Photosynthetic nitrogen and water use efficiency of acacia and eucalypt seedlings as afforestation species

The ecophysiological traits of acacia and eucalypt are important in assessing their suitability for afforestation. We measured the gas-exchange rate, the leaf dry mass per area (LMA) and the leaf nitrogen content of two acacia and four eucalypt species. Relative to the eucalypts, the acacias had lower leaf net photosynthetic rate (P _N), lower photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE), higher water-use efficiency (WUE), higher LMA and higher leaf nitrogen per unit area (N _area). No clear differences were observed within or between genera in the maximum rate of carboxylation (V _cmax) or the maximum rate of electron transport (J _max), although these parameters tended to be higher in eucalypts. PNUE and LMA were negatively correlated. We conclude that acacias with higher LMA do not allocate nitrogen efficiently to photosynthetic system, explaining why their P _N and PNUE were lower than in eucalypts.     

黄土高原油松和刺槐叶片光合生理适应性比较

以黄土高原地区由南向北分布的杨凌、永寿、富县、安塞、米脂、神木等县为研究地点，研究不同地区油松和刺槐的光合特性与叶结构性状间的关系.结果表明，不同地区油松针叶和刺槐叶片的净光合速率（P_n）、光合氮利用效率（PNUE）、水分利用效率（WUE）、比叶质量（LMA）、氮含量（N_mass）和叶绿素相对含量（Chl）差异均达极显著水平（P＜0.001）,说明不同地区油松和刺槐的光合能力和叶结构性状参数差异很大.由南向北，油松的P_n、WUE和PNUE呈略微增加趋势，而刺槐则呈显著降低趋势，表明油松在干旱生境下仍能维持较高的光合能力，而刺槐光合能力明显受到抑制；油松和刺槐的LMA均呈略微上升趋势，而N_mass和Chl均呈略微下降趋势，且刺槐的变化幅度高于油松，说明油松从生理代谢和叶结构性状上对干旱环境的适应能力均强于刺槐.相关分析表明，不同地区油松和刺槐的LMA与N_mass整体上呈极显著负相关；P_n、PNUE与LMA、N_mass相关不显著，与Chl呈极显著正相关；WUE与LMA呈显著负相关（P＜0.05），与N_mass呈显著正相关.     

Leaf trait co‐variation,response and effect in a chronosequence

Question: Is there any generality in terms of leaf trait correlations and the multiple role of leaf traits (response to and/or effect on) during secondary succession? Location: A secondary successional sere was sampled at four different ages since abandonment from several years to nearly 150 years on the Loess Plateau of northwestern China. Method: Specific leaf area (SLA), leaf mass per area (LMA), leaf nitrogen (N_mass, N_area), leaf phosphorus (P_mass, P_area) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC) were measured for all species recorded in the successional sere. Above‐ground net primary productivity (ANPP) and specific rate of litter mass loss (SRLML) were measured as surrogates for ecosystem properties. Soil total carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) were measured in each stage. Leaf traits were related to ecosystem properties and soil nutrient gradients, respectively. Results: LMA is correlated with N_area and P_area' and negatively with N_mass. Correlation between N_area and P_area was higher than between N_mass and P_mass. At the community level, field age, community hierarchy and their interaction explain 64.4 ‐ 93.5% of the variation in leaf traits. At the species level, field age explains 22.4 ‐ 45.5% of the variation in leaf traits (excl. P_area) while plant functional group has a significant effect only for N_mass. LDMC is correlated with ANPP and negatively with SRLML; P_mass is correlated with SRLML. Conclusions: Mean values of LMA, N_mass and N_area are close to the worldwide means, suggesting that large‐scale climate has a profound effect on leaf mass and leaf nitrogen allocation, while environmental gradients represented by succession have little influence on leaf‐trait values. Correlations between leaf traits, such as LMA‐N_area, LMA‐P_area and LMA‐N_mass shown in previous studies, are confirmed here. Although none of the leaf traits is proved to be both a response trait and an effect trait independent of time scale and community hierarchy, mass‐based leaf N is likely a sensitive response trait to soil C and N gradients. In addition, LDMC can be a marker for ANPP and SRLML, while mass‐based leaf P can be a marker for SRLML.     

