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为探究千岛湖陆桥岛屿不同鸟类集团对栖息地片段化敏感性的差异和季节变化,于2009年4月—2012年1月鸟类繁殖季(4、5、6月)和冬季(11、12、1月)对千岛湖41个陆桥岛屿鸟类集团进行了研究。结果表明,冬季杂食鸟对片段化敏感性高于食虫鸟,繁殖季时二者无显著差异,繁殖季和冬季时下层鸟对片段化敏感性均高于林冠鸟,冬季留鸟对片段化敏感性高于候鸟,繁殖季则无显著差异。杂食鸟和留鸟对片段化敏感性存在季节差异,而食虫鸟、林冠鸟、下层鸟和候鸟对片段化敏感性均无季节差异。不同鸟类集团对栖息地片段化敏感性的差异和季节变化规律,有助于人们在栖息地管理和保护区设计时采取更有针对性的鸟类保护措施。 相似文献
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栖息地片段化与隔离对兽类种群的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在地球历史上,栖息地的自然片段化在生物的进化过程中可能起着相当重要的作用。在人类历史上,尤其是最近几百年间人类大规模的经济活动对大多数动物生活环境的影响是空前的,其破坏性远胜于自然力。随着人类社会经济的飞速发展,许多动物正面临着自然栖息地片段化~丧失... 相似文献
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栖息地选择研究一直是鸟类生态学研究的重要内容之一。通过对2001年1月至2010年12月10年期间中国大陆鸟类学家在国内外期刊上发表的鸟类栖息地选择研究的论文进行分析,对我国鸟类栖息地选择研究提出展望。10年间,我国鸟类学家共发表有关鸟类栖息地选择或利用的论文170篇,共涉及到鸟类10目31科73种。在这10年里,中国大陆有关鸟类栖息地选择或利用的文章持续增长。然而,我国鸟类栖息地选择的研究也存在着如下问题:(1)存在栖息地选择和栖息地利用误用的现象,这种现象在10年内并无明显改善;(2)在选择研究方法时,很少考虑个体的可获得性、种群密度及抽样尺度对栖息地选择的影响;(3)大多数的栖息地选择的论文没有对鸟类的栖息地选择行为进行研究,也缺乏对其选择的适合度背景去进行研究。根据这些问题,对我国未来的鸟类栖息地选择研究提出了建议。 相似文献
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城市鸟类对斑块状园林栖息地的选择性 总被引:58,自引:3,他引:58
园林因在城市中呈斑块状分布而具有许多岛屿栖息地的特性,其内部结构和景观水平的结构同时也受到城市化的影响。对杭州市20个园林中鸟类物种的选择性分布进行了调查和分析,重点探讨了鸟类物种与园林面积、内部结构、微栖息地类型的分布、景观水平的结构、人为干扰等栖息地因素的关系。结果表明,杭州城市鸟类对园林栖息地具有较强的选择性,这不仅与园林的面积有关,还与园林的形状、植被盖度、微栖息地类型、连通性、隔离度、周围用地以及人为干扰等多种因素密切相关。园林栖息地间的异质性以及鸟类物种与栖息地结构的密切关系是园林鸟类选择性分布的主要原因。 相似文献
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中国鸟类生态学的发展现现状 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
中国鸟类生态学的发展可分三个阶段;20世纪30年代至50年代末的萌芽期;60年代初至70年代末的成长期;80年代以来的蓬勃发展期。1990年以来,繁殖是我国鸟类生态学的最主要研究内容,论文数量比例占23.53%;行为,栖息地,群落和迁徙等方面的研究有明显增长;鸟类食性研究的关注程度下降,本文对繁殖,行为,栖息地,种群和群落内容研究现状进行详细分析。并提出了今后中国鸟类生态学研究与发展予以关注的问题。 相似文献
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栖息地破碎化给野生动物带来的不良后果是全球生态学家和保护生物学家共同关心的问题.自从提出栖息地破碎化是导致生物多样性丧失的关键因素之一的论点后,近20年来,栖息地破碎化研究一直是生态学和保护生物学最活跃的前沿研究领域之一.栖息地破碎化是一动态过程,可在多尺度上发生并蕴涵着复杂的空间模式变化.栖息地破碎化对鸟类的生态学效应主要体现在面积效应、隔离效应和边缘效应等.这些效应影响着鸟类的分布、基因交流、种群动态、扩散行为、种间关系和生活史特征等,最终影响着鸟类的生存.介绍和总结了栖息地破碎化过程、研究的理论依据及栖息地破碎化对鸟类生存产生的诸多影响. 相似文献
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雪雀属鸟类栖息地在中国的分布 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
雪雀属(Montifringilla)属典型的高原鸟类,主要分布于我国青藏高原及其毗邻地区。本文依据现有雪雀属种类的采集记录、文献记载的分布资料,结合野外实地考察,运用GIS(地理信息系统)的叠加和分析功能,综合生境类型资料,建立其野生动物-栖息地关系模型,并预测该属种类栖息地分布。该模型依据适宜于雪雀分布的植被类型和高度叠加后产生雪雀的适宜栖息地,与县界的行政区划图叠加后产生预测有可能分布的县级单元。预测产生的分布图包含高度适宜、适宜和不适宜三种生境类型。本研究预测雪雀属种类的栖息地分布图显示,青藏高原大部分缺乏采集记录的地区具有适宜于雪雀分布的生境类型,具有雪雀分布所必须的潜在条件。而那些有采集记录的县,也仅仅在那些适宜的生境类型中才会有雪雀的分布。 相似文献
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Increased production of biomass crops in North America will require new agricultural land, intensify the cultivation of land already under production and introduce new types of biomass crops. Assessing the potential biodiversity impacts of novel agricultural systems is fundamental to the maintenance of biodiversity in agricultural landscapes, yet the consequences of expanded biomass production remain unclear. We evaluate the ability of two candidate second generation biomass feedstocks (switchgrass, Panicum virgatum, and mixed-grass prairie) not currently managed as crops to act as post-breeding and fall migratory stopover habitat for birds. In total, we detected 41 bird species, including grassland specialists and species of state and national