微波诱变结合抗性突变筛选放线菌素D高产菌株

采用微波结合链霉素抗性筛选法选育放线菌素D的高产菌株。通过考察链霉素对Streptomyces rubiginosohelvolus FIM-N31菌株孢子生长情况的影响确定链霉素致死浓度,出发菌株FIM-N31的孢子经微波辐照处理后,涂布在含链霉素致死浓度（50 μg/mL）的培养基平板上培养,获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因突变株。摇瓶发酵筛选突变株,结果获得一株遗传性状稳定的放线菌素D高产菌Str186,其产放线菌素D的能力比出发菌株提高了8倍以上。     

南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变筛选研究

通过对链霉素对南昌霉素（Nanchangmycin)产生菌NS－41－80菌株孢子的致死浓度测定基础上,采用诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯（EMS）的不同诱发剂量对菌株孢子进行诱变处理,诱变处理的孢子涂布在含链霉素（10ug/mL)致死浓度的高氏平板上,获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因（str)突变株。然后从3,000株链霉素抗性基因（str)突变株中通过初筛获得比诱变出发菌株产素能力提高20％以上的菌株202株,再进一步通过摇瓶复筛,获得比出发菌株产素能力分别提高100％,200％,300％高产菌株为48株,7株和1株,分别为复筛菌和初筛菌株的23．76％和1．60％,3．46％和0．23％,0．5％和0．03％,将产素能力提高240％以上5个菌株连同出发菌株连续3批次进行摇瓶发酵结果,5个突变株的产素能力均比出发菌株的产素能力提高57％－96．4％,其中突变株80－5．3－165菌株摇瓶发酵单位达6,000ug/mL以上,3批次摇瓶平均发酵单位达5,855ug/mL,建立了南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变快速高效的筛选方法。     

链霉素抗性突变--纳他霉素高产菌株的选育研究

应用链霉素抗性筛选法,将经过紫外线诱变处理的纳他霉素生产菌——褐黄孢链霉菌(Streptomyces gilvosporeus)ATC13326的孢子涂布在含有链霉素最小抑制浓度(0．6μg／mL)的培养基平板上,获得了122株链霉素抗性突变株。其中纳他霉素产量高于出发菌株的有13株,产量阳性效率达到10．6％,同时获得了产抗生素能力为出发菌株1．46倍的突变株SG-56。     

南昌霉素高产菌株的链霉素抗性基因突变诱变筛选研究*

通过链霉素对南昌霉素 (Nanchangmycin)产生菌NS 41 80菌株孢子的致死浓度测定基础上 ,采用诱变剂甲基磺酸乙酯 (EMS)的不同诱变剂量对菌株孢子进行诱变处理 ,诱变处理的孢子涂布在含链霉素 ( 1 0 μg/mL)致死浓度的高氏平板上 ,获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因 (str)突变株。然后从 3,0 0 0株链霉素抗性基因 (str)突变株中通过初筛获得比诱变出发菌株产素能力提高 2 0 %以上的菌株 2 0 2株。再进一步通过摇瓶复筛 ,获得比出发菌株产素能力分别提高 1     

梅岭霉素高产菌株链霉素抗性基因突变株筛选

通过链霉素对梅岭霉素 (Meilingmycin)产生菌南昌链霉菌NS 41 80菌株孢子致死浓度的测定 ,采用诱变剂EMS 4种不同剂量对菌株孢子进行诱变处理 ,然后涂布在含链霉素致死浓度的高氏平板上 ,获得了大量的链霉素抗性基因 (str)突变株。并进一步筛选到梅岭霉素高产菌株 80 5 1 1 2 2 1 ,在摇瓶条件下 ,只产梅岭霉素不产南昌霉素 ,梅岭霉素活性单位达 1 ,52 1 μg/mL,比NS 41 80的摇瓶发酵单位 855μg/mL提高了 77 9% ,该菌株连续传 6代进行摇瓶发酵     

梧宁霉素产生菌链霉素抗性基因突变株的筛选初报

采用紫外线、亚硝酸、亚硝酸与紫外线复合处理对菌株的孢子进行诱变 ,在含有链霉素最小抑制浓度(4μg/mL)的高氏平板筛选 ,分别得到 114株、110株、12 4株链霉素抗性突变株 ,其中梧宁霉素效价高于出发菌株的分别为 9株、9株、18株 ,正突变率分别达到 7.89%、8.18%、14 .5 2 % ,其中突变株HU 74的效价比出发菌株提高了 12 %。     

