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1.
中国苏铁属花粉形态研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
对中国苏铁属花粉进行了光镜和扫描电镜观察。花粉中等大,极轴长26.5-35.7μm,赤道轴长20.6-26.4μm;极面观椭圆形至近圆形,赤道面观船形或肾形,具远极单沟,达两端,其开闭和形状随花粉干燥或潮湿而变化,内部具多种不规则突起,两端具皱纹;远极面外壁光滑或稀具微突起,近极面具穿孔,孔穴或蜂窝状纹饰。  相似文献   

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雀稗属花粉形态及其多萌发孔现象   总被引:1,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
在广东广泛收集禾本科雀稗属的基础上,观察了雀稗属(Paspalum)9个种及其类群的花粉形态。其花粉一般为球型,平均直径在34-50um之间,花粉表面纹饰一般为疣状突起或皱波状。在四倍体的台湾雀稗(P.formosanum),双穗雀稗(P.paspaloides),雀稗(P.thunbergii),两耳草(P.conjugatum),圆果雀稗(P.orbiculare),长叶雀稗(P.longifolium)和一个十倍体的南雀稗(P.commersonii)的一个类群上发现了禾本科罕见的花粉多萌发孔现象。  相似文献   

4.
紫荆花粉离体萌发条件的研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
以紫荆(Cercis chinensis Bunge)花粉为材料,采用人工培养法研究了紫荆花粉离体萌发的最适条件.结果表明:蔗糖、硼酸在一定质量浓度范围内能促进花粉的萌发,最适花粉萌发的质量浓度分别为蔗糖50 mg/L以及硼酸20 mg/L,最佳萌发温度20℃.正交试验设计结果表明:花粉萌发的最佳质量浓度分剐为70 mg/L蔗糖以及18mg/L硼酸,最佳萌发温度为22℃,此时的萌发率可达60.51%.  相似文献   

5.
云南含笑花粉萌发研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:7  
应用离体培养和人工授粉的方法对云南含笑花粉的萌发进行了研究。栽培和野生云南含笑花粉的萌发率有很大的差异,分别为20%和90%。首次报道了云南含笑的花粉粒在离体培养基上萌发2条花粉管的现象。云南含笑花粉在灰岩含笑花柱头上的萌发率和萌发时间与离体培养基上的相同,表明灰岩含笑的柱头对云南含笑的花粉没有排异现象。  相似文献   

6.
以20个风信子品种为材料,采用液体培养法研究了培养基组成、培养温度、贮藏温度和时间对花粉萌发特性的影响.结果表明:(1)适应风信子花粉萌发的培养基和温度因品种的不同而有差异,'安娜玛丽'品种为蔗糖100 g·L-1+H3BO3 20 mg·L-1+CaCl2 30 mg·L-1,15℃;'阿姆斯特丹'为蔗糖100 g·L-1+H3BO3 20 mg·L-1+CaCl2 30 mg·L-1,20℃;'奥斯塔'为蔗糖100 g·L-1+H3BO3 30 mg·L-1+CaCl2 30 mg·L-1,25℃.(2)不同品种风信子花粉萌发率差别较大,最高的'尉天蓝夹克'高达84.67%,最低的'爱丽斯'仅为10.71%,其余品种介于二者之间.(3)风信子花粉生活力随贮藏时间的延长而下降,'希腊之神'和'奥斯塔'花粉生活力在室温条件下贮藏9 d时已为0或接近0;在4℃和-20℃低温条件下,两品种贮藏12 d的花粉生活力仍大于20%.可见,不同风信子品种花粉萌发及贮藏条件不尽相同,在生产实践中应分别筛选,区别对待.  相似文献   

7.
菠萝蜜花药发育及花粉萌发研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
吴钿  叶春海  丰锋  夏春华 《植物研究》2011,31(2):169-174
研究花药发育过程和花粉萌发条件是菠萝蜜稳产优质的基础。采用石蜡切片和离体培养的方法,对菠萝蜜花药的发育和花粉萌发进行了研究,结果表明:菠萝蜜的花药有4个花粉囊;减数分裂的胞质分裂有连续型和同时型两种形式,形成了等双面体排列和四面体排列的四分体;成熟花药的表皮细胞积累有大量的单宁。160 g·L-1的蔗糖和0.25 g·L-1的硼酸混合溶液对菠萝蜜花粉萌发具有明显的促进作用,CaCl2对菠萝蜜花粉萌发作用不明显。  相似文献   

8.
刘炳仑 《化石》1995,(1):9-11
棕榈科花粉萌发孔的演化趋向与其化石花粉刘炳仑棕榈科(Palmae)属单子叶植物,共约217属,2500余种,分布于热带和亚热带地区;我国约22属,72种,主产云南、广西、广东和台湾;温带地区很少见。因而,一般都把它视为热带、亚热带气候的指示植物。在棕...  相似文献   

