National Museum of Plant History of China

ＴｈｅＮａｔｉｏｎａｌＭｕｓｅｕｍｏｆＰｌａｎｔＨｉｓｔｏｒｙｏｆＣｈｉｎａｉｓａｂｒａｎｃｈｏｆｈｅｒｂａｒｉｕｍ,ＩｎｓｔｉｔｕｔｅｏｆＢｏｔａｎｙ,ｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓ．Ｉｔｗａｓｂｕｉｌｔｉｎ１９９６ａｎｄｏｆｆｉｃｉａｌｌｙａｐｐｒｏｖｅｄｂｙｔｈｅＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＡｃａｄｅｍｙｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅｓｉｎ１９９８．ＩｔｗａｓｉｎｓｃｒｉｂｅｄｂｙＺｈｏｕＧｕａｎｇｚｈａｏ,Ｔｈｅｖｉｃｅ -ＣｈａｉｒｍａｎｏｆＳｔａｎｄｉｎｇＣｏｍｍｉｔｔｅｅｏｆＣｈｉｎｅ…     

川东北二叠纪吴家坪期牙形石（刺）序列及其世界对比

对四川省宣汉县渡口和南江县桥亭吴家坪期地层的系统采集和研究结果表明,吴家坪期至少包括７个牙形石带,自下而上为Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｄｕｋｏｕｅｎｓｉｓ带,Ｃ．ａｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃａ带,Ｃ．ｌｅｖｅｎｉ带,Ｃ．ｇｕａｎｙｕａｎｅｎｓｉｓ带,Ｃ．ｔｒａｎｓｃａｕｃａｓｉｃａ带,Ｃ．ｏｒｉｅｎｔａｌｉｓ和Ｃ．ｉｎｆｌｅｃｔａ带。其中,前３个带的层位低于一直作为吴家坪期早期的Ｃ．ｌｉａｎｇｓｈａｎｅｎｓｉｓ带。吴家坪阶的顶界以置于Ｃ．ｉｎｆｌｅｃｔａ带与Ｃ．ｓｕｂｃａｒｉｎａｔａ带之间较妥。同时,建立了Ｃｌａｒｋｉｎａｄｕｋｏｕｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｃ．ａｓｙｍｍｅｔｒｉｃａ,Ｃ．ｂｉｚａｒｒｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｃ．ｄａｘｉａｎｅｎｓｉｓ,Ｃ．ｄｅｍｉｃｏｒｎｉｓ,Ｃ．ｉｎｆｌｅｃｔａ,Ｃ．ｌｏｎｇｉｃｕｓｐｉｄａｔａ等７个新种。     

我国南海海龟资源的调查与保护研究现状与展望

我国南海海龟资源的调查与保护研究现状与展望王亚民（中华人民共和国农业部水产司,北京１０００２６）ＡｃｈｉｅｖｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄＰｅｒｓｐｅｃｔｉｖｅｏｆｔｈｅＲｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｏｎＳｏｕｔｂＣｈｉｎａＳｅａＴｕｒｔｌｅＲｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄＰｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｂｉｎａ￥ＷａｎｇＹａｍｉｎ（ＤｉｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆＳｃｉｅｎｃｅａｎｄＴｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ,ＤｅｐａｒｔｍｅｎｔｏｆＦｉｓｈｅｒｙ,Ｐｅｏｐｌｅ’ｓＲｅｐｕｂｌｉｃｏｆＣｈｉｎａＭｉｎｉｓｔｒｙｏｆＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅ,Ｂｅｉｊｉｎｇ１０００２６）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（６）：６０－６１．ＴｈｉｓｐａｐｅｒｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｅｓｔｈｅｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈｅｓｉｎｆｉｅｌｄｏｆＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａＳｅａｔｕｒｔｌｅｒｅｓｏｕｒｃｅｓａｎｄｐｒｏｔｅｃｔｉｏｎｉｎＣｈｉｎａ．ＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｆｉｖｅｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｓｅａｔｕｒｔｌｅｓｉｎＣｈｉｎａ,ａｂｏｕｔ９０％ｏｆｔｈｅｍｌｉｖｅｉｎＳｏｕｔｈＣｈｉｎａｓｅａ。Ｄｕｒｉｎｇ１９５９－１９８８,３１８４．Ｉｔｓｅａｔｕｒｔｌｅｗｅｒｅｃａｔｃｈｅｄ（ａｂｏｕｔ     