conservation concern (e.g. Henslow's Sparrow, Ammodramus henslowii). Avian species richness was generally comparable in switchgrass and prairie and increased with patch size in both patch types. Grassland specialists were less abundant and less likely to occur in patches within highly forested landscapes and were more common and likely to occur in larger patches, indicating that this group is also area-sensitive outside of the breeding season. Variation in the biomass and richness of arthropod food within patches was generally unrelated to richness and abundance metrics. Total bird abundance and that of grassland specialists was higher in patches with greater vegetation structural heterogeneity. Collectively, we find that perennial biomass feedstocks have potential to provide post-breeding and migratory stopover habitat for birds, but that the placement and management of crops will be critical factors in determining their suitability for species of conservation concern. Industrialization of cellulosic bioenergy production that results in reduced crop structural heterogeneity is likely to dramatically reduce the suitability of perennial biomass crops for birds. 相似文献
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Avian spurs 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
G. W. H. Davison 《Journal of Zoology》1985,206(3):353-366
Spur size and number in the various species of Galliformes are considered in relation to body size and social system. Spur length is absolutely and relatively greater among large tropical species. Multiple-spurred species are intermediate in size between spurless and single-spurred species, but have longer legs. Possession of spurs is common, and presumably originated among monogamous species, but is still commoner among polygamous ones. Different spur shapes possibly reflect wounding versus stunning strategies of fighting. Wing spurs in other birds are briefly compared. 相似文献
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The literature and status of knowledge concerning olfactionin birds is reviewed, and the general anatomical plan of theavian olfactory chamber is discussed. Birds that show olfactoryability through the possession and utilization of well-developedolfactory equipment, or are suspect of olfactory perceptionbecause of behavioral patterns or olfactory equipment are discussed.These are: (1) the kiwi (Apteryx) of New Zealand, (2) procellariiformbirds, such as albatrosses, shearwaters, and petrels, (3) thecathartine vultures, particularly the turkey vulture (Cathartesaura), (4) the oilbird (Steatornis caripensis) of the islandof Trinidad, and northern South America, and (5) the honey guidesof the family Indicatoridae. Some new data suggesting a well-developedsense of smell in the honey guides (Indicatoridae) are alsopresented. 相似文献
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A high molecular weight glycoprotein (450,000) was obtained from thrombin-treated duck thrombocytes by barium citrate adsorption technique followed by heparin-agarose affinity chromatography. Amino acid composition (high number of acidic amino acids and cystine) as well as carbohydrate contents (1.3 per cent hexosamine, 0.9 per cent sialic acid and 1.5 per cent hexose) showed similarity to mammalian platelet thrombospondin. 相似文献