大学新生戊型肝炎病毒现／近期隐性感染的筛查

为了解大学新生戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)现／近期隐性感染的状况,探讨引起隐性感染与急性戊型肝炎(HE)的HEV毒株间有无差异,本实验利用ELISA一步法检测了正常大学新生血清标本中抗—HEV IgM,对抗—HEV IgM阳性者检测抗—HEV IgG,并进行HEV逆转录一巢式PCR（RT-nPCR)。结果 2223份血清中抗—HEV IgM阳性18份,阳性率0．8％,P/N值在2．0—3．0之间。17份标本抗—HEV IgM、IgG同时阳性,1份抗—HEV IgM单独阳性,但用RT-nPCR检测抗—HEV IgM阳性标本,HEV RNA均阴性。提示正常大学新生中存在HEV现/近期隐性感染,应注意感染者作为传染源的可能性;HEV隐性感染时,产生的抗体滴度或亲和力较低,病毒血症时间短,病毒滴度低,或毒株的基因序列与引起急性HE的毒株的序列有一定差异。     

不同戊肝抗原检测抗—HEV IgM反庆性研究

目的 比较不同戊肝抗原检测抗－HEV IgM反应性,方法 用HEV E30、E42、E33合成肽和HEV ORF－2重组抗原建立酶免疫试验（EIA）检测肝病患者和健康人群中抗－HEV IgM。结果60份抗－HEV阳性血清中,用E30、E42、E33及重组抗原包被检测抗－HEV IgM,阳性率分别为76.6%,26.6%,18.3%,66.7%。用E30抗原进一步检测肝急性期及恢复期血清,抗HEV IgM阳性率为90％及3.3%。结论 以HEV E30为抗原的EIA特异性强、灵敏度高,是戊型肝炎早期诊断实用可靠的方法。     

大学新生戊型肝炎病毒现/近期隐性感染的筛查

为了解大学新生戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)现/近期隐性感染的状况,探讨引起隐性感染与急性戊型肝炎(HE)的HEV毒株间有无差异,本实验利用ELISA一步法检测了正常大学新生血清标本中抗-HEV IgM,对抗-HEV IgM阳性者检测抗-HEV IgG,并进行HEV逆转录-巢式PCR(RT-nPCR). 结果2223份血清中抗-HEV IgM阳性18份,阳性率0.8%,P/N值在2.0~3.0之间.17份标本抗-HEV IgM、IgG同时阳性,1份抗-HEV IgM单独阳性,但用RT-nPCR检测抗-HEV IgM阳性标本, HEV RNA均阴性.提示正常大学新生中存在HEV现/近期隐性感染,应注意感染者作为传染源的可能性;HEV隐性感染时,产生的抗体滴度或亲和力较低,病毒血症时间短,病毒滴度低,或毒株的基因序列与引起急性HE的毒株的序列有一定差异.     

抗—HEV的临床意义

为了探索散发性戊型肝炎抗体的临床意义.采用ELISA方法检测.结果为102份抗-HEV阳性血清中抗-HEV·IgM+72份(占70.6%)、IgG+21份(占20.6%)、双阳性9份(占8.8%);IgM阳性与急性期病程和ALT异常呈现正相关.认为抗-HEV·IgM/IgG临床判断IgM为诊断标志、IgG为感染标志;疫区急性期内再感染可能性极少;城市散发戊肝食源性感染是主要传播方式之一;提示应加强饮食服务卫生管理.     

间接FLISA法检测钩端螺旋体特异性IgM方法的探讨

为研制钩端螺旋体（钩体）特异性IgM检测试剂,并用于早期诊断钩体病,以钩体外膜蛋白为抗原,探索间接ELISA法检测钩体特异性IgM的各项实验条件,并对钩体病患者血清标本进行检测,结果,１０５份健康人血ＩgM阴性,钩体IgM阳性血清可被特异性阻断,２－巯基乙醇破坏试验阳性,试剂存放４℃和３７℃4天的检测结果基本一致,检测临床钩体病人112份血清,IgM阳性83份,阳性率74．11％,与常规TAT法基本一致,0－7病日的阳性率明显高于MAT法,说明该法检测钩体病IgM具有特异,敏感,快速,稳定,简便等优点,对钩体病早期诊断有一定的价值。     