氮磷添加对金露梅叶片化学计量及光合特征的影响

通过三种养分添加处理,氮添加(5、10和15 g??m-2)、磷添加(梯度同氮添加)、氮磷同时添加[(5 g N＋5 g P)??m-2、(10 g N＋10 g P)??m-2、(15 g N＋15 g P)??m-2],对照(无养分添加),探讨养分添加对金露梅叶片性状氮含量(Nmas )、磷含量(Pmas )、氮磷比(N∶P)、比叶重(LMA)、净光合速率(Pn )和光合氮利用效率(PNUE)的影响,以及各性状之间的相互关系.结果表明：在处理水平上,除N或P显著提高金露梅叶片的N∶P外,氮、磷添加对叶片其它性状无显著影响;不同氮、磷处理下添加水平对金露梅叶片的Nmas、N∶P、Pn和PNUE均有显著影响,随着养分水平提高,各性状的变化模式各不相同,叶片Pmas无明显变化,而叶片LMA虽有降低的趋势但不显著.回归分析表明,叶片Pmas与Nmas之间呈显著正相关(R2＝0．347,P＜0．001),叶片Nmas 与N∶P之间也呈显著正相关(R2＝0．018,P＜0．05),而叶片Pmas与N∶P呈显著负相关(R2＝0．505,P＜0．001);叶片LMA与Pn之间显著负相关(R2＝0．02,P＜0．05),而与PNUE之间显著正相关(R2＝0．077,P＜0．001).这表明在一定范围内,环境变化可以改变金露梅叶片的养分保持能力、光合能力以及养分利用效率.     

Spatial patterns of leaf nutrient traits of the plants in the Loess Plateau of China

The spatial patterns of leaf nutrient traits of plants in seven sites, Yangling, Yongshou, Tongchuan, Fuxian, Ansai, Mizhi and Shenmu, standing from south to north in the Loess Plateau of China, were studied. The results showed that of the 126 plant samples in the Loess Plateau, the mean leaf organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were 43.8, 2.41, 0.16 and 1.67%, respectively, and ranked in the order of C > N > K > P. Leaf C, N, P and K ranged from 32.6 to 54.8%, 0.82 to 4.58%, 0.06 to 0.35%, and 0.24 to 4.21%, respectively. The mean leaf C/N, C/P and N/P ratios were 21.2, 312 and 15.4, respectively. It is indicated that leaf N in the Loess Plateau was significantly higher than those in Chinese and global flora, but leaf P was significantly lower than that in global flora, which resulted in a higher N/P ratio in the Loess Plateau. The results also showed that leaf C, N, P, K, C/N and C/P ratios varied significantly among the seven life-form groups, which were trees, shrubs, herbages, evergreen trees, deciduous trees, C₃ and C₄ herbages, but leaf N/P ratio differed little among the seven life-forms. In the sampled species in the Loess Plateau, leaf C was negatively correlated with leaf N, P and K, while leaf N, P and K were positively correlated with one another. In general, leaf N/P ratio increased as the latitude and annual solar radiation increased and the mean annual rainfall and mean annual temperature decreased.     

Photosynthesis, leaf morphology and chemistry of Pinus koraiensis and Quercus mongolica in broadleaved Korean pine mixed forest