湖北省吨粮田的现状及其投肥效率分析

湖北省吨粮田的现状及其投肥效率分析孙先（华中农业大学,武汉４３００７０）ＣｕｒｒｅｎｔＳｉｔｕａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＦｅｒｔｉｌｉｚａｔｉｏｎＥｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｏｆＨｉｇｈＰｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅＣｒｏｐｌａｎｄｓｉｎＨｕｂｅｉＰｒｏｖｉｎｃｅ￥ＳｕｎＸｉａｎ－ｒｏｎｇ（ＣｅｎｔｒａｌＣｈｉｎａＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒｅＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｗｕｈａｎ４３００７０）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙｌ１９９３,１２（２）：５５－５６．Ｓｉｎｃｅ１９９０,ｔｈｅｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｈｉｇｈｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅｃｒｏｐｌａｎｄｈａｓｂｅｅｎａｃｃｅｌｅｒａｔｅｄａｎｄｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｉｔｓｙｉｅｌｄａｎｄｂｅｎｅｆｉｔｉｎｃｒｅａｓｅｉｓｖｅｒｙｏｂｖｉｏｕｓ,Ｂｕｔ,ｗｈｅｔｈｅｒｈｉｇｈｙｉｅｌｄａｎｄｈｉｇｈｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｃｙｃａｎｂｅｓｙｎｃｈｒｏｎｉｚｅｄｄｅ－ｓｅｒｖｅｓｃｌｏｓｅａｔｔｅｎｔｉｏｎ,Ｉｎｔｈｉｓｒｅｓｅａｒｃｈ,７９ｈｉｇｈｙｉｅｌｄｃｒｏｐｐｉｎｇｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓａｒｅｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｒｅｅｙｅａｒｓｉｎＨｕｂｅｉａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎ     

毛药山茶——中国广东山茶属一新种

毛药山茶　新种　图 1ＣａｍｅｌｌｉａｒｅｎｓｈａｎｘｉａｎｇｉａｅＣ .Ｘ .ＹｅｅｔＸ .Ｑ .Ｚｈｅｎｇ ,ｓｐ .ｎｏｖ . (Ｓｕｂｇｅｎ .ＭｅｔａｃａｍｅｌｌｉａＨ .Ｔ .Ｃｈａｎｇ,Ｓｅｃｔ.ＥｒｉａｎｄｒｉａＣｏｈｅｎ Ｓｔｕａｒｔ) .Ｆｉｇ .1ＳｐｅｃｉｅｓＣ .ｃｒａｔｅｒａｅＨ .Ｔ .ＣｈａｎｇｅｔＣ .ｔｒｉｇｏｎｏｃａｒｐａｅＨ .Ｔ .Ｃｈａｎｇａｆｆｉｎｉｓ,ｓｅｄｉｌｌａｆｌｏｒｉｂｕｓｒｕｂｒｉｓ (ｔｅｓｔｅｎｏｔｕｌａｃｏｌｌｅｃｔｏｒｉｓ) ,ｂｒａｃｔｅｏｌｉｓｓｅｐａｌｉｓｑｕｅｕｔｒｉｎｑ…     

贵州蓑藓属一新种

ＴｈｅｒｅａｒｅｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆＭａｃｒｏｍｉｔｒｉｕｍｉｎＧｕｉｚｈｏｕｐｒｏｖｉｎｃｅＣｈｉｎａ .Ａｍｏｎｇｔｈｅｍ ,2ｓｐｅｃｉｅｓａｒｅｅｎ ｄｅｍｉｃｓｐｅｃｉｅｓ ,Ｍ .ｃａｖａｌｅｒｉｅｒＣａｒｄ＆Ｔｈｅｒ .ａｎｄＭ .ｆｏｒｔｕｎａｔｉｉＣａｒｄ＆Ｔｈｅｒ .Ｄｕｒｉｎｇａｒｅｃｅｎｔｒｅ -ｅｘａｍｉｎａｔｉｏｎｏｆｓｏｍｅＭａｃｒｏｍｉｔｒｉｕｍｓｐｅｃｉｍｅｎｓｆｒｏｍｔｈｉｓｒｅｇｉｏｎ .ＡｔａｘｏｎｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｓｐｅｃｉｅｓｏｆｔｈｅＭ .ｆｅｒｒｉｅｉＣａｒ…     

