甜菜树属--我国云南产山柚子科一原始新属及其植物地理学意义

报道了我国云南红河流域山柚子科的一个原始新属－－甜菜树属,该属具大型圆锥花序,两性,是Ｌｅｐｉｏｎｕｒｕｓ,Ｍｅｌｉｅｎｔｈａ和Ｃｈａｍｐｅｕｅｉａ３个单型属的祖型,远远无疑起源于康滇古陆即今之云南高原,其发现对山柚子科的起源分化具重要意义。     

中国安息香科一新属──长果安息香属

本文描述了安息香科－新属──长果安息香属,并对新组合长果安息香的原始描述作了修订。本属与秤锤树属近缘,但村干无茎刺,具鳞芽,总状花序伞形,花无苞片,四基数,花萼管顶端平截,花冠４深裂,雄蕊８,等长,药隔不突出,子房半下位,柱头不分裂,果实特长,密被长柔毛,上部果喙细长,中部倒卵形,具８条纵梭,下部渐狭,延长成柄状,可以区别。本属的芽具鳞片,花无苞片,四基数,与银钟花属相似,但后者的花萼管顶端具４裂片,雄蕊８～１６,不等长,子房下位,柱头４分裂,果实无毛,具４或２翅和缩存花柱基部,无果喙,与前者明显不同。文中还给出了安息香科分属检索表。     

中国安息香科——新属———长果安息香属

本文描述了安息香科－新属－－长果安息香属,并对新组合和安息香的原始描述作了修订。本属与秤锤树属近缘,但树干无茎刺,具鳞芽,总状花序伞形,花无苞片,四基数,花萼管顶端平截,花冠４深裂,雄蕊８,等长,药隔不突出,子房半下位,柱头不分裂,果实特长,密被长柔毛,上部果喙细长,中部倒卵形,具８条纵梭,下部渐狭,延长成柄状,可以区别。本属的芽具鳞片,花无苞片,四基数,与银钟花属相似,但后者的花萼管顶端具４裂片     

昆栏树属、水青树属和领春木属花粉形态的研究

昆栏树属(Trochodendron)、水青树属(Tetracentron)和领春木属(Euptelea)是一群 种数少而较原始的被子植物。它们主要分布于我国。 对于它们的系统位置存在着不同的看 法。因此本研究的目的,一方面为讨论系统位置时提供孢粉学的资料,另一方面也可为鉴定化 石花粉提供依据。 从花粉形态看,支持这三个属分别成立三个科。昆栏树属和水青树属花粉具三沟,而木兰科为单槽类型,因此不同意把它们放在木兰科(或目)。领春木属花粉具皱(rugate),皱膜上具粗颗粒(短条),如果皱进一步缩短和增加数目,类似于金缕梅科某些属,因此支持ronquist (1968)把领春木科放在金缕梅目。Hutchinson(1969)把昆栏树属和领春木属放在同一科(昆栏树科),从形态结构,导管存在与否,染色体数目,这两属差异较大,同时花粉的形态差别也较大,本文不支持这种观点。     

中国甲蟋属记述(直翅目:蟋蟀科)

甲蟋属Acanthoplistus Saussure,1877隶属于蟋蟀总科、蟋蟀科。以前Chopard等蟋蟀分类专家曾根据此属的外部形态特征将其归于铁蟋科,1983年Gorochov l研究其外生殖器后认为Acanthoplistus属应属于蟋蟀科更为合理。其属征是前胸背板方形,盘区前缘向后凹星缓弧形,后缘平直,盘区和侧叶之间具明显纵隆线;足短,侧扁,后胫节具刺     