Leaf traits and physiology are species-specific and various with canopy position and leaf age. Leaf photosynthesis, morphology and chemistry in the upper and lower canopy positions of Pinus koraiensis Sieb. et Zucc and Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Turoz in broadleaved Korean pine forest were determined in September 2009. Canopy position did not significantly affect light-saturated photosynthetic rate based on unit area (P _area) and unit dry mass (P _mass), apparent quantum yield (α), light compensation point (LCP), light saturation point (LSP); total nitrogen (N_m), phosphorus (P_m), carbon (C_m), and chlorophyll content (Chl_m) per unit dry mass; leaf dry mass per unit area (LMA) and photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE) for P. koraiensis current-year needles and Q. mongolica leaves. While in P. koraiensis one-year-old needles, P _area, P _mass, α and LCP in the upper canopy were lower than those in the lower canopy. The needles of P. koraiensis had higher Cm and LMA than leaves of Q. mongolica, but P _mass, Chl_m and PNUE showed opposite trend. There were no differences in P _area, LSP, N_m, and P_m between the two species. Needle age significantly influenced photosynthetic parameters, chemistry and LMA of P. koraiensis needles except LCP, LSP and C_m. In contrast to LMA, P _area, P _mass, N_m, P_m, Chl_m, and PNUE of one-year-old needles were significantly lower than those of current-year needles for P. koraiensis. The negative correlations between LMA and P _mass, N_m, P_m, Chl_m, and positive correlations between P _mass and N_m, P_m, Chl_m were found for P. koraiensis current-year needles and Q. mongolica leaves. Our results indicate that leaf nitrogen and phosphorus contents and nutrient absorption from soil are similar for mature P. koraiensis and Q. mongolica growing in the same environment, while difference in carbon content between P. koraiensis and Q. mongolica may be attributed to inherent growth characteristics.     

Seasonal differences in leaf-level physiology give lianas a competitive advantage over trees in a tropical seasonal forest

Lianas are an important component of most tropical forests, where they vary in abundance from high in seasonal forests to low in aseasonal forests. We tested the hypothesis that the physiological ability of lianas to fix carbon (and thus grow) during seasonal drought may confer a distinct advantage in seasonal tropical forests, which may explain pan-tropical liana distributions. We compared a range of leaf-level physiological attributes of 18 co-occurring liana and 16 tree species during the wet and dry seasons in a tropical seasonal forest in Xishuangbanna, China. We found that, during the wet season, lianas had significantly higher CO₂ assimilation per unit mass (A _mass), nitrogen concentration (N _mass), and δ¹³C values, and lower leaf mass per unit area (LMA) than trees, indicating that lianas have higher assimilation rates per unit leaf mass and higher integrated water-use efficiency (WUE), but lower leaf structural investments. Seasonal variation in CO₂ assimilation per unit area (A _area), phosphorus concentration per unit mass (P _mass), and photosynthetic N-use efficiency (PNUE), however, was significantly lower in lianas than in trees. For instance, mean tree A _area decreased by 30.1% from wet to dry season, compared with only 12.8% for lianas. In contrast, from the wet to dry season mean liana δ¹³C increased four times more than tree δ¹³C, with no reduction in PNUE, whereas trees had a significant reduction in PNUE. Lianas had higher A _mass than trees throughout the year, regardless of season. Collectively, our findings indicate that lianas fix more carbon and use water and nitrogen more efficiently than trees, particularly during seasonal drought, which may confer a competitive advantage to lianas during the dry season, and thus may explain their high relative abundance in seasonal tropical forests.     

Plastic changes of leaf mass per area and leaf nitrogen content in response to canopy openings in saplings of eight deciduous broad-leaved tree species

Leaf nitrogen content per area (N_area) is a good indicator of assimilative capacity of leaves of deciduous broad-leaved trees. This study examined the degrees of increase in N_area in response to canopy openings as leaf mass per area (LMA) and leaf nitrogen content per mass (N_mass) in saplings of eight deciduous broad-leaved tree species in Hokkaido, northern Japan. Five of the species were well-branched species with a large number of small leaves (lateral-growth type), and the other three species were less-branched species with a small number of large leaves (vertical-growth type). The degrees of increase in N_area were compared between the two crown types. In closed-canopy conditions, leaves of the vertical-growth species tended to have a lower LMA and higher N_mass than those of the lateral-growth species, which resulted in similar N_area for both. LMA increased in canopy openings in the eight species, and the degrees of increase were not largely different between the lateral- and vertical-growth species. On the contrary, N_mass was unchanged in canopy openings in the eight species. As a result, N_area of each species increased in canopy openings in proportion to the increase in LMA, and the degrees of increase in N_area were similar in the lateral- and vertical-growth species. Therefore, this study showed that the degrees of increase in N_area were not correlated with the crown architecture (i.e., the lateral- and vertical-growth types).     

