无细胞百日咳疫苗效价检定用攻击菌液氮保存的稳定性

为了考察无细胞百日咳疫苗效价检定用攻击菌在液氮中保存的稳定性,对液氮保存1~7年的4~9代百日咳攻击菌随机抽取7~11批次样品,采用LD50检测并经统计学处理,分析其样品的毒力变化。试验结果显示,4~9代的百日咳攻击菌液氮保存5年,毒力仍能达到《中华人民共和国药典》三部(2005版)的要求;保存6年和7年,4~7代的百日咳攻击菌毒力仍符合上述要求,8、9代的攻击菌毒力的合格率分别为84%和40%。试验证实,无细胞百日咳效价检定用攻击菌液氮保存5年具有良好的稳定性,可用于无细胞百日咳疫苗的效价检定。     

液氮保存百日咳18323攻击菌质量分析

液氮保存百日咳１８３２３攻击菌质量分析边淑娟李伟华高红（卫生部兰州生物制品研究所,兰州７３００４６）百日咳菌苗效力试验的影响因素很多,其中一个主要原因是攻击菌液的毒力稳定性问题,为了减少可变因素,尽可能使效力试验结果具有可靠性,正确表达菌苗质量,制备...     

小鼠卵巢组织的超速冻存法研究

目的　本实验通过对小鼠卵巢组织进行冻存研究 ,掌握卵巢的低温生物学特性 ,摸索出一种简便有效的组织器官冻存法 ,为卵巢移植及器官冷冻提供有用的技术方法。方法　通过对小鼠卵巢组织进行慢速程序法与快速液氮蒸汽法冻存 ,比较分析了不同方法所需保护剂种类、浓度、渗透平衡时间。采用对解冻后卵巢组织超微结构观察、组织化学染色、激素测定及自体、异体移植后动情期的恢复作为评价指标。结果与结论　通过上述实验表明用同种冷冻保护剂 ,液氮蒸汽法冻存的卵巢组织超微结构保存良好 ;组织化学染色示其活性与程序法冻存组织相同 ;自体、异体移植后 ,小鼠动情周期的恢复率及血清雌二醇水平各项指标均与慢速程序法冷冻无显著性差异     

BALB/C小鼠杂交瘤细胞冻存初探

自从Polge(1949)用甘油作为保护剂成功的冻存了Hela和L细胞以来,细胞冻存技术已日趋完善。本文对细胞株的冻存分别采用-70℃冰箱和常用的液氮深低温的方法。定期复苏,测定抗体效价,最后作染色体比较,至今已一年多,其结果令人满意。现将结果简要报告如下。方法1.细胞冻存:选择生长旺盛期,形态良好的细胞,按每ml细胞冻存液内含活细胞约1×106个,每支冻存管1ml。细胞冻存管置-20℃冰箱内15小时左右,分别放入液氮和-70℃冰箱内。经不同时期后取出作复苏及抗体效价比较。2.细胞复苏:取出冻存管,迅速浸入37℃水浴中,在1分钟内解冻后转种到已预制…     

腺苷酸环化酶毒素在无细胞百日咳疫苗中的免疫保护效果评价

目的利用小鼠百日咳感染模型评估在无细胞百日咳疫苗中加入腺苷酸环化酶毒素的C端结构域(RTX_(751)),能否提升无细胞百日咳疫苗的免疫保护效果。方法 (1)用腺苷酸环化酶毒素的C端结构域与百日咳毒素(pertussis toxin, PT)、丝状血凝素(filamentous hemagglutinin, FHA)、百日咳黏附素(pertussis adhesin, PRN)、氢氧化铝(aluminum hydroxide, Alum)佐剂制备成试验疫苗,对C57BL/6小鼠行腹腔两针免疫。(2)第2针免疫后21 d,用浓度为1×10~(11 )CPU/mL的百日咳鲍特菌对小鼠进行气雾攻毒。攻毒后分别在3、7、14、28 d进行取样分析。(3)分析第2次免疫后IgG抗体水平和IgG1/IgG2a比例变化及感染百日咳鲍特菌后不同时间点呼吸道组织细菌载量和细胞因子IFN-γ、IL-17的变化。结果 1/40aP+RTX和1/80aP+RTX的IgG抗体水平高于1/40aP和1/80aP,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),1/80aP+RTX的IgG2a/IgG1高于1/80 aP,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);攻毒后14 d, 1/80aP+RTX组肺细菌菌落数最少、气管细菌已清除完毕,IFN-γ、IL-17细胞因子分泌量最低,与Alum组相比差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Alum组与RTX_(751)组差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论单独的RTX_(751)不能作为保护性抗原;但在小鼠模型中,RTX_(751)加入到无细胞百日咳疫苗可使免疫应答向Th1偏向去增强无细胞百日咳疫苗的免疫保护效果。     