9.
脱外壁花粉的分离与人工萌发已在芸苔属(Brassica L.)中取得成功。由于其缺乏外壁与萌发沟这一特点,脱外壁花粉是研究花粉萌发的有用的实验系统。作者重点研究了脱外壁花粉分离与萌发过程中有关极性形成、萌发位点预定及新壁的合成等问题。结果表明在外壁脱离之前花粉已经活化并预先建立了极性;脱外壁后的萌发位点仍位于原萌发沟处;在萌发位点处合成的新壁可能起限定花粉管直径的作用。由此推论,脱外壁花粉可在花粉生物学研究中广泛加以应用。  相似文献   

10.
枣不同品种花粉量和花粉萌发率的研究   总被引:9,自引:2,他引:9       下载免费PDF全文
以20个枣品种为试材,测定了花粉萌发率和单药花粉量。结果表明,枣不同品种在同一时期及同一品种在不同花期花粉量和花粉萌发率差异显著,初花期单花药花粉量最多的品种达5556粒,最少的为0。花粉量与花粉萌发率之间无显著的相关性。枣树的单药花粉量在6月中下旬最高,而花粉萌发率在6月中旬出现高峰。发现了无花粉、高含仁率的优异雄性不育新种质JMS3,并进一步证明了JMS1的无花粉性状稳定。  相似文献   

11.
黄藤花粉萌发与低温贮藏研究   总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14       下载免费PDF全文
用培养法对黄藤花粉进行了蔗糖浓度梯度、培养温度和培养时间试验;用干燥脱水法对黄藤花粉进行了低温贮藏研究.结果表明:(1)10%~15%的蔗糖浓度有利于花粉萌发生长;(2)花粉在31~35℃下培养6~9 h,其萌发生长最佳;(3)黄藤花粉随着贮藏时间的延长,花粉萌发率逐渐下降,花粉管长度较短;随着贮藏温度的加深,花粉萌发率下降趋于缓慢,花粉管长度较长。尤其在45℃下恒温干燥4 h,并在-20~-30℃下贮藏的花粉,540 d后仍然保持了较高的萌发率和较长的花粉管;(4)40℃水浴化冻和室温化冻均可用于黄藤花粉解冻,两者效果一样。  相似文献   

12.
以2年生欧李植株为试材,采用液体培养法研究了不同采集时间、贮藏时间、贮藏条件以及不同生长调节剂对欧李花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明:(1)欧李花粉在大花苞期至初花期的生活力和发芽力最强,是花粉适宜的采集时期。(2)贮藏条件对花粉的贮藏时间起决定作用,在干燥条件下,花粉的生活力迅速降低,在自然湿度条件下,欧李花粉的贮藏时间随温度的降低而延长,-89℃超低温是欧李花粉贮藏的适合条件。(3)6-BA对花粉的萌发有抑制作用,但适宜的浓度(15mg·L-1)可以促进花粉管的生长,反之则抑制花粉管的生长;所有浓度的2,4-D均能促进花粉管的生长,但浓度对花粉萌芽率的影响极大;低浓度NAA(<20mg·L-1)或GA3(<50mg·L-1)对欧李花粉的萌发和花粉管的生长均影响不大;当NAA≥20mg·L-1时,对花粉的萌发有抑制作用,对花粉管的生长有促进作用;当GA3≥50mg·L-1时对花粉萌发和花粉管生长均具有一定的抑制作用。  相似文献   

13.
Floral phenology, pollen quality and seed set of Plantago crassifolia plants, grown in the presence of increasing NaCl concentrations, were studied to test how this Mediterranean halophyte responded to salt stress during the reproductive phase of its life cycle. Reproductive success was maximal in plants grown in non-saline conditions, or in the presence of 100 mM NaCl, but it was negatively affected by higher salinities, due to a progressive reduction of pollen fertility, seed set, and seed viability.  相似文献   

14.
芸苔属青菜(Brassica chinensis)与紫菜苔(B. cam pestrisvar. purpurea)的花粉经低温水合、热激、渗激三步程序,分离出大量具萌发能力的脱外壁花粉,脱外壁率可高达60% 以上。在含有碳源与氮源及Roberts培养基盐成分的碱性PEG 培养基中,首次使芸苔属脱外壁花粉萌发,萌发率可达33% ~41% 。在扫描电镜下观察了花粉脱外壁与萌发的过程。讨论了不同植物花粉脱外壁的方法与花粉壁生物学特点的对应关系,以及外壁对花粉萌发的可能作用  相似文献   

15.
    