链霉素抗性突变——纳他霉素高产菌株的选育研究*

应用链霉素抗性筛选法 ,将经过紫外线诱变处理的纳他霉素生产菌———褐黄孢链霉菌 (StreptomycesgilvosporeusATCC1 332 6的孢子涂布在含有链霉素最小抑制浓度 (0 6μg mL)的培养基平板上 ,获得了 1 2 2株链霉素抗性突变株。其中纳他霉素产量高于出发菌株的有1 3株 ,产量阳性效率达到 1 0 6 % ,同时获得了产抗生素能力为出发菌株 1 46倍的突变株SG 56。     

激光诱变玫瑰孢链霉菌结合链霉素抗性筛选法选育达托霉素高产菌株

将经过20 mW激光辐照20 min的达托霉素(Daptomycin)生产菌株-玫瑰孢链霉菌(Streptomyces roseosporus)D-38的孢子悬液倾注在含有1．9λg／mL链霉素的高氏一号培养平板上。通过链霉素抗性法筛选获得了10％正变率的突变株,其中突变株LC-54摇瓶发酵单位为81．2 mg／L,比出发菌株提高了39％。     

通过获得链霉素抗性基因突变株筛选小诺霉素高产菌株

通过链霉素对小诺霉素产生菌 (Micromonospora purpura) 49 1 2 #菌株孢子致死浓度的测定 ,采用诱变剂EMS 3种不同诱变剂量对菌株的孢子进行诱变处理 ,诱变处理的孢子涂布在含链霉素致死浓度的改良高氏平板上 ,获得大量的链霉素抗性基因突变株 ,然后从链霉素抗性基因突变株进一步筛选小诺霉素高产菌株 ,获得小诺霉素菌株 49 1 2 3菌株。在摇瓶条件下 ,其产小诺霉素生物活性单位比出发菌株 49 1 2 #的摇瓶发酵单位提高了 40 %以上。小诺霉素的组分比由出发菌株的C2b∶C1a的 5∶5提高到 8∶2。C2b有效组分提高了 30 %;链霉素抗性基因突变与小诺霉素发酵单位突变之间 ,小诺霉素正突变率达到 40 %,负突变率达 2 6%,正突变大于负突变     

链霉素抗性突变理性筛选新霉素高产菌株

采用化学诱变剂NTG结合链霉素抗性筛选法获得新霉素高产菌株。出发菌株费氏链霉菌(Streptomyces fradiae)FS1109的孢子悬液经不同剂量的化学诱变剂NTG处理后,涂布在含链霉素最小抑制浓度(3μg/m L)的培养基平板上培养,获得大量的链霉素抗性突变株。经影印法初筛和摇瓶发酵复筛,正突变率高于负突变率,获得一株遗传性状稳定的Streptomyces fradiae Str 63菌株,其新霉素生物活性单位比出发菌株提高了50%以上,且C组分较出发菌株的低。     

Penicillin production and its mode of inheritance inAspergillus nidulans

Previous workers have shown that some strains ofAspergillus nidulans produce penicillin-like substances. In the present studies, shake-flask cultures of 101 wild-type strains ofA. nidulans, representatives of 18 different heterokaryon-compatible groups, were examined and filtrates of most found to inhibit the growth of a strain ofBacillus subtilis sensitive to penicillin, although members of two of these groups had no detectable antibiotic activity. Five strains with antibacterial properties were chosen for detailed investigation as well as two genetically labelled derivatives obtained from one of these after ultraviolet light treatments; one derivative had a similar antibiotic yield to its original wild-type parent but the other was selected as having increased antibiotic yield. The antibiotic produced by these seven strains was by all tested criteria, including chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviour, indistinguishable from penicillin. A heterokaryon test between the two mutants indicated that antibiotic productivity was under nuclear control.     

60Coγ射线诱变褐色高温单孢菌及其在粪便发酵中的应用研究

本试验以褐色高温单孢菌(Therm om onospora fusca)为出发菌株,通过60Coγ射线诱变孢子悬液,采用透明圈法初筛和摇瓶培养复筛的方法,获得了一株纤维素酶高产菌株AV5,与出发菌株相比,其产酶能力提高1.8倍。接种牛粪发酵后,牛粪中粗纤维含量降低率为32.95%,是接种出发菌株相对降解率的1.7倍。     

Actinomyces streptomycini mutants blocked in the biosynthesis of the streptobiosamine portion of the streptomycin molecule

Four low active mutants of Act. streptomycini were obtained under the effect of nitrozo-methylbiuret. The mutants increased their antibiotic production level, when streptobiosamine was present in the formentation medium. It was shown that in 3 out of the 4 mutants the highest antibiotic yield was in the medium containing streptobiosamine in an amount of 1 mg/ml and in 1 strain the highest yield was in the medium with 0.5 mg/ml of streptobiosamine. When the mutants were grown in a medium containing N-methyl-L-glucosamine no increase in streptomycin production was registered.     