无细胞百日咳工艺中PO4^3—影响DTaP免疫效力分析

用0.02mol/L磷酸盐缓冲液和不用磷酸盐缓冲液透析生产无细胞百日咳（aP）,按《2000年版生物制品规程》制备和检定氢氧化铝吸附无细胞百日咳、白喉、破伤风联合疫苗（DTaP）。发现用磷酸盐缓冲液和不用磷酸盐缓冲液透析生产aP组成DTaP免疫效力差异非常显著,后者100％（10／10）合格,前者合格率只有27％（3／11）,用钼兰法测定DTaP中PO4^3-离子浓度。结果表明后者的PO4^3-浓度只是前者的1／10,PO4^3-依次影响白喉、破伤风、百日咳免疫效价。     

液氮保存疫霉属菌种存活期检测

对Phytophthora和Peronophythora所属12个种29株菌在液氮中保存5年零8个月至6年零3个月后检测证明有68.9％的菌种存活下来。但有些种未能存活,这些种有Phytophthora colocasiae(XH30),P.drechsleri(ATCC15428),P.erythroseptica(ATCC36302)与Peronophythora litchii(ATCC 34595)。即使存活的菌种也不一定每个保存的菌株与菌块都存活。说明在液氮中也有存活力下降的现象。除菌种本身耐深冻贮藏特性不同外,贮藏前菌种培养的旺盛程度明显影响存活。对一些菌的致病性测定证明长期保存后致病力维持不变。液氮保藏不失为保持菌种长期不变的良好方法,只是要严格按要求掌握,并对菌的耐冻力先行了解。     

吸附无细胞百白破(DPTa)的稳定性试验

采用半综合液体培养基（含０．０５％ＭｅβＣＤ）,大罐培养百日咳Ⅰ相ＣＳ菌制备的吸附无细胞百日咳菌苗、白喉、破伤风类毒素混合制剂（ＤＰＴａ）置４－８℃分别保存一年、保存两年,测三种抗原成分的效力及毒性,以及将该制剂于３７℃分别放置三周、三个月,测定有无毒性逆转。结果表明,该制剂质量稳定,无毒性逆转     

实验小鼠H-2抗原单克隆抗体的效价研究

目的　研究实验小鼠H - 2抗原单克隆抗体在初建时和经冷冻保存后的效价变化规律 ,为长期保存小鼠H - 2抗原单抗及规模性推广这一遗传监测方法奠定技术基础。方法　制备 6种抗小鼠H 2抗原的单克隆抗体 ,将具备一定抗体效价 (16 0倍以上 )的细胞株保存在 - 196℃的液氮中 ,数月后将复苏后的部分细胞株培养 4 8h后 ,取其上清液用微量细胞毒试验法测定抗体的效价 ,并与其原有效价进行比较。结果　单抗初建时效价达到 16 0倍以上的细胞株占总株数的 37%～ 5 3% ,H 2K抗体复苏后效价持平的细胞株占 13% ,效价下降的为 74 % ,效价上升的是 13% ;H 2D抗体效价持平的细胞株占 5 3% ,下降的为 31% ,上升的是 16 %。复苏后的抗体效价大部分与原效价持平或略有下降 ,个别的会有所提高。结论　单克隆抗体的效价略低于同种单价特异性抗血清 ;能否使冻存后的抗体保持原有的效价是抗体能否大量生产并推广的关键 ;要长期保存和生产H 2抗原单抗 ,应加强克隆和检测工作 ,建立稳定的制备、保存和检测系统 ,才能为实验动物的遗传监测提供技术服务     

雨生红球藻FACHB-712营养细胞和厚壁孢子低温保藏效果及优化

以高产虾青素的雨生红球藻（Haematococcus pluvialis Flotow）FACHB-712藻株为材料,研究2种细胞形态（营养细胞和厚壁孢子）在低温保藏下的复苏率及其差异原因。结果显示,采用两步法（先预冻降温后再投入液氮中）冻存其营养细胞,在不同冻存条件下,其存活率均低于5%,以10%甘油作为保护剂、冻存速率为0.5℃/min、预冻温度为-40℃、保留30 min,然后再投入液氮罐（-196℃）中保藏,其存活率可达到13.3%。采用两步法冻存厚壁孢子,其复苏存活率高达66.13%,复苏萌发后细胞的生长特性、虾青素含量与液氮保藏前无明显差异（P > 0.05）。对液氮保藏前后藻细胞形态和超微结构观察结果表明,超低温保藏后,营养细胞的结构受到较大损伤,而厚壁孢子受到的损伤相对较小。当添加不同保护剂后,直接将厚壁孢子分别冻存在-20℃、-80℃低温及液氮中,发现-80℃低温冻存处理组的复苏存活率相对较高,可达27%。研究表明采用两步法先预冻降温后再投入液氮中冻存厚壁孢子,是长期保藏雨生红球藻FACHB-712的最佳方法,也可采用一步法将厚壁孢子冻存于-80℃冰箱中。     

The maintenance of challenge strains used in the potency test for canine leptospira vaccines.