延龄草科四属花粉形态的研究

对延龄草科重楼属Paris L.延龄草属Trillium L.Medeola L.属和Scoliopus Torr.属以及百合科百合属Ｌilium L.和萱草属Ｈemerocallis L.花粉进行了光镜和电镜的观察和比较。结果表明,在延龄草科中,重楼属,Medeola属和Scoliopus属花粉具有较多的相似性：具单一远极沟,极面观椭圆形,外壁为网状纹饰或皱波－网状纹饰。而延龄草属花粉与它们的差异则较大,为圆形,无萌发孔,外壁非网状纹饰,而是颗粒状,疣状,芽孢状,星状和微刺状等纹饰。百合属中的Lilium michauxii和萱草属中的金针菜Hemerocallis citrina花粉均为单一远极沟,外壁表面为网状纹饰。但其网脊特别粗,具不规则突起并形成棱角（H.citina)或由许多排列成念珠状的、形状不一的分子组成（Lilium michauxii),结构特别复杂。就其萌发孔类型和纹饰特征看,它们与延龄草科中的重楼属,Medeola属和Scoliopus属花粉具有较多的性。花粉外壁的层次结构在延龄草科各属之间（延龄草属除外）,甚至在延龄草科与百合科之间均没有多大的差异。     

俞藤属—葡萄科一新属

作者在研究中国葡萄科植物过程中发现分布于中国亚热带、尼泊尔和印度卡西山区一些植物种自成一类,与葡萄科现有属的定义不符,命名为一新属-愈藤属（YuaC.L.Li)。文中讨论了它与爬山虎属（Parthenocissus Planch.)、崖爬藤属（TetrastigmaPlanch.)、乌蔹莓属（CayratiaJuss.)和蛇葡萄属（Ampelopsis Michx.)的区别,并在野外和栽培条件下观察了某些重要属级鉴定性状在个体发育过程中的表现,以证明其可靠。为了正确鉴定这个属和种类,给出了包括这些属在内的国产葡萄科植物分属检索表和该属的分种检索表,最后,讨论了俞藤属的地理分布及其意义。     

二爪螨属和中Xue螨属各一新种（蜱螨亚纲，前爪螨科，Xue螨科）

记述尾足螨股前爪螨科二爪螨属1新种,具齿二爪螨Dinychus dentatus sp.nov．和革螨股Xue螨科中Xue螨属1新种,敦化中Xue螨Mesozercon dunhuaensis sp．nov．,中Xue螨属在中国为首次记录。     

睡莲科三属植物叶的比较解剖学研究

报道了睡莲科的睡莲属、莼菜属和萍蓬草属三属植物叶的比较解剖学特征。结果表明,莼菜属叶柄仅具一个维管束,其余二个属均有数个维管束,且维管束为有限的、星散排列,这一特征与单子叶植物的很相似;叶柄基本组织中,除萍蓬草属无气道外,其它两个属均有气道;在睡莲属和萍蓬草属中存在星状石细胞,而莼菜属中则无此细胞;莼菜属和萍蓬草属具腺毛,睡莲属无腺毛。由于睡莲科此三属植物叶的解剖学特点存在很大的差异,因此认为睡莲科的这三属可能来源于不同的祖先,因此建议将莼菜属和萍蓬草属从睡莲科中分离出来。分别独立为莼菜科和萍蓬草科。     

樟科两个近缘属润楠属和楠木属花粉形态的比较研究

通过扫描电镜观察对樟科润楠属13个种和近缘属楠木属5个种的花粉形态进行了比较研究。结果显示:两个属的花粉均属鳄梨型,即:花粉粒辐射对称、无极性、球形,外壁具明显的刺、薄壁区或小穿孔,通常刺小而密集。首次报道了润楠属与楠木属有的种类如Machilusyunnanensis、M.litseifolia、Phoebepandulata和Ph.zhennan等植物的花粉有圆形垫状隆起。两个属花粉形态的微观差异主要表现在小刺的长度、刺基部是否膨大以及垫状隆起的类型等方面。还讨论了这两个近缘属在花粉微观形态的多样性及其系统学意义。     

Phytoecdysones from Parana discifera

From the aerial parts of Parana discifera, 10 phytoecdysones, β- ecdysterone (1) and its 2 -acetate (2) , 3 - acetate (3), 25 - acetate (4) ,2,3- acetonide (5) , 20, 22 - acetonide (6) , and 2 -deoxyecdysterone (7) and its 20, 22 - acetonide (8), 3-O-β-D- glucopyranoside (9) and posterone (10) were isolated. They have no anti - inflammatory, analgesic, sedative, anti - convulsant and anti -cerebra- hypoxic activities in animal testing with Kunming mice.     

