(BAK)组;盲肠结扎穿孔(CLP)组;盲肠结扎穿孔+补骨脂酚处理(CLP+BAK)组。盲肠结扎穿孔48小时后检测脑组织水含量、血脑屏障通透性、凋亡率、IL-1β与TNF-α表达量、MDA含量、SOD与CAT活性。结果:与Sham组相比,CLP组小鼠脑组织水含量(增加21.20%)、脑组织Evans蓝含量(增加237.05%)、凋亡率、MDA含量、IL-1β与TNF-α表达量均明显增高,而SOD与CAT活性明显降低(P0.05)。与CLP组相比,补骨脂酚处理可明显降低脑组织水含量(下降10.94%)、Evans蓝含量(下降39.40%)、凋亡率、MDA含量、IL-1β与TNF-α表达量,而增加SOD与CAT活性(P 0.05)。结论:补骨脂酚通过抑制凋亡、氧化应激和炎症反应,最终减轻脓毒症脑损伤。     

有氧运动和谷氨酰胺对二型糖尿病大鼠氧化应激及相关因子表达的影响

目的:探讨有氧运动和谷氨酰胺(Gln)对二型糖尿病(T2MD)大鼠抗氧化应激及炎性因子的影响。方法:用链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,将成年雄性SD大鼠50只,6周龄,随机分为5组(n=10):包括安静对照组(N)、糖尿病对照组(D)、糖尿病施加有氧运动组(DE)、糖尿病施加谷氨酰胺组(DG)、糖尿病施加有氧运动+谷氨酰胺组(DEG)。6周后,检测干预后糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢、抗氧化应激及炎性因子等相关指标,并探讨影响炎症反应的可能机制。结果:与N组相比,D组大鼠血清MDA、血糖、TC、TG、胰岛素、瘦素、TNF-α水平均明显升高(P<0.01),血清中SOD、GSH-Px、脂联素、HDL-C的水平均明显降低(P<0.01);与D组相比,三个干预组血清中MDA、血糖、TC、TG、胰岛素、瘦素、TNF-α水平降低,血清中HDL-C、SOD、GSH-Px、脂联素的水平均明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01),且两者联合对上述指标的改善作用更为明显(P<0.01)。结论:有氧运动和Gln均能缓解糖尿病大鼠糖脂代谢及紊乱、氧化应激损伤及炎症反应,两者联合对其作用优于单一作用。     

苏木对糖尿病大血管病变中SOD、TNF-α、MCP-1的影响

目的:探讨苏木对糖尿病大血管病变大鼠血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)、单核细胞趋化因子1(MCP-1)水平的影响。方法:将24只雄性SD大鼠随机分为4组,每组6只,分别为对照组、模型组、α-硫辛酸组和苏木组。除去对照组,余下的18只大鼠单次腹腔注射STZ50 mg/kg制备糖尿病大鼠模型,对照组予以注射等体积的柠檬酸-柠檬酸钠缓冲液。成功造模后,苏木组给予0.15 g/kg/d的苏木,α-硫辛酸组给予20 mg/kg/d的α-硫辛酸,每日1次给药,连续给药8周。8周末,检测和比较两组大鼠血清中SOD、TNF-α、MCP-1水平的变化。结果:治疗后,苏木组及α-硫辛酸组血清SOD含量均高于模型组(P0.05),但苏木组和α-硫辛酸组组间比较无统计学差异(P0.05);苏木组及α-硫辛酸组血清TNF-α、MCP-1含量均显著低于模型组(P0.05),与对照组没有明显差别(P0.05)。结论:苏木可提高糖尿病大血管病大鼠血清SOD含量,降低血清TNF-α、MCP-1含量。     

Protective effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in diabetic rat liver