戊型肝炎病毒抗体检测的现状、问题与展望

戊型肝炎病毒(Hepatitis E virus,HEV)感染是包括我国在内发展中国家成人急性肝炎的主要原因,在发达国家戊型肝炎的发病率也在不断升高,且在免疫抑制患者中可引起慢性感染,因此对HEV感染的诊断受到广泛重视。血清学检测,包括抗-HEV IgM和IgG,仍是诊断HEV感染的主要手段,但目前存在的最大问题是检测抗-HEV抗体的试剂之间的敏感性和特异性差异很大,检测结果的符合率差。本文着重综述了国内外常用抗-HEV抗体检测试剂的组成以及检测结果,提出了今后可能有利于提高检测敏感性和特异性的研究构思。     

不同人类免疫缺陷病毒感染途径群体中戊型肝炎病毒的流行情况

本研究旨在了解不同人类免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus,HIV)感染途径群体中戊型肝炎病毒(hepatitis E virus,HEV)抗体情况,探讨HEV疫苗接种的必要性。采集HIV感染者的血清或血浆,利用酶联免疫吸附试验(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)检测HEV IgG抗体、IgM抗体及抗原,荧光定量聚合酶链反应(polymerase chain reaction,PCR)检测HEV核酸,Roche高纯化HIV-1核酸定量检测试剂盒(PCR荧光法)检测HIV感染者的HIV载量。比较分析不同HIV感染途径群体中HEV流行率的差别。结果显示,HIV感染者中HEV IgG抗体的阳性率为37.4%,静脉吸毒、成分献血和传播途径不明HIV感染群体的HEV IgG抗体阳性率分别为49.3%、39.5%和30.4%。HEV核酸荧光PCR检测结果均为阴性。3种HIV感染群体之间HEV IgG抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(χ~2=2.978,P0.05)。HEV IgG阳性与阴性感染者之间HIV载量差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结果提示,为保护HIV感染者免受HEV感染,应考虑接种HEV疫苗。     

尿素解离法降低新型冠状病毒IgM和IgG检测结果假阳性的效果评价

探讨引起新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)免疫球蛋白M(IgM)和免疫球蛋白G(IgG)抗体检测结果假阳性的干扰因素,改良检测方法,完善实验室检测方案。本研究收集2020年1月2日至2020年3月5日就诊于川北医学院附属医院及南充市中心医院的门诊及住院患者血清样本共74份,其中19例为SARS-CoV-2核酸检测确诊阳性,10例为其他呼吸道病毒IgM抗体阳性,10例肝炎病毒抗体IgM阳性,20例类风湿因子IgM阳性,15例抗核抗体阳性。采用胶体金免疫层析法(试剂A、试剂B)分别对研究对象血清进行SARS-CoV-2 IgM和IgG抗体检测,并对结果为SARS-CoV-2 IgM或SARS-CoV-2 IgG阳性的病例进行分析,发现造成检测结果假阳性的可能因素。再采用合适浓度的尿素对检测为阳性结果的血清及3例SARS-CoV-2 IgM阳性的COVID-19早期患者血清进行解离,解离后分别重新测定SARS-CoV-2 IgM、IgG抗体。采用SPSS19.0统计软件对数据进行统计学分析。结果显示,19例COVID-19确诊患者血清中,试剂A检出SARS-CoV-2 IgM、IgG抗体阳性数为15例及18例,试剂B检出SARS-CoV-2 IgM、IgG抗体阳性数均为12例;20例类风湿因子IgM阳性患者血清中,试剂A检出SARS-CoV-2 IgM、IgG抗体阳性数为16例及14例;15例高滴度ANA阳性患者血清中,试剂B检出4例SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗体阳性。尿素解离浓度为2 mol/L时,试剂A检出的RF-IgM阳性血清中的16例SARS-CoV-2 IgM抗体有14例转阴,14例SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗体有13例转阴,而试剂A在COVID-19确诊患者血清中检出的SARS-CoV-2 IgM、IgG抗体均未出现阴转;尿素解离浓度为4 mol/L时,试剂B检出的ANA阳性血清中的4例SARS-CoV-2 IgG抗体全部转阴,而在COVID-19确诊患者血清中检出的的SARS-CoV-2 IgM、IgG抗体均未出现阴转。另外,经过尿素解离后,试剂A和试剂B在3例COVID-19早期患者血清中检出的SARS-CoV-2 IgM抗体也都未出现阴转。本研究提示,IgM型类风湿因子易造成试剂A检测血清SARS-CoV-2 IgM、IgG结果的假阳性;高滴度的ANA抗体也会引起试剂B检测血清SARS-CoV-2 IgG结果的假阳性。对检测结果假阳性的样本,采取尿素解离方案,能有效降低检测过程中假阳性发生的概率;尿素解离法对COVID-19患者发病早期标本检测灵敏度的影响尚待进一步深入研究。     