In view of the fact that pollen deprived of exine has been shown by electroporation to be a superior receptor of foreign genes in tobacco, the authors developed a technique to isolate and artificially germinate the de-exined pollen in Brassica. Pollen grains of B. chinens/s and B. campestris var. purpurea were first hydrated at 4 ℃ in a medium containing Roberts' salts, 24% sucrose, 7.3% mannitol, 0.05% lactoalbumin hydrolysate (pH 8.5) for 18 h, followed by heat shock at 34 ℃ for 40~60 min and osmotic shock for 20 min subsequently. Through this three-step procedure the exine could dehisce along the germination furrows and completely detached off, resulting in the release of pollen coated with naked intine with an isolation rate as high, as over 60%. The de-exined pollen were germinated in a modified medium containing 15%~20% polyethylene glycol (MW 6000), 5% sucrose, 0.05% lactoalbumin hydrolysate and Roberts' salts (pH 8.5) with a rate of 41% in B. chinensis and 33% in the other species. However, in sharp contrast with the behavior of the intact pollen, the de-exined pollen did not germinate in the carbon and nitrogen sources free media. Scanning electron microscopic and light microscopic observations on the processes of isolation and germination of de-exined pollen were carried out. The phenomenon of exine detachment in a few plant species is reviewed. There might be some corresponding association between pollen wall characteristics and methods of isolation. The de-exined pollen may be a useful experimental system not only for introducing and transferring foreign genes, but also for investigating the role of exine in pollen germination and in sporophytic self-incom- patibility.  相似文献   

16.
The stigma of Caesalpinia pulcherrima is crateriform. The crater continues as a slit-like canal through the style and into the ovary. Both crater and canal are lined by several layers of fusiform and thin-walled cells which are continuous in two narrow regions in the ovary. Postanthesis and before pollination, the middle lamella of cells lining the stigmatic crater and stylar transmitting tissue undergoes dissolution. This occurs in a progression down the style with cells separating partially or wholly from neighbours. Dissolution is initiated at intercellular junctions where wall fibrils loosen and variously-sized and -shaped holes appear. Cytoplasmic changes include increased dictyosome activity, increased rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum at the periphery of cells and accumulation of electron opaque deposits at the plasma membrane. The crater fills with stigmatic fluid and the diameter of the stylar canal increases. Pollen germinates in the secretion-filled crater, and pollen tubes grow down the style between the cells of the transmitting tissue but do not enter the canal. They emerge at the entrance to the ovary cavity and grow over one or two narrow strips of ovarian transmitting tissue cells which are present throughout the length of the ovary close to the ovules. This ensures that tubes grow in close proximity to the micropyles.  相似文献   

17.
In this study, pollens of Burdur dimriti, Sariemin, Tilki kuyrugu, Razaki, Buzgulu, Siyah buzgulu, and Siyah gemre table grape varieties (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in Isparta, Turkey were tested in vitro for viability, germination capability, and production level. It was determined that active pollen levels varied between 23.8 % and 80.8 % in FDA (flourescein diacetat), 31.5 % and 68.8 % in TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) tests. In respect to pollen germination rates, the best medium in hanging drop method and saturated petri method were 20 % sucrose concentration and 1 % agar+15 % sucrose solution, respectively. The highest and the lowest pollen production levels per flower were determined 9000 in Siyah gemre and 2906 in Siyah dimrit grape varieties, respectively.  相似文献   

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19.
利用RT-PCR和RACE在麝香百合(Lilium longiflorum Thunb.)花粉管中克隆到1,4-β-葡聚糖内切酶(Endo-1,4-β-glucanase,EGase)的全长cDNA序列(LlpCel1).序列分析结果表明:该基因编码一个含有490个氨基酸的球状蛋白,并在N端有一个由21个氨基酸构成的信号肽序列.序列比对结果显示,LlpCel1和植物分泌型1,4-β-葡聚糖内切酶高度同源(约50%),不含有跨膜结构域和纤维素结合域(CBD).Northern杂交结果显示,该基因的转录本仅在花粉粒、萌发中的花粉和花粉管生长过程中表达,表达量基本相同.而在百合植株其他组织中均未见表达.这种葡聚糖内切酶的高度特异表达说明LlpCel1对花粉萌发和花粉管伸长起着重要作用.  相似文献   

20.
对桔梗花粉离体萌发条件进行了筛选,并采用花粉离体萌发法测定了不同干燥方式和贮藏时间处理对桔梗花粉生活力的影响;同时采用人工授粉的方法研究了不同处理后桔梗花粉授粉结实能力的变化。结果表明:(1)30℃培养1.5h是桔梗花粉离体萌发和花粉管生长的最佳培养条件。(2)不同干燥方式、不同干燥时间处理后桔梗花粉萌发率和花粉管长度均有所下降,但下降幅度不同,其中以干燥箱45℃烘干处理1.5h~2h下降最少,其花粉耐藏性也有明显提高。(3)不同干燥方式处理桔梗花粉后其授粉结籽率的变化明显不同,阴置2h处理的花粉结籽率最低,而干燥器内放置6h、日晒2h和烘干1.5h处理后花粉结籽率略有变化;干燥处理后随贮藏时间的增加,其授粉结籽率均呈下降趋势,但45℃烘干1.5h处理的花粉结籽率下降速度最慢,其授粉结籽能力可保持5d左右。  相似文献   

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