攀援孔药花化学成分研究

从攀援孔药花全草95%乙醇提取物中首次分离得到19个化合物,通过波谱数据或与已知物对照,它们分别鉴定为:(2S,3S,4R)-2-[(2R)-2-羟基-二十一酰胺基]-二十一烷-1,3,4-三醇(1)、(2S,3S,4R)-2-二十四酰胺基-十八烷-1,3,4-三醇(2)、胡萝卜甙(3)、β-谷甾醇(4)、(20S,22E,24R)-5α,8α-表二氧-麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(5)、6β-羟基-豆甾-4-烯-3-酮(6)、十六烷酸-1-甘油酯(7)、桦木酸(8)、大黄素(9)、二十二烷酸-1-甘油酯(10)、对羟基苯甲醛(11)、十七烷酸-1-甘油酯(12)、金色酰胺醇乙酸酯(13)、十九烷酸-1-甘油酯(14)、棕榈酸(15)(、E)-p-香豆酸(16)、(22E,24S)-24-甲基-5α-胆甾-7,22-二烯-3β,5α,6β-三醇(17)、2-去氧-β-蜕皮激素(18)和auranamide(19)。     

An improved synthesis of (20R,22R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,20,22-triol, an intermediate in steroid hormone formation and an activator of nuclear orphan receptor LXR alpha.

Asymmetric dihydroxylation of (20(22)E)-cholesta-5,20(22)-dien-3beta-ol acetate (2a), prepared from pregnenolone, gave a 1:1 mixture (67% yield) of (20R,22R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,20,22-triol 3-acetate (3a) and its 20S,22S isomer 3b. Highly purified 3a and 3b were obtained by semipreparative silver ion high performance liquid chromatography. Saponification of 3a and 3b gave (20R,22R)-cholest-5-ene-3beta,20,22-triol (4a) and its 20S,22S isomer 4b. This simple approach provided the natural isomer 4a more efficiently than previously described chemical or enzymatic syntheses. Full 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance data were presented for triols 4a and 4b and their synthetic precursors. Side-chain conformations of 2a, its 20(22)Z isomer, 4a, and 4b were studied by molecular mechanics and nuclear Overhauser effect difference spectroscopy.     

青灰叶下珠内生菌Phomopsis sp.TJ507A的化学成分及生物活性研究

为探究药用植物青灰叶下珠(Phyllanthus glaucus)来源内生真菌拟茎点霉(Phomopsis sp. TJ507A)的化学成分,本实验联合运用硅胶柱色谱、ODS柱色谱、凝胶柱色谱(Sephadex LH-20)、半制备型高效液相色谱(HPLC)等分离技术,从该菌株大米固体发酵产物的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到4个倍半萜化合物phomophyllin O(1)、phomophyllin P(2)、7-hydroxy-10-methoxydehydrodihydrobotrydial(3)、plorantinone D(4)和8个甾体化合物fortis-terol(5)、dankasterone B(6)、(14α,22E)-14-hydroxy-ergosta-7,22-diene-3,6-dione(7)、(14α,22E)-14-hydroxyerg-osta-4,7,22-triene-3,6-dione(8)、calvasterol B(9)、isocyathisterol(10)、ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one(11)和ganodermaside D(12)。化合物1和2为新化合物,运用现代波谱分析技术、[Rh2(OCOCF3)4]络合诱导ECD法及与文献对比等方法,鉴定了化合物1和2的结构和绝对构型。化合物1～5、7、8和10均为首次从该属真菌中分离得到。通过体外生物活性评价,发现化合物9具较强的NO生成抑制活性(IC508. 7μM)。     

Triamcinolone acetonide regulates glucocorticoid-receptor levels by decreasing the half-life of the activated nuclear-receptor form