基因Ⅰ、Ⅳ型戊型肝炎病毒高灵敏度通用引物的设计和初步应用

设计针对国内流行的戊型肝炎病毒(HEV)基因Ⅰ、Ⅳ型,在这两型序列的保守区域设计了一套RT-PCR引物——E引物,并将E引物与目前较常用的3对通用引物(Meng、ConORF1和ConORF2引物)比较了检测基因Ⅰ、Ⅳ型HEV的灵敏度。对基因Ⅰ型HEV,E引物能检出的稀释度为105,参考引物能检出的稀释度为10^2～10^4;对基因Ⅳ型HEV,E引物能检出的稀释度为10^2,参考引物能检出的稀释度为10^1～10^2。在17份HEV-IgM阳性血清中,E引物检出5份,检出率为29．4％;参考引物只能检出1份或2份,检出率最高为11．8％。E引物在33份HEV-IgM阳性的隐性感染血清中检出6份,阳性率18．2％;在79份HEV-IgM阳性的临床肝炎血清中检出36份,阳性率45．6％。以上结果初步表明,对于在国内流行的基因Ⅰ、Ⅳ型HEV,E引物的检测灵敏度要高于目前常用的通用引物。     

内蒙地区发热患者血清中冠状病毒抗体的检测

目的分析内蒙地区发热患者中冠状病毒的感染情况。方法以SARS冠状病毒感染Vero细胞涂片为冠状病毒抗原片,用间接免疫荧光法分别检测55例发热患者和68例正常人血清中冠状病毒的IgG、IgM抗体。结果发热患者血清中冠状病毒IgG抗体和IgM抗体阳性率分别为29.1%(16/55)和10.9%(6/55),而正常人血清中只检测到2.9%(2/68)的IgG抗体,且未检测到IgM抗体,2组患者的IgG和IgM抗体阳性率比较差异均有显著性;随机选取7例患者的IgG阳性血清进行SRAS冠状病毒的特异性抗体封闭实验,结果有6例血清仍为阳性,有1例血清转为阴性,说明冠状病毒IgG抗体阳性血清中85.7%为普通冠状病毒特异性,14.3%为SARS冠状病毒特异性。结论普通冠状病毒是内蒙地区发热患者的主要病原体之一,部分患者还存在SARS冠状病毒的既往感染。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

Chemokines and cytokines: axis and allies in asthma and allergy

Allergic asthma can be precipitated by many factors. For the atopic person, fungus, pollen, dust mites, cockroach antigens, and diesel exhaust are all agents that may trigger an allergic attack. Cytokines and chemokines are integral mediators of fungal asthma. From the earliest time points, they recruit and activate the cells required for the clearance of fungus as well as being critical factors involved in the immunopathology of this disease. In the final analysis, it is clear that these mediators can act to the benefit or the detriment of the host.     

Oxidation and nitration of ribonuclease and lysozyme by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase

In spite of the many studies on protein modifications by reactive species, knowledge about the products resulting from the oxidation of protein-aromatic residues, including protein-derived radicals and their stable products, remains limited. Here, we compared the oxidative modifications promoted by peroxynitrite and myeloperoxidase/hydrogen peroxide/nitrite in two model proteins, ribonuclease (6Tyr) and lysozyme (3Tyr/6Trp). The formation of protein-derived radicals and products was higher at pH 5.4 and 7.4 for myeloperoxidase and peroxynitrite, respectively. The main product was 3-nitro-Tyr for both proteins and oxidants. Lysozyme rendered similar yields of nitro-Trp, particularly when oxidized by peroxynitrite. Hydroxylated and dimerized products of Trp and Tyr were also produced, but in lower yields. Localization of the main modified residues indicates that peroxynitrite decomposes to radicals within the proteins behaving less specifically than myeloperoxidase. Nitrogen dioxide is emphasized as an important protein modifier.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。