A mechanism underlying stimulation and inhibition of protein kinase C by lyso-PC: A role of membrane physical state

ＰｒｏｔｅｉｎｋｉｎａｓｅＣｉｓａｃｒｕｃｉａｌｅｎｚｙｍｅｆａｍｉｌｙｉｎｔｈｅｃｏｎｔｒｏｌｏｆｓｉｇｎａｌｔｒａｎｓｄｕｃｔｉｏｎａｎｄｉｓｉｎｖｏｌｖｅｄｉｎｄｉｖｅｒｓｅｃｅｌｌａｃｔｉｏｎｓ[1].ＴｈｅａｃｔｉｖｉｔｙｏｆｃｌａｓｓｉｃａｌＰＫＣ(ｃＰＫＣ),ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｏｎｅｏｆｔｈｅｔｈｒｅｅｓｕｂｇｒｏｕｐｓ,ｎｏｔｏｎｌｙｄｅｐｅｎｄｓｏｎｃａｌｃｉｕｍａｎｄｐｈｏｓｐｈａｔｉｄｙｌｓｅｒｉｎｅ,ｂｕｔａｌｓｏｉｓｒｅｇｕｌａｔｅｄｂｙｄｉａｃｙｌｇｌｙｃｅｒｏｌｓ,ｕｎｓａｔｕｒ…     

A novel liver-directed gene delivery system using an autonomously replicating vector specifically expressed in AFP positive hepatoma cells

Ｔｈｅｃｕｒｒｅｎｔｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｓｏｆｈｅｐａｔｏｃｅｌｌｕｌａｒｃａｒｃｉｎｏｍａ(ＨＣＣ)ａｒｅｄｉｓａｐｐｏｉｎｔｉｎｇａｎｄａｒｅｌｉｍｉｔｅｄｔｏｔｕｍｏｒｒｅｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｒｔｒａｎｓｐｌａｎｔａｔｉｏｎ.ＧｅｎｅｔｈｅｒａｐｙｉｓａｎａｌｔｅｒｎａｔｉｖｅｓｔｒａｔｅｇｙｔｈａｔｈａｓｂｅｅｎｗｉｄｅｌｙｉｎｖｅｓｔｉｇａｔｅｄｆｏｒｔｈｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔｏｆｓｏｌｉｄｔｕｍｏｒｓｌｉｋｅＨＣＣ.Ｈｉｇｈｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆαｆｅｔｏｐｒｏｔｅｉｎ(ＡＦＰ)ｉｓｃｕｒ…     

Correlation between expression of cadherin and gap junctional communication in human lung carcinoma cells

ＣａｄｈｅｒｉｎｓａｒｅｍｅｍｂｒａｎｏｕｓＣａ2+ｄｅｐｅｎｄｅｎｔ,ｈｏｍｏｐｈｉｌｉｃ,ａｄｈｅｓｉｏｎｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓｔｈａｔａｒｅａｓｓｕｍｅｄｔｏｐｌａｙｅｓｓｅｎｔｉａｌｒｏｌｅｓｉｎｃｅｌｌｒｅｃｏｇｎｉｔｉｏｎ,ｃｅｌｌｓｏｒｔｉｎｇ,ｅｍｂｒｙｏｎｉｃｍｏｒｐｈｏｇｅｎｅｓｉｓａｎｄｓｉｇｎａｌｔｒａｎｓｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ[1,2].ＴｈｅｓｅｔｒａｎｓｍｅｍｂｒａｎｅｍｏｌｅｃｕｌｅｓｆｏｒｍａｐｌａｑｕｅｔｈｒｏｕｇｈｉｔｓｃｙｔｏｐｌａｓｍｉｃｄｏｍａｉｎａｔＣｔａｉｌｗｉｔｈｔｈｅ…     