Glucocorticoid-receptor activation in GH1 cells results from the conversion of a 10 S oligomeric cytosolic form to a 4-5 S nuclear-binding species (Raaka, B. M., and Samuels, H. H. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 417-425). In this study, we report that triamcinolone acetonide (9 alpha-fluoro-11 beta, 16 alpha, 17 alpha, 21-tetrahydroxypregna-1,4-diene-3,20-dione 16,17-acetonide) elicits a time- and dose-dependent reduction of total-cell (nuclear + cytoplasmic) receptor. The mechanism of receptor regulation was studied by dense amino acid labeling of receptor using media containing 2H, 13C, and 15N-labeled amino acids. Total cell receptor was extracted with 0.4 M KCl and newly synthesized dense receptor was separated from pre-existing receptor of normal density by centrifugation in gradients of 15-30% sucrose (w/v) in D2O. Receptor levels in cells grown without [3H]triamcinolone acetonide was 260 +/- 19 fmol/100 micrograms of DNA (16,000 molecules/cell), and, with 10 nM [3H]triamcinolone acetonide, this decreased to 130 +/- 14 fmol/100 micrograms of DNA after 30 h. Receptor half-life was 19 +/- 1.9 h in the absence and 9.5 +/- 0.3 h in the presence of triamcinolone acetonide and accounted for the decrease in steady-state receptor levels. Receptor synthesis was 9.7 +/- 0.3 fmol/100 micrograms of DNA/h (580 molecules/cell/h) both in the presence and absence of 10 nM [3H]triamcinolone acetonide. Triamcinolone acetonide reduced the half-life in proportion to the extent of receptor occupancy and activation. During the approach to steady-state conditions, 10 nM [3H]triamcinolone acetonide shortened receptor half-life almost immediately to the value in cells grown with [3H]triamcinolone acetonide for 24 h or longer. Cycloheximide did not prevent the triamcinolone acetonide-mediated decrease in receptor half-life and the shortening of receptor half-life is rapidly reversed by removal of hormone. These studies support a model of receptor regulation in which triamcinolone acetonide converts the unactivated 10 S receptor to the activated 4-5 S form which is degraded at an increased rate by the cell.     

Massarilactones E-G, new metabolites from the endophytic fungus Coniothyrium sp., associated with the plant Artimisia maritima

Three new massarilactones E-G (1-3) and the massarilactone acetonide (4) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the endophytic fungus Coniothyrium sp., associated with the plant Artimisia maritima. Their structures were determined by analysis of the 1D and 2D NMR and mass spectroscopic data. The structure of massarilactones E (1) was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis, and its absolute configuration determined by the solid-state CD/TDDFT method.     

Nuclear Overhauser effect studies of the conformations of MgATP bound to the active and secondary sites of muscle pyruvate kinase

MgATP binds both at the active site (site 1) and at a secondary site (site 2) on each monomer of muscle pyruvate kinase as previously found by binding studies and by X-ray analysis. Interproton distances on MgATP bound at each site have been measured by the time-dependent nuclear Overhauser effect in the absence and presence of phosphoenolpyruvate (P-enolpyruvate), which blocks ATP binding at site 1. Interproton distances at site 2 are consistent with a single conformation of bound ATP with a high antiglycosidic torsional angle (chi = 68 +/- 10 degrees) and a C3'-endo ribose pucker (delta = 90 +/- 10 degrees). Interproton distances at site 1, determined in the absence of P-enolpyruvate by assuming the averaging of distances at both sites, cannot be fit by a single adenine-ribose conformation but require the contribution of at least three low-energy structures: 62 +/- 10% low anti (chi = 30 degrees), C3'-endo; 20 +/- 8% high anti (chi = 55 degrees), O1'-endo; and 18 +/- 8% syn (chi = 217 degrees), C2'-endo. Although a different set of ATP conformations might also have fit the interproton distances, the mixture of conformations used also fits previously determined distances from Mn2+ to the protons of ATP bound at site 1 [Sloan, D. L., & Mildvan, A. S. (1976) J. Biol. Chem. 251, 2412] and is similar to the adenine-ribose portion of free Co(NH3)4ATP, which consists of 35% low anti, 51% high anti, and 14% syn [Rosevear, P. R., Bramson, H. N., O'Brian, C., Kaiser, E. T., & Mildvan, A. S. (1983) Biochemistry 22, 3439].(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