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) on lipid peroxidation (LPO) and the activities of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in the liver of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Twenty-seven rats were randomly divided into three groups: group I, control non-diabetic rats (n = 9); group II, STZ-induced, untreated diabetic rats (n = 8); group III, STZ-induced, CAPE-treated diabetic rats (n = 10), which were intraperitoneally injected with CAPE (10 microM kg(-1) day(-1)) after 3 days followed by STZ treatment. The liver was excised after 8 weeks of CAPE treatment, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in the hepatic tissues of all groups were analyzed. In the untreated diabetic rats, MDA markedly increased in the hepatic tissue compared with the control rats (p < 0.0001). However, MDA levels were reduced to the control level by CAPE. The activities of SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px in the untreated diabetic group were higher than that in the control group (p < 0.0001). The activities of SOD and GSH-Px in the CAPE-treated diabetic group were higher than that in the control group (respectively, p < 0.0001, p < 0.035). There were no significant differences in the activity of CAT between the rats of CAPE-treated diabetic and control groups. Rats in the CAPE-treated diabetic group had reduced activities of SOD and CAT in comparison with the rats of untreated diabetic group (p < 0.0001). There were no significant differences in the activity of GSH-Px between the rats of untreated diabetic and CAPE-treated groups. It is likely that STZ-induced diabetes caused liver damage. In addition, LPO may be one of the molecular mechanisms involved in STZ-induced diabetic damage. CAPE can reduce LPO caused by STZ-induced diabetes.     

Omega-3 fatty acids enhance mitochondrial superoxide dismutase activity in rat organs during post-natal development

The protection of the developing organism from oxidative damage is ensured by antioxidant defense systems to cope with reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn can be influenced by dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs). PUFAs in membrane phospholipids are substrates for ROS-induced peroxidation reactions. We investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with omega-3 PUFAs on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities in rat cerebrum, liver and uterus. Pups born from dams fed a diet low in omega-3 PUFAs were fed at weaning a diet supplying low α-linolenic acid (ALA), adequate ALA or enriched with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Malondialdehyde (MDA), a biomarker of lipid peroxidation, and the activities of superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), SOD2, catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) were determined in the three target organs. Compared to low ALA feeding, supplementation with adequate ALA or with EPA + DHA did not affect the cerebrum MDA content but increased MDA content in liver. Uterine MDA was increased by the EPA + DHA diet. Supplementation with adequate ALA or EPA + DHA increased SOD2 activity in the liver and uterus, while only the DHA diet increased SOD2 activity in the cerebrum. SOD1, CAT and GPX activities were not altered by ALA or EPA + DHA supplementation. Our data suggest that increased SOD2 activity in organs of the growing female rats is a critical determinant in the tolerance to oxidative stress induced by feeding a diet supplemented with omega-3 PUFAs. This is may be a specific cellular antioxidant response to ROS production within the mitochondria.     

急性低压缺氧对大鼠肾组织中生化指标变化的研究

目的：观察急性低压缺氧对大鼠肾组织中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）、还原型谷胱甘肽（ GSH）、过氧化氢酶（ CAT）及内皮素（ ET-1）和肿瘤坏死因子（ TNF-α）的影响。方法将24只雄性Wistar大鼠,体重180～220 g,随机分成地面对照组和急性低压缺氧组,急性低压缺氧组又分成缺氧1组和缺氧2组,每组8只。急性低压缺氧后10 min和24 h处死动物,迅速取出肾脏进行生化指标的检测,并采用免疫组织化学方法观察肾组织内皮素（ ET-1）和肿瘤坏死因子（ TNF-α）的表达情况。结果急性低压缺氧后,大鼠肾组织中SOD活性明显下降（P ＜0.01）,缺氧1组CAT活性极显著降低（P ＜0.01）,缺氧2组GSH活性显著降低（P ＜0.05）,但MDA含量无明显变化（ P ＞0.05）。免疫组织化学染色显示,ET-1和TNF-α表达均明显增强,24 h 后表达减弱。结论SOD、CAT和GSH活性明显下降及ET-1及TNF-α表达明显增强,可能参与了缺氧性肾损伤的病理过程。     