丘陵地区农户生态系统演替分析

丘陵地区农户生态系统演替分析曹凑贵（华中农业大学,武汉４３００７０）ＥｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙＡｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｎＨｏｕｓｅｋｏｌｄＥｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｉｎＨＩＩＩｙＲｅｇｉｏｎｓ￥ＣａｏＣｏｕｇｕｉ（ＣｅｎｔｒａｌＣｈｉｎａＡｇｒｉｃｕｌｄｔｕｒａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙ,Ｗｕｈａｎ４３００７０）．ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＪｏｕｒｎａｌｏｆＥｃｏｌｏｇｙ,１９９３,１２（２）：５３－５４．Ｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｔｙｐｅｈｏｕｓｅｈｏｌｄｅｃｏｓｙｓｔｅｍｓａｎｄｔｈｅｉｒｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎａｒｙｃｏｒｒｅｌａｔｉｏｎｓａｒｅａｎａｌｙｚｅｄｕｓｉｎｇｆｕｚｚｙｃｌｕｓｔｅｒｉｎｇａｎｄｓｙｓｔｅｍｓｙｎｔｈｅｔｉｃｅｖｏｌｕｔｉｏｎｍｅｔｈｏｄｓ,Ｔｈｅｃａｕｓｅａｎｄｄｉｒｅｃｔｉｏｎｏｆａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｉｎｈｉｌｌｙｒｅｇｉｏｎｓａｒｅｒｅｖｅａｌｅｄａｎｄｓｕｇｇｅｓｔｉｏｎｓｏｎｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｉｎｇｅｃｏ－ａｇｒｉｃｕｌｔｕｒａｌｃｏｎｓｔｒｕｃｔｉｏｎｉｎｌｏｗｅｒｐｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｖｅｈｉｌｌｙｒｅｇｉｏｎｓａｒｅｍａｄｅ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：ｈｏ     

海南植物区系的多样性

记载海南维管束植物的多样性,表明蕨类植物区系已有古生代和中生代的孑遗,又有白垩纪以来的现代蕨类,它们都存在着许多特有种;裸子植物则以泛热带成分及华夏成分为主;有花植物包括全球植物区系8个植物区的成分,而以热带成分及全球性分布成分最多。最后,文章分析了海南植物区系多样性的地史背景及自然条件的因素。     

海南植物区系的多样性

记载海南维管束植物的多样性,表明蕨类植物区系已有古生代和中生代的孑遗,又有白垩纪以来的现代蕨类,它们都存在着许多特有种;裸子植物则以泛热带成分及华夏成分为主;有花植物包括全球植物区系8个植物区的成分,而以热带成分全球性分布成分最多。最后,文章分析了海南植物区系多样性的地史背景及自然条件的因素。     

牧民对高寒牧区生态环境的感知——以甘南牧区为例

地处青藏高原的甘南牧区是典型的生态敏感区,牧民作为牧区最主要的经济活动主体与最基本的决策单位,其对生态环境的认识和响应影响着牧区的生态安全.采用参与性农户评估方法(PRA)对甘南牧区的97户牧民家庭进行了调查,并根据分布区域将其分成纯牧区牧户和半农半牧区牧户两组,就牧民的环境意识、对环境变化的感知、对环境变化原因的认识进行比较分析,基于分析结果,提出了相关的政策建议.研究结果表明:研究区牧民对生态环境重要性的认识非常明确,但在生产中却较少真正考虑对生态环境的影响;与20a前相比,85%的牧户认为生态环境有所恶化,纯牧区牧户的感受更为深刻;对于生态环境恶化的原因,超过40%的牧户认为是超载过牧,其次是破坏植被(22.68%)和气候变化(18.56%).两组牧户对于生态环境恶化原因的认识具有一定差别,纯牧区牧户认为主要原因是过度放牧及气候变化,半农半牧区牧户认为是过度放牧与破坏植被、滥垦土地.     