The challenge test for leptospira vaccines required by most licensing authorities is difficult to standardise and unreliable. One of the main contributory factors to this, is the difficulty in maintaining the virulence of the challenge strain. This paper describes work carried out to assess the practicality of storing challenge strains of Leptospira canicola and Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae in liquid nitrogen. The effects of different concentrations of glycerol and dimethyl sulphoxide on the recovery of virulent and avirulent strains of Leptospira canicola and Leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae were investigated. Concentrations of cryopreservant above 5% increased the time taken for the leptospires to grow after recovery from vials stored in liquid nitrogen. In addition, the virulence of five challenge strains were shown to be little affected after 18 passages in vitro.     

苏铁属花粉萌发及保存条件研究

以不同浓度梯度的蔗糖与硼酸组合在不同pH条件下用悬浮培养法测定德保苏铁、叉叶苏铁、元江苏铁和越南篦齿苏铁花粉的活力;将元江苏铁和越南篦齿苏铁花粉分别保存在不同低温、不同湿度的环境中,研究温度和湿度对保存花粉的影响。结果表明:(1)最适合苏铁属植物花粉萌发的培养液配方为蔗糖(1%～2.5%)+硼酸(100～500 mg/L),pH6.0～7.0;(2)在室温下,将苏铁花粉密封保存在有干燥剂的容器中,可存活30 d以上;(3)在0℃条件下,不加干燥剂,花粉可保存4个月以上;(4)用液氮保存后的越南篦齿苏铁花粉进行人工授粉,结实率高达90.3%,与用新鲜花粉人工授粉的结实率无明显差异;(5)将花粉含水率降低到15.5%～13.2%后,能在液氮中进行长期保存,表明花粉液氮保存可以作为苏铁花粉长期和超长期保存的方法。     

Storage of seed in liquid nitrogen

Germination percentages of 24 species of seeds stored in liquid nitrogen for 600 days were compared with those stored at 5 °C in sealed containers. There were no obvious changes in germination caused either by the freezing and thawing process, or by the 600-day storage in liquid nitrogen. Ease of procedure, costs, and possible application to plant breeders and geneticists are discussed.     

Liquid Nitrogen Freezing in Microbiological Assay Systems: I. Preservation of Lactobacillus leichmannii for Direct Use in the Vitamin B12 Assay

Suspensions of Lactobacillus leichmannii were stored in liquid nitrogen and were used as direct inocula in vitamin B₁₂ assays. Complete recovery of viable cells was obtained when the suspensions in basal B₁₂ medium were rapidly frozen by direct immersion into liquid nitrogen and rapidly thawed by agitating the suspensions in a water bath at 40 C. Greater than 90% destruction occurred when the suspensions were in saline. However, both suspensions were usable in the B₁₂ assay system. Assay results on a number of test materials indicated good correlation between freshly prepared suspensions and frozen suspensions in basal medium stored 3 months. Suspensions in saline stored for 1 year in liquid nitrogen showed no detectable difference from the first day after freezing. Suspensions frozen slowly at the rate of 1 degree per min from 4 to -40 C and subsequently immersed in liquid nitrogen had a longer lag period of growth and were not usable in the 18-hr assay incubation system. A major advantage of a stored inoculum for direct use in a microbiological assay is the reduced day-to-day variation in the inoculum.     

Microbial contamination of embryos and semen during long term banking in liquid nitrogen

We report on microbial contamination of embryos and semen cryopreserved in sealed plastic straws and stored for 6-35 years in liquid nitrogen. There were 32 bacterial and 1 fungal species identified from randomly drawn liquid nitrogen, frozen semen, and embryos samples stored in 8 commercial and 8 research facility liquid nitrogen (LN) tanks. The identified bacteria represented commensal or environmental microorganisms and some, such as Escherichia coli, were potential or opportunistic pathogens for humans and animals. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was the most common contaminant identified from the samples and was further shown to significantly suppress fertilization and embryonic development in vitro. Analysis of the strains by pulsed field gel electrophoresis revealed restriction patterns with no relatedness indicating that there was no apparent cross-contamination of S. maltophilia strains between the germplasm and liquid nitrogen samples. In addition, no transmission of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) from infected semen and embryos straws to clean germplasm stored in the same LN tanks or LN was detected.     