Pre-Clinical Study for the Antidiabetic Potential of Selenium Nanoparticles

This research was delineated to explore the efficacy of selenium nanoparticles delivered in liposomes (L-Se) in the mitigation of type-2 diabetes mellitus. Adult female Wistar rats were assigned into four groups: group I, the normal control group in which the rats received normal saline solution orally; group II, the diabetic control group in which the rats were injected intraperitoneally with a single dose of streptozotocin (STZ) for induction of diabetes; group III, the metformin (Met)-treated group in which the diabetic rats were treated orally with Met; and group IV, the L-Se-treated group in which the diabetic rats were treated orally with L-Se. All treatments were delivered for 21 days. Blood and pancreas tissue samples were obtained for biochemical analysis, immunohistochemical examinations, and histopathological investigation. The L-Se-treated group showed significant drop in serum glucose and pancreatic malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α) levels associated with significant rise in serum insulin and pancreatic glutathione, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione reductase (GR) values, in addition to significant improvement in the immunohistochemical indices (insulin and glucagon). Aforementioned results are appreciated by the histopathological findings of pancreatic tissue. In conclusion, our data have brought about compelling evidence favoring the antidiabetic potency of elemental selenium nanoparticles delivered in liposomes through preservation of pancreatic β cell integrity with consequent increment of insulin secretion and in turn glucose depletion, repression of oxidative stress, potentiation of the antioxidant defense system, and inhibition of pancreatic inflammation.     

17β-Estradiol and Vitamin E Modulates Oxidative Stress-Induced Kidney Toxicity in Diabetic Ovariectomized Rat

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol) and 17β-estradiol (E(2)) supplementation on malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), vitamin A, beta carotene, selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), zinc-dependent superoxide dismutase (SOD), and copper/zinc-dependent catalase (CAT) values in the kidney of ovariectomized (OVX) diabetic rats. Forty-two female rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups as follows: group I, control; group II, OVX; group III, OVX+E(2); group IV, OVX+E(2)+alpha-tocopherol; group V, OVX+diabetic; group VI, OVX+diabetic+E(2); and group VII, OVX+diabetic+E(2)+alpha-tocopherol. E(2) (40?μg?kg(-1)/day) and alpha-tocopherol (100?μg?kg(-1)/day) were given. Bilateral ovariectomy was performed in all groups except group I. After 4?weeks, antioxidant and MDA levels in the kidney for all groups were analyzed. GSH-Px, CAT, SOD, GSH levels, vitamin A, and beta carotene levels were decreased in OVX group compared to those in the control group but MDA level was elevated via ovariectomy. However, E(2) and E(2)+alpha-tocopherol supplementations in OVX group was associated with an increase in the GSH-Px, GSH, CAT and Zn-SOD values, vitamin A, and beta carotene levels but a decrease in MDA levels in kidney. The MDA levels in the kidney of diabetic OVX rats were found higher than those in the control and OVX groups. However, GSH, GSH-Px, CAT, SOD, vitamin A, and beta carotene levels in kidney were lower in OVX diabetic rats. On the other hand, E(2) and E(2)+alpha-tocopherol supplementations to OVX diabetic rats have caused an increase in GSH-Px, CAT and SOD, GSH, vitamin A, and beta carotene levels but a decrease in MDA levels. In conclusion, the E(2) and E(2)+alpha-tocopherol supplementations to diabetic OVX and OVX rats may strengthen the antioxidant defense system by reducing lipid peroxidation, and therefore they may play a role in preventing renal disorders.     