宏基因组学在胃肠道微生物研究中的应用

动物胃肠道中普遍存在大量共生微生物群,对于它们的研究一直受制于纯培养技术。随着分子生物学的快速发展及其在微生物学及生态学上的应用,针对未培养微生物研究的一门新型学科——宏基因组技术应运而生并迅速发展。通过提取胃肠道粘膜表面以及内容物中微生物DNA,构建总DNA文库的方法,利用基因组学的研究策略,来研究胃肠道中微生物遗传组成及群落功能。宏基因组技术在胃肠道微生物研究中广泛的应用,对于医学、生态学、生物能源利用等领域的研究具有重大的价值。     

Today's Customary International Law of the Sea

International courts and tribunals, governments, and scholars over the past half-century (many in the past two decades) have identified various provisions of the 1958 and 1982 treaties on the law of the sea that are customary international law and thus binding on all states, including those not party to these treaties. This article systematically collects these opinions and identifies provisions that have not yet attracted their attention.     

Then and Now: Reappraising Freedom of the Seas in Modern Law of the Sea

The principle of freedom of the seas remains the governing paradigm of the high seas in modern law of the sea. Although the principle, as embraced by the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC), is no longer an absolute norm, it continues to present fundamental challenges for achieving effective conservation on the high seas as it stands in direct contrast to the conservation duty imposed on states by LOSC. The recent UN General Assembly resolution calling for the adoption of a further Implementing Agreement under LOSC to address conservation on the high seas, highlights the need to build a new ethos for management of the high seas, which will require states to loosen their firm grip on the Grotian doctrine. This article seeks to contribute toward shifting attitudes in relation to the principle of freedom through an examination of the nature and scope of the principle in its historic context and in contemporary law of the sea.     

Prediction of protein local structures and folding fragments based on building-block library

In recent years, protein structure prediction using local structure information has made great progress. In this study, a novel and effective method is developed to predict the local structure and the folding fragments of proteins. First, the proteins with known structures are split into fragments. Second, these fragments, represented by dihedrals, are clustered to produce the building blocks (BBs). Third, an efficient machine learning method is used to predict the local structures of proteins from sequence profiles. Finally, a bi-gram model, trained by an iterated algorithm, is introduced to simulate the interactions of these BBs. For test proteins, the building-block lattice is constructed, which contains all the folding fragments of the proteins. The local structures and the optimal fragments are then obtained by the dynamic programming algorithm. The experiment is performed on a subset of the PDB database with sequence identity less than 25%. The results show that the performance of the method is better than the method that uses only sequence information. When multiple paths are returned, the average classification accuracy of local structures is 72.27% and the average prediction accuracy of local structures is 67.72%, which is a significant improvement in comparison with previous studies. The method can predict not only the local structures but also the folding fragments of proteins. This work is helpful for the ab initio protein structure prediction and especially, the understanding of the folding process of proteins.     

关于"探究问题"的课题开展及思考

“探究问题”的课题研究,让学生学会如何收集、处理和提取信息,如何运用相关知识分析和解决实际问题,如何与他人交流与合作,如何表述或展示研究的成果等等,达到学以致用的目的。     

A primer of community ecology using the R language

Community ecology beginners often struggle to understand theories expressed in complex mathematical formulas and to master computer programming. To remedy this situation, this article provides a practical, R-based introduction to community ecology by illustrating core concepts (vital rates, carrying capacity, and density dependence) and models that can be used to explore the patterns of species abundance and diversity. The structure of this article consists of three modeling exercises, each asking a general question that can be answered by a combination of theory and R programming: (1) what determines the abundance of species, and what makes a population persist and go extinct?; (2) what determines the distribution of species and species diversity?; (3) what determines the relative abundance of species and what allows species to coexist? Through the exercises, I discuss the following five concepts and ideas that provide valuable insights into the questions: (i) the tragedy of the commons, (ii) the theory of island biogeography, (iii) competitive exclusion, (iv) the neutral theory of biodiversity, and (v) frequency dependence. These materials are thus designed to guide the reader in developing an intuition for ecological thinking that will help capture the essence of the global environmental and biodiversity crisis. Although this article does not delineate the scope and depth of the vast field of community ecology, I hope that it will motivate the reader to step up to a more formal introduction to community ecology.