Beagle狗肾细胞及用于制备乙脑活疫苗的研究

Ｂｅａｇｌｅ乳狗（５－１０日龄）肾块用热消化法制成细胞批放液氮保存,检定合格后做下列试验：（１）复苏培养长满单层后更换维持液,其细胞能维持４天以上,克服了常规消化培养细胞维持时间短（３６小时）的缺陷。（２）传代１４－２株病毒时,１代病毒的滴度即达６．０４－６．２４ＬｏｇＰＦＵ／ｍｌ,１代后的各代（至１１代）病毒滴度无明显提高。（３）该细胞接种１４－２株病毒时不产生明显的破坏性病变（ＣＰＥ）,在收毒前采取冻溶１次比冻溶前的病毒滴度提高０．２７－０．５ＬｏｇＰＦＵ／ｍｌ。以ＢＤＫ细胞传１代的１４－２株病毒作生产毒种,收毒前冻溶１次等工艺法制备五批疫苗,全面检定结果均符合《乙脑活疫苗规程》的质量标准。其中病毒滴度为６．０９－６．２４ＬｏｇＰＦＵ／ｍｌ;免疫效价（ＩＤ５０＝ｍｌ）为１．９－４．０×１０－５,与相同滴度的原毒株１４－２ＰＨＫ苗对照无明显差异（ｔ＝０．９６８Ｐ＞０．０５）,表明其免疫原性与原毒株相似。     

Effects of cryobiological variables on the survival of skin using a defined murine model

Skin from an inbred strain of hairless mouse was used as a homogeneous model tissue for studies of skin cryopreservation. Tetrazolium reductase enzyme activity was used to assess tissue viability. Hepes-buffered 199 tissue culture medium was confirmed to be a suitable basal medium, to which cryoprotectants were added. Addition of serum to the cryoprotective cocktail had no beneficial effect. Three cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide, ethanediol, and glycerol were evaluated. There was no evidence of specific toxicity attributable to the cryoprotective agents during the permeation period; however, short permeation times at low temperature were associated with maximum skin viability. Following freezing and thawing, higher viabilities were obtained when using a slow (-1 degree C min-1) or medium (-60 degree C min-1) rather than a fast (immersion in liquid nitrogen) cooling rate. Dimethyl sulfoxide was a marginally better cryoprotectant overall, although this difference was not statistically significant.     

Cryopreservation of semen in the dog: use of ultra-freezers of -152 degrees C as a viable alternative to liquid nitrogen

This experimental work was carried out to validate the use of a -152 degrees C ultra-low temperature freezer to freeze and store canine semen. The semen of three dogs was pooled and processed to obtain a final dilution with a concentration of 100 x 10(6) spermatozoa/mL, glycerol at 5% and Equex at 0.5%. Then, four freezing protocols were tested to evaluate the cryosurvival of sperm at 1, 7, 30, 60 and 120 days after freezing: (I) semen was frozen and stored in liquid nitrogen; (II) semen was frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored in the ultra-low freezer at -152 degrees C; (III) semen was frozen in the vapour of liquid nitrogen and stored in the ultra-low freezer at -152 degrees C; (IV) semen was frozen and stored in the ultra-low freezer at -152 degrees C. Data were statistically analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance to determine the effect of the freezing protocol and time on the sperm characteristics assessed. The percentages of sperm motility and of dead/live spermatozoa were similar throughout the experimental period, with no significant differences (P < 0.05) to be observed between four different freezing techniques tested. At 120 days after freezing, the percentage of abnormal cells and the percentage of sperm cells with abnormal acrosome were not significantly different between the freezing techniques. Although the number of dogs used was slightly low, in vitro results of this preliminary study showed that the use of ultra-freezers at -152 degrees C to freeze and store canine semen could be a viable alternative to liquid nitrogen.     

Storage ofCandida albicans,C. tropicalis and related species in liquid nitrogen

Storage in liquid nitrogen of a collection ofC. albicans, C. tropicalis and related species checked by numerical and classical taxonomy is described. Strains stored for 3 years in liquid nitrogen were thawed and their survival was tested. After adaptation and regeneration, their fermentation and assimilation spectra, production of chlamydospores and pseudomycelia, appearance and radial growth rate of giant colonies were investigated and compared with the properties of cultures stored under paraffin oil. It follows from the results obtained that two different media —with an increased content of a nitrogen source and with an increased carbon source content —should be used for the post-heating adaptation and regeneration of yeast cells. In some strains it is useful to store them at 4 °C for additional time intervals in order to increase survival of the cells. The above strains can be successfully stored in liquid nitrogen.