2'(3')-O-L-Phenylalanyl derivatives of N2,5'-anhydroformycin and N4,5'-anhydroformycin: new substrates for ribosomal peptidyltransferase with a fixed anti and syn conformation of the base

The 2'(3')-O-L-phenylalanyl-N2,5'-anhydroformycin (1c) and 2'(3')-O-L-phenylalanyl-N4,5'-anhydroformycin (2c), obtained by chemical synthesis, are substrates for ribosomal peptidyltransferase from Escherichia coli. Nucleoside 1c, which mimics an anti conformation of antibiotic formycin, has 80% of the acceptor activity of puromycin at 5 x 10(-4) M determined by the release of N-Ac-Phe residue from the 70 S ribosome-poly(U)-N-Ac-[14C]Phe-tRNA complex. The reaction product, 2'(3')-O-(N-acetyl)-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-N2,5'-anhydroformyc in (1d), was characterized by paper electrophoresis before and after alkaline hydrolysis. By contrast, nucleoside 2c, which resembles a syn conformation of formycin, exhibited only 20% of the acceptor activity of puromycin at 5 x 10(-4) M. The results which are in accord with previous models have shown that a substrate with its base in an anti conformation is preferable for the acceptor site of peptidyltransferase than the corresponding syn counterpart. Nevertheless, it is possible that an intermediate conformation, for example, high anti (amphi-minus), is an optimal arrangement for acceptor site substrates.     

石山巴豆枝叶的化学成分研究

石山巴豆( Croton euryphyllus)为大戟科( Euphorbiaceae)巴豆属( Croton)植物,主要分布于西南各省的岩溶石山地区,民间用于杀虫和治疗跌打损伤。为了阐明其化学物质基础,该研究采用硅胶柱层析、Sephadex LH-20、HPLC等方法对石山巴豆枝叶醇提物进行分离纯化。结果表明：共分离得到16个化合物,分别鉴定为异毛叶巴豆萜(1), jatrophoidin (2),山藿香定(3),异山藿香素(4),山藿香素(5),赖百当-13-烯-8,15-二醇(6),7-酮基-β-谷甾醇(7),(22E)-5α,8β-表二氧麦角甾-6,22-二烯-3β-醇(8),豆甾烷-4-烯-6β-醇-3-酮(9),齐墩果烷-12-烯-2α,3β-二醇(10),东莨菪内酯(11),催吐萝芙木醇(12), lyratol F (13),罗布麻酚A (14),芹菜素(15),金色酰胺醇酯(16)。所有化合物均为首次从该植物中分离得到,其中化合物8－16为首次从巴豆属中发现。     

Phytoecdysteroids from the juice of Serratula coronata L. (Asteraceae).

Seven phytoecdysteroids have been isolated from Serratula coronata L. One of them is a new phytoecdysteroid, 3-epi-20-hydroxyecdysone. Two further ecdysteroids, 20-hydroxyecdysone 22-acetate and taxisterone, are isolated from this species for the first time in addition to the typical S. coronata ecdysteroids, 20-hydroxyecdysone, ecdysone, ajugasterone C and polypodine B. The juice squeezed from aerial parts of fresh plants of S. coronata was extracted with ethyl acetate. The ecdysteroids were isolated by a combination of chromatographic techniques (mainly HPLC) and identified by 1D and 2D (1)H and (13)C NMR experiments and mass-spectrometry. The biological activities of 3-epi-20-hydroxyecdysone (EC(50)=1.6 x 10(-7) M), taxisterone (EC(50)=9.5 x 10(-8) M) and ajugasterone C (EC(50)=6.2 x 10(-8) M) have been determined in the Drosophila melanogaster B(II) bioassay for ecdysteroid agonist activity.