南亚热带不同演替阶段森林优势树种叶片构建成本与机械抗性的协同关系

为探究不同演替阶段森林优势种叶片资源获取策略的差异以及叶片构建成本与机械抗性的关系,对我国南亚热带不同演替阶段森林14优势种的叶片构建成本、机械抗性、角质层厚度和比叶重等结构性状进行测定。结果表明,与演替早期相比,演替晚期优势种具有更高的单位面积叶片构建成本、叶片撕裂力以及穿透力,但其叶片最大光合速率较低;同时,单位面积叶片构建成本与机械抗性呈显著正相关关系,而叶片角质层厚度、比叶重等结构性状也与叶片构建成本、机械抗性均呈显著正相关。因此,从叶片能量投资策略上反映了南亚热带森林演替进程中叶片构建成本与机械抗性的协同关系。     

华南地区固氮与非固氮豆科树种叶片养分利用策略的对比研究

为探究富氮环境中固氮(nitrogen-fixing leguminous trees,NLT)与非固氮豆科树种(non-nitrogen-fixing leguminous trees,n-NLT)的叶片养分利用策略差异,以华南地区5种NLT植物[水黄皮(Pongamia pinnata)、大叶相思(Acacia auriculiformis)、朱樱花(Calliandra haematocephala)、海南红豆(Ormosia pinnata)、台湾相思(Acacia confusa)]和3种n-NLT植物[油楠(Sindora glabra)、中国无忧花(Saraca dives)、银珠(Peltophorum tonkinense)]为对象,测定其单位质量叶片碳(C)、氮(N)和磷(P)含量及其比值、单位面积叶片最大净光合速率(Aarea)和叶片光合氮、磷利用效率(PNUE、PPUE)等功能性状。结果表明,NLT的单位质量叶片N、P含量和Aarea均显著高于n-NLT,而两者PNUE和PPUE无显著差异;尽管两类植物单位质量叶片C含量无显著差异,但NLT的叶片C:N和C:P显...     

不同功能型植物叶氮含量与光合特性的关系研究

在山西南部的霍山七里峪林场,确定乔木、灌木和草本物种共26个,用Li-3000A叶面积测定仪测量了叶面积的大小、用Li-6400便携式光合作用测定系统测定了叶光饱和速率（A_area）,计算了比叶重（LMA）、单位重量的光饱和光合速率（A_mass）、单位面积叶氮含量(Narea)、单位重量叶氮含量(N_mass)及光合氮利用效率(PNUE),研究了它们之间的不同和相互作用关系。结果表明：不同功能型植物的N_mass、A_area、A_mass、N_area和PNUE差异显著(p<0.05),植物叶片氮含量与植物光合生理特性具有显著相关关系,N_mass与A_area、A_mass和PNUE呈线性显著的正相关(p<0.05);N_area与A_area、A_mass、PNUE之间呈极显著的负相关(p<0.01)。     

长白山林线树种岳桦幼树叶功能型性状随海拔梯度的变化

通过研究沿不同海拔岳桦幼树叶功能型性状,揭示其对环境的响应机制.结果表明:①随海拔升高,岳桦叶面积(LA)逐渐降低,比叶重(LMA)增加,但LMA较高的可塑性指数表明其适应更依赖叶片的薄厚变化;②岳桦叶绿素含量随海拔升高而显著下降,但类胡萝卜素Car和Car/Chl显著升高,Chlb和Car/Chl表现出较高的可塑性指数,更倾向于吸收蓝紫光和保护光合器官;③岳桦叶氮含量(Narea和Nmass)在海拔1800-1900m间最低,在低海拔和高海拔均表现较高,但Chl/Nmass却随海拔升高而显著增加,Nmasss比Narea具有较高的可塑性指数,对光能的吸收更依赖Nmass对Chl的贡献,高海拔主要将更多的氮投资于光合器官的保护(1900m以上),低海拔则更倾向于光合生产(1800m以下);④随海拔升高,MDA增加,但随之抗氧化物质DS、Pro和APX活性增加,负责对活性氧的抵御和清除,但APX活性最大的可塑性指数表明活性氧的清除更依赖于酶促系统,但在海拔1900m以上,APX活性差异不显著,生理抗性逐渐下降,限制岳桦继续向高海拔生长;⑤抗氧化物质可塑性指数最高,叶绿素和叶形态次之,叶氮最低,表明随海拔升高,岳桦林以保护自身的生存为最主要的适应策略机制,然后以增加吸收光能的Chlb及LMA指标为主要生长策略.     