ARTP诱变猴头菌株的发酵菌丝体多糖理化性质及体外免疫活性

为探讨常压室温等离子体诱变的3株高产多糖猴头菌和出发菌株的多糖组分差异,通过液体发酵获得的菌丝体经水提、分级醇沉获得8个胞内多糖组分,对它们的理化性质、结构特征及体外免疫活性进行了研究。结果表明,3株ARTP诱变菌株414、321、236菌丝体多糖含量较出发菌株有较明显提升;ARTP诱变的猴头菌20%醇沉多糖组分较出发菌株分子量大,所占比例增加;诱变菌株60%醇沉多糖组分的分子量略大于出发菌株,所占比例相近。20%醇沉多糖主要由半乳糖、葡萄糖、甘露糖构成,诱变菌株该多糖组分中葡萄糖和甘露糖的比例较出发菌株均有明显提升,60%醇沉多糖组分单糖组成无明显差异;8个多糖组分均具有体外刺激巨噬细胞释放NO的活性,其中20%醇沉多糖的活性优于60%醇沉多糖,诱变菌株的生物活性优于出发菌株。本研究探讨了ARTP诱变对猴头菌胞内多糖结构及活性的影响,为猴头菌相关产品的开发提供了优质资源。     

阿维链霉菌的诱变育种

以阿维链霉菌(Streptomyces avermitilis)76-12为出发菌株,采用亚硝基胍、吖啶橙、紫外线和氯化锂分别对其孢子和原生质体进行诱变,经抗代谢物理性筛选,获得一系列高产突变株,其中N-1-2高产突变株的发酵单位是出发菌株的2.47倍。实验中同时获得了只产阿维菌素a组分的突变株G-32、Bla组分含量高的Ave8菌株和产蓝绿色孢子的突变株UA-G等。     

Symbiotic effectiveness of phage-resistant mutants of two strains of Lotus rhizobia

Summary Phage-resistant mutants were obtained from a fast-growing (NZP2037) and a slow-growing (CC814s) strain of Rhizobium nodulating Lotus. All the mutants were stable and did not differ from the original parent strain in their cultural characteristics. OnLotus pedunculatus the mutants of NZP2037 were as effective in N-fixation as the parent strain but most mutants of CC814s were less effective. These mutants of CC814s were also less effective than the parent strain on several other host plants.     

Heavy‐ion mutagenesis significantly enhances enduracidin production by Streptomyces fungicidicus

To improve fermentative production of enduracidin, heavy‐ion beams generated by the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou (HIRFL), China, were employed for the first time to generate mutations in Streptomyces fungicidicus. Initial screening detected 44 positive mutants with larger inhibition zone, which were subsequently tested based on flask fermentation. Finally, 20 mutants showed 20% increase in enduracidin production, when compared with the original strain. Among them, enduracidin production by the three mutants (M13, M30, and M34) was significantly higher than that by the original strain. In particular, mutant M30 exhibited highest enduracidin production, which was 114% higher than that obtained with the original strain. Following culture optimization, the maximal enduracidin yield obtained by M30 reached 918.5 mg/L in 10 days, which was 34% higher than that noted in the control.     

粘杆菌素高产菌株的选育

用亚硝基胍对多粘类芽胞杆菌 (Paenibacilluspolymyxa)AS1.541进行诱变 ,采用其自身次生代谢产物粘杆菌素进行筛选时正突变率为 32.3% ,获得一株粘杆菌素发酵单位比出发菌株提高 106%的菌株。对发酵单位最高的一株菌再次诱变 ,用甲硫氨酸结构类似物乙硫氨酸筛选时正突变率为 46.9%并得到一株产量提高 57%的菌株。     

离子注入麦角甾醇酵母选育及发酵工艺

通过离子注入诱变筛选到产麦角甾醇酵母高产菌,得率较出发菌提高55％～60％。对高产菌进行发酵条件优化,发现其对发酵通氧量有更高的要求,培养基中添加10％的糖或0．1％的Ca（NO3）2对麦角甾醇发酵有明显促进作用。