芪蝎活血通络汤对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠神经功能、氧化应激及炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨芪蝎活血通络汤对局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠神经功能、氧化应激及炎症因子的影响。方法:50只SD大鼠随机选取40只采用线栓法构建脑缺血再灌注模型,其中36只成功,4只死亡。随机数字表法将36只脑缺血再灌注模型大鼠分为模型组、低剂量组(芪蝎活血通络汤2.0 mg/kg灌胃处理)、中剂量组(芪蝎活血通络汤4.0 mg/kg灌胃处理)和高剂量组(芪蝎活血通络汤8.0 mg/kg灌胃处理),每组9只,剩余10只大鼠仅切开皮肤分离和夹闭血管(对照组)。建模后芪蝎活血通络汤各剂量组给予相应剂量灌胃,对照组和模型组给予同剂量生理盐水灌胃,持续4周。用药4周后测评各组大鼠神经功能缺损程度、双侧贴纸去除时间、平衡木过杆时间,并测定各组大鼠脑组织中含水量、脑梗死面积以及氧化应激[过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、丙二醛(MDA)]和炎症因子[白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β),白细胞介素-6(IL-6),肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)]指标。结果:与对照组比较,模型组大鼠m NSS评分、脑组织含水量、MDA含量、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平升高(P<0.05),双侧贴纸去除时间、平衡木过杆时间延长(P<0.05),脑梗死面积增大(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性降低(P<0.05);与模型组比较,芪蝎活血通络汤各剂量组大鼠m NSS评分、脑组织含水量、MDA含量、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α水平降低(P<0.05),双侧贴纸去除时间、平衡木过杆时间缩短(P<0.05),脑梗死面积缩小(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性升高(P<0.05);与低剂量组比较,中、高剂量组大鼠m NSS评分降低(P<0.05),双侧贴纸去除时间、平衡木过杆时间缩短(P<0.05);高剂量组大鼠脑梗死面积、脑组织MDA、IL-6、IL-1β、TNF-α低于低剂量组(P<0.05),SOD、GSH-Px、CAT高于低剂量组(P<0.05)。结论:芪蝎活血通络汤可降低大鼠脑缺血再灌注损伤,改善神经功能,其治疗作用可能与抗氧化,抗炎作用有关,8.0 mg/kg剂量效果最显著。     

外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸对盐胁迫下菘蓝种子萌发及幼苗抗氧化酶活性的影响

采用砂培方式,研究了外源5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)对盐胁迫下菘蓝种子的萌发、幼苗叶片的可溶性糖含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量及其抗氧化酶活性的影响,探讨ALA缓解菘蓝受盐胁迫伤害的响应机制。结果显示:(1)菘蓝种子萌发及幼苗生长在100 mmol·L^-1 NaCl胁迫下受到明显的抑制,种子发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数、活力指数与自然含水量均显著降低,丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著升高。(2)盐胁迫下适宜浓度的ALA处理显著提高了种子萌发率、自然含水量及SOD、POD和CAT活性,降低了可溶性糖和丙二醛的含量,并以16.7 mg·L^-1 ALA处理盐胁迫下菘蓝种子的发芽率、发芽势最大,其幼苗的SOD、POD、CAT活性最强。研究表明,盐胁迫显著抑制菘蓝种子的萌发及幼苗生长,适宜浓度的ALA能够有效缓解盐胁迫对菘蓝种子萌发及幼苗生长的伤害,提高植株的抗盐性,并以16.7 mg·L^-1 ALA处理效果最佳。     

Antioxidant enzymatic defense in salivary glands of streptozotocin‐induced diabetic rats: a temporal study

Hyperglycemia induces overproduction of superoxide and it is related to diabetic complications. In this study, we analyzed the antioxidant enzymatic defense and the lipid peroxidation of rat salivary glands in six different periods of diabetic condition. Ninety‐six rats were divided into 12 groups: C7/14/21/28/45/60 (non‐diabetic animals) and D7/14/21/28/45/60 (diabetic animals). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin and the rats were euthanized after 7, 14, 21, 28, 45, or 60 days. Their parotid (PA) and submandibular (SM) glands were removed soon after the sacrifice and the total protein and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, as well as, the superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities were determined. Twenty‐one days after the diabetes induction, the SM glands showed an increase in SOD, CAT, and GPx activities, as well as, MDA concentration. Concerning the PA glands, an increase in the CAT activity and MDA content was observed throughout the observation period. The results suggest that diabetes can cause alterations on the salivary glands and that PA and SM glands react differently when exposed to diabetes condition. However, no impairment of antioxidant system was observed in the group whose diabetic condition had been induced 60 days earlier, herein named 60‐day group. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