漓江水陆交错带植物叶性状对水淹胁迫的响应及经济谱分析

以漓江水陆交错带为研究区,分两个条带分别量测了适生植物的5个叶性状指标:最大净光合速率(A_(max))、比叶重(LMA)、单位质量叶片全氮含量(N_(mass))、单位质量叶片全磷含量(P_(mass))、单位质量叶片全钾含量(K_(mass))。研究重度淹没带与微度淹没带不同功能型植物叶性状间的差异,分析并讨论重度淹没带叶性状间的关系与全球尺度是否存在差异,探究重度淹没带植物对水淹生境的生理响应机制。结果如下:(1)重度淹没带植物叶片的A_(mass)、N_(mass)、P_(mass)显著高于微度淹没带。(2)乔木、灌木叶片的LMA均显著高于草本植物,而A_(mass)、PPUE均显著低于草本植物。(3)重度淹没带草本叶性状指标的N_(mass)、P_(mass)、PNUE均显著高于微度微度淹没带,而乔木、灌木的叶性状在两个条带的差异则不显著。(4)重度淹没带植物叶性状关系与全球尺度基本一致,其植物叶片具有低LMA,高A_(mass)、Nmas s、P_(mass)。分析可知,重度淹没带植物在出露期提高叶片光合效率及相关营养水平可能是其适应水淹胁迫特殊生境的关键策略之一;不同功能型植物对同一环境的适应能力存在一定的差异,草本对于水淹环境的响应更为积极,适应能力更好;重度淹没带也存在叶经济谱,其植物在经济谱中属于"快速投资-收益"型物种。     

Plant biodiversity in a larch plantation from the view point of photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in northeast China

Forest floor of larch species often provides growth habitat for many kinds of understory species because of relatively sparse structure in a larch canopy. A rich flora of forest understory species may play an essential role in maintaining fertility of a larch stand. An attempt was made to evaluate photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) of many understory and overstory species according to their Raunkiaer lifeform. By studying 72 perennial deciduous species in a larch plantation in northeast China, marked photosynthetic differences between phanerophytes (Ph) and other three lifeforms of chamaephytes (Ch), hemicryptophytes (He), and cryptophytes (Cr) were found, with marginal differences found among Ch, He, and Cr. Ph species had much lower PNUE, and much lower values of rate of nitrogen allocation to chlorophyll (Chl./N) and nitrogen allocation to carboxylation processes (V _cmax/N) were concurrently observed in Ph compared with the other three lifeforms. Ph had much lower leaf nitrogen per unit of projection area (N _area) and specific leaf area (SLA, cm² g^–1). At lower SLA, for Ph species the change of PNUE with SLA was small, but these changes became very large at higher SLA for Ch, He, and Cr species. Our findings indicate that leaf morphological change is important for clarifying photosynthesis differences among species with different lifeform.     

Leaf photosynthetic traits scale with hydraulic conductivity and wood density in Panamanian forest canopy trees

We investigated how water transport capacity, wood density and wood anatomy were related to leaf photosynthetic traits in two lowland forests in Panama. Leaf-specific hydraulic conductivity (k_L) of upper branches was positively correlated with maximum rates of net CO₂ assimilation per unit leaf area (A_area) and stomatal conductance (g_s) across 20 species of canopy trees. Maximum k_L showed stronger correlation with A_area than initial k_L suggesting that allocation to photosynthetic potential is proportional to maximum water transport capacity. Terminal branch k_L was negatively correlated with A_area/g_s and positively correlated with photosynthesis per unit N, indicating a trade-off of efficient use of water against efficient use of N in photosynthesis as water transport efficiency varied. Specific hydraulic conductivity calculated from xylem anatomical characteristics (k_theoretical) was positively related to A_area and k_L, consistent with relationships among physiological measurements. Branch wood density was negatively correlated with wood water storage at saturation, k_L, A_area, net CO₂ assimilation per unit leaf mass (A_mass), and minimum leaf water potential measured on covered leaves, suggesting that wood density constrains physiological function to specific operating ranges. Kinetic and static indices of branch water transport capacity thus exhibit considerable co-ordination with allocation to potential carbon gain. Our results indicate that understanding tree hydraulic architecture provides added insights to comparisons of leaf level measurements among species, and links photosynthetic allocation patterns with branch hydraulic processes.     

Nitrogen use strategy drives interspecific differences in plant photosynthetic CO2 acclimation

Rising atmospheric CO₂ concentration triggers an emergent phenomenon called plant photosynthetic acclimation to elevated CO₂ (PAC). PAC is often characterized by a reduction in leaf photosynthetic capacity (A_sat), which varies dramatically along the continuum of plant phylogeny. However, it remains unclear whether the mechanisms responsible for PAC are also different across plant phylogeny, especially between gymnosperms and angiosperms. Here, by compiling a dataset of 73 species, we found that although leaf A_sat increased significantly from gymnosperms to angiosperms, there was no phylogenetic signal in the PAC magnitude along the phylogenetic continuum. Physio-morphologically, leaf nitrogen concentration (N_m), photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency (PNUE), and leaf mass per area (LMA) dominated PAC for 36, 29, and 8 species, respectively. However, there was no apparent difference in PAC mechanisms across major evolutionary clades, with 75% of gymnosperms and 92% of angiosperms regulated by the combination of N_m and PNUE. There was a trade-off between N_m and PNUE in driving PAC across species, and PNUE dominated the long-term changes and inter-specific differences in A_sat under elevated CO₂. These findings indicate that nitrogen-use strategy drives the acclimation of leaf photosynthetic capacity to elevated CO₂ across terrestrial plant species.     

More nitrogen partition in structural proteins and decreased photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Pinus massoniana</Emphasis> under in situ polluted stress

Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) trees in the Pearl River Delta have shown growth decline since late 1980s, particularly those around industrially polluted regions. As nitrogen is an important nutritional element composing functional proteins, structural proteins and photosynthetic machinery, investigation on nitrogen allocation is helpful to understand nutrient alteration and its regulation mechanism in response to pollution stress. Current year (C) and 1-year old needles (C + 1) of five mature trees were sampled in industrially polluted site and unpolluted natural reserve for bioassay. Needles of declining trees had significantly higher leaf nitrogen per unit area (N_L) but lower photosynthetic capacity (P _max), which resulted in lower photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency (PNUE) than those of healthy trees. Nitrogen fraction to the photosynthetic apparatus in the C and C + 1 needles at polluted site was 27 and 22%, significantly lower than the corresponding healthy needles (48 and 32%). The content of structural proteins was positively correlated with N_L in C and C + 1 needles. Moreover, the C and C + 1 needles of declining trees had about 1.8 times structural protein as those of healthy trees, suggesting that more nitrogen allocation to structural protein are needed for stronger structural defenses under polluted stress. Decreases in PNUE of declining pine trees could be partially explained by increases in structural protein nitrogen.     