银杏叶提取物对糖尿病大鼠心肌损伤的防护作用

目的:研究银杏叶提取物(EGb)对糖尿病大鼠心肌的防护作用.方法:用光镜和透射电镜观察EGb对糖尿病大鼠心肌的形态学改变,并测定心肌组织内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、一氧化氮合酶(NOS)、结构型一氧化氮合酶(cNOS)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的活性及一氧化氮(NO)、丙二醛(MDA)的含量.结果:糖尿病大鼠心肌光镜下主要表现为心肌细胞空泡变性及心肌纤维局灶性溶解;电镜下主要表现为心肌线粒体肿胀,嵴变短,肌原纤维溶解;SOD活性下降,NOS、iNOS活性及MDA、NO含量增高.EGb治疗组病变明显减轻,EGb治疗组心肌组织内SOD活性明显高于糖尿病组,NOS、iNOS活性及MDA、NO含量低于糖尿病组.结论:EGb可能通过抗脂质过氧化作用和降低NO水平而对糖尿病心肌产生保护作用.     

姜黄素及其类似物J7对2型糖尿病大鼠睾丸氧化应激损伤的干预作用*

目的: 研究姜黄素(CUR)及其类似物J7对糖尿病大鼠睾丸氧化应激损伤的干预作用。方法: 60只SD大鼠随机分组,其中10只作为正常(NC)组,余50只通过高脂饮食和腹腔注射链脲佐菌素诱导建立糖尿病大鼠模型,造模成功后将其再分为4组:糖尿病(DM,n=12)组、姜黄素治疗(CUR,n=10)组、J7高剂量治疗(J+,n=10)组、J7低剂量治疗(J-,n=10)组。CUR组大鼠每天予以姜黄素20 mg/kg灌胃治疗,J+及J-组分别予以J7 20 mg/kg、10 mg/kg灌胃治疗,8周后处死大鼠,测量各组大鼠体重、空腹血糖,羟胺法和硫代巴比妥酸法分别检测超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,Western blot法检测tNrf2、pNrf2、CAT、NQO1蛋白表达水平,qRT-PCR检测CAT、NQO1、HO1 mRNA表达水平,光镜下观察大鼠睾丸形态学改变,免疫组化检测Nrf2及CAT蛋白表达情况。结果: DM组血糖、MDA水平升高(P＜0.05),体重、SOD活性、pNrf2/tNrf2、CAT、NQO1蛋白及CAT、NQO1、HO1 mRNA水平均有下降(P＜0.05);光镜下见睾丸各级生精细胞减少、排列紊乱;免疫组化显示Nrf2蛋白核周表达量下降,CAT蛋白表达水平降低。经姜黄素及J7治疗后,三个治疗组的MDA水平均下降(P＜0.05),SOD活性、pNrf2/tNrf2、CAT、NQO1蛋白及NQO1、HO1 mRNA水平均上升(P＜0.05),J+及J-组血糖显著下降(P＜0.05),J+组CAT mRNA水平显著上升(P＜0.05);J+组pNrf2/tNrf2比值明显高于CUR组及J-组(P＜0.05),J+组CAT蛋白水平也明显高于J-组(P＜0.05),其余指标在三个治疗组间不具有显著性差异。光镜下见三个治疗组睾丸形态学病变减轻;免疫组化显示Nrf2蛋白核周表达量上升,CAT蛋白表达水平升高。提示高剂量J7抗糖尿病大鼠睾丸的氧化应激损伤的能力较强。结论: 姜黄素及J7可在一定程度上对抗糖尿病大鼠睾丸的氧化应激损伤,其机制可能与Nrf2-ARE信号通路的激活相关。