Community succession and photosynthetic physiological characteristics of pasture plants in a sub-alpine meadow in Gannan,China

 为了解甘南亚高山草甸围封地恢复演替动态, 探究围封恢复进程中植物光合生理特征的变化规律及其影响因子, 对围封试验地内5个典型群落样地进行样方调查, 测定了各群落优势种及3个共有种的光合参数和叶性状参数, 并测定了群落表层土壤(0–20 cm)的水分含量及全氮含量。结果显示: 该围封地内形成一个以草本植物→半灌木→灌木的演替序列, 群落表层土壤含水量及全氮含量随着演替的进行逐渐增加; 在演替的时间尺度上, 各演替阶段优势种光合生理特征间存在明显差异, 随着演替的进行, 群落优势种的净光合速率(A_area)、光合水分利用效率(WUE)、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)呈降低趋势, 其叶片氮含量(N_mass)、光合氮利用效率(PNUE)、比叶面积(SLA)随演替变化没有严格一致的规律, 而更多地表现为不同植物功能型之间的差异; 从演替前期到后期, 同种植物的A_area、SPAD值逐渐降低, 非豆科植物披碱草(Elymus dahuricus)、老鹳草(Geranium wilfordii)的PNUE、WUE随演替进行呈降低趋势, 其N_mass、SLA随演替进行却呈增加趋势, 然而豆科植物紫苜蓿(Medicago sativa)由于具有固氮能力, 受养分限制不明显, 这些光合生理特征值没有随演替发生明显的变化。这些结果表明, 在恢复演替过程中, 该围封地由一个物质获得能力强的群落向物质保持能力强的群落过渡, 土壤水分含量及全氮含量是推动这种过渡发生的主要因子。掌握围封地群落演替过程中的光合生理动态对于亚高寒退化草甸恢复具有一定的理论指导意义。     

Changes in Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Rate of Four Cultivars of Mango during Reproductive Phase

Total chlorophyll (Chl) content, leaf mass per area (LMA), and net photosynthetic rate (P_N) were studied in four cultivars of mango (Mangifera indica L.) from September to May. Maximum Chl contents were found in September and December, the period considered to be crucial for flowering in mango. P_N was maximum during October and maintained almost steady during the fruit growth period. However, LMA varied significantly in all cultivars. Mean Chl content, P_N and LMA were lower in cv. Malaviyabhog than in other cultivars. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

西藏紫花针茅叶功能性状沿降水梯度的变化

植物叶功能性状与环境因子的关系是近10年来植物生态学的研究热点。该文以广泛分布于青藏高原干旱、半干旱草地的优势植物种紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)为研究对象, 沿降水梯度(69-479 mm)系统测定了日土、改则、珠峰、当雄和纳木错5个调查地点紫花针茅比叶面积(SLA)、单位重量和单位面积叶氮含量(N_mass, N_area)、叶密度和厚度等叶功能性状以及土壤全氮含量等因子, 试图验证干旱胁迫地区同一物种内SLA-N_mass关系沿降水梯度的策略位移现象是否具有普遍性, 并对是否出现策略位移现象提出可能的解释。研究结果表明: 1) SLA和N_mass与生长季温度和降水以及土壤全氮含量均没有显著关系, SLA与N_mass的关系在干旱半干旱区(年降水/蒸发比< 0.11)与半湿润区(年降水/蒸发比> 0.11)之间并没有出现典型的位移现象; 2)叶密度是决定半湿润区SLA变化的主导因子, 而叶厚度则是干旱半干旱区SLA变化的控制因子, 两者与SLA均呈负相关, 随着温度增加或降水减少, 叶厚度增加而叶密度降低, 导致SLA随温度和降水变化不明显; 3)半湿润区的叶密度增加引起N_area增加, 而干旱半干旱区的叶厚度增加并没有造成N_area的显著变化, 导致N_area沿降水梯度没有显著变化; 4)紫花针茅地上生物量与N_area具有显著正相关关系, 表明N_area的增加有助于提高植被生产力。结果表明, 在干旱胁迫下, 植物通过增加叶厚度来维持不变的N_area可能有助于保持与较湿润地区相似的光合生产和水分利用效率。叶厚度和叶密度对比叶面积的相对影响在干旱半干旱区与半湿润区之间发生转变, 这为进一步检测高寒草地植被的水分限制阈值提供了新思路。