中华蟾蜍与黑斑蛙消化道黏液细胞的观察

目的：探索两栖类动物消化道黏液细胞的类型与分布规律。方法：利用阿利新蓝与过碘酸雪夫试剂染色法对中华蟾蜍（Bufo bufo gargazizans）、黑斑蛙（Rana nigromaculata）消化道黏液细胞进行石蜡切片和染色。结果与结论：黏液细胞表现为4个类型：Ⅰ型玫瑰红色;Ⅱ型蓝绿色;Ⅲ型紫红色;Ⅳ型蓝紫色。两种动物食管黏膜上皮中黏液细胞主要是杯状细胞,其中中华蟾蜍的黏液细胞主要为Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型细胞,黑斑蛙的黏液细胞主要Ⅲ型细胞。胃体柱状黏膜上皮细胞与胃腺颈细胞主要为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型细胞,黏原颗粒主要集中在细胞的核上区。胃腺浅部有成团分布并着色较浅的黏液细胞,其中黑斑蛙胃腺黏液细胞主要为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型细胞,中华蟾蜍胃腺黏液细胞主要为Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型细胞。小肠杯状细胞主要为Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型细胞。大肠杯状细胞主要为Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型细胞。     

中华蟾蜍与黑斑蛙消化道粘液细胞的组织化学染色

利用阿利新蓝-过碘酸雪夫试剂染色对中华蟾蜍Bufo gargarizans、黑斑蛙Rana nigromaculata消化道粘液细胞的类型与分布进行了观察.结果 显示:阿利新蓝-过碘雪天染色后,消化管粘液细胞表现为4个类型:Ⅰ型玫瑰红色、Ⅱ型蓝绿色、Ⅲ型紫红色、Ⅳ型蓝紫色.食管始部粘液细胞多为圆形或椭圆形,食管中部粘液细胞主要是Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型杯状细胞,胃体柱状粘膜上皮细胞与胃腺颈部细胞主要为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型,粘液颗粒主要集中在细胞的核上区.黑斑蛙胃幽门粘液细胞为Ⅰ型,中华蟾蜍胃腺粘液细胞主要为Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型,小肠的杯状细胞主要为Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型,大肠杯状细胞主要为Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型.     

三种淡水鱼消化道黏液细胞的组织化学染色

目的：探索淡水鱼消化道黏液细胞的组织化学染色。方法：利用阿利新蓝和过碘酸雪夫试剂染色对鲶鱼（Silurus aso-tus）、鲢鱼（Hypophthalmichthys molirtix）、鲫鱼（Carassius auratus）消化道黏液细胞的类型与分布进行了观察,结果：AB-PAS（Alcian blue and periodic acid schiff’s reation）染色后动物消化管黏液细胞表现为4个类型：Ⅰ型玫瑰红色、Ⅱ型蓝绿色、Ⅲ型紫红色、Ⅳ型蓝紫色。除鲫鱼外动物食管始部黏液细胞多为圆形或椭圆形,食管中部黏液细胞主要是Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型杯状细胞。除鲫鱼动物胃体柱状黏膜上皮细胞与胃腺颈部细胞主要为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型,黏液颗粒主要集中在细胞的核上区。链鱼、鲶鱼胃腺黏液细胞为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型。链鱼、鲶鱼小肠的杯状细胞主要为Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型。鲫鱼小肠杯状细胞主要有Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型。这三种动物大肠杯状细胞主要为Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型。     

巴西彩龟与中华鳖消化道粘液细胞组织化学染色

利用阿利新蓝和过碘酸雪夫试剂染色对巴西彩龟、中华鳖消化道粘液细胞的类型与分布进行了观察,结果显示消化道粘液细胞表现为4种类型：Ⅰ型玫瑰红色;Ⅱ型蓝绿色;Ⅲ型紫红色;Ⅳ型蓝紫色。食道前部粘膜上皮为复层上皮,粘液细胞形态多样,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ类型均有,食道中部与后部粘膜上皮为柱状上皮,其内有密集排列的杯状细胞,主要是Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型细胞。胃体柱状粘膜上皮细胞与胃腺颈部细胞主要为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型,粘原颗粒主要集中在细胞的浅部。胃腺粘液细胞主要为Ⅰ型和Ⅲ型,着色较浅。小肠杯状细胞主要为Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型。大肠、泄殖腔杯状细胞主要为Ⅱ型和Ⅳ型。     

五种变温动物抗凝血酶和纤溶酶原相对含量比较

用免疫浊度法对进食期5～9月的鲤鱼Cyprinus carpio、鲫鱼Carassius auratus、鲶鱼Silurus asotus、中华大蟾蜍Bufo bufo gargarizans和中华鳖Pelodiscus sinensis血清中AT和PLG进行测定.结果显示:1)鲶鱼和中华鳖血清中AT的相对含量极显著高于鲤鱼、鲫鱼、蟾蜍的AT相对含量(P<0.01);2)中华鳖血清中PLG的相对含量显著高于鲤鱼、鲫鱼、鲶鱼和蟾蜍的PLG相对含量(P<0.01).结论:1)5种动物体内郁存在AT和PLG,并且抗原性和人的AT-Ⅲ和PLG相似;2)脊椎动物体内AT和PLG的生理含量与生存环境之间有一定的相关性.     

鳜鱼消化道黏液细胞和6种酶的组织化学定位

采用阿利新蓝-过碘酸雪夫氏(AB-PAS)染色和酶组织化学方法对鳜鱼消化道各部位黏液细胞和6种酶的分布与定位进行了研究。结果显示,黏液细胞可为分为4种类型,食道黏液细胞多数为Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型,未见Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型;胃贲门和胃幽门黏膜上皮仅有Ⅰ型黏液细胞;胃体黏膜上皮则以Ⅲ型细胞为主;幽门盲囊中主要为Ⅱ型细胞;前肠和中肠中Ⅳ型黏液细胞最多,Ⅰ型最少;后肠黏液细胞则以Ⅳ型和Ⅱ型为主。酸性磷酸酶(ACP)主要分布于幽门盲囊和前肠的黏膜上皮;碱性磷酸酶(ALP)主要分布于食道、幽门盲囊和整个肠道黏膜上皮;非特异性酯酶(NSE)主要分布于胃幽门、中肠和后肠黏膜上皮;过氧化物酶(POX)在胃幽门黏膜上皮中活性较高;琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)主要分布于胃腺中;腺苷三磷酸酶(ATPase)在消化道各部位均有较多分布。鳜鱼消化道黏液细胞和酶的分布型与其它动物有相似之处,也有其一定的特异性,与消化道不同部位的消化吸收机能相适应。     

两种海马鳃组织和消化道的黏液细胞类型及分布

运用阿新兰(AB,pH 2.6)和过碘酸雪夫氏(PAS)反应染色方法,对三斑海马(Hippocampus trimaculatus)和日本海马(H.japonicus)鳃组织与消化道中的黏液细胞类型及分布进行了研究。染色结果显示:两种海马的鳃组织和消化道中均含有黏液细胞,日本海马的鳃组织中含有Ⅰ型和Ⅳ型黏液细胞,三斑海马的鳃组织中含有Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型黏液细胞。两种海马消化道各部位的黏液细胞类型和数量有明显差异:日本海马的食道中Ⅰ型细胞最多,而三斑海马的食道中Ⅳ型细胞最多;日本海马的前肠中只含有Ⅰ型细胞,而三斑海马的前肠中含有Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型细胞,其中Ⅰ型细胞含量最多;日本海马的中肠中含有Ⅰ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型细胞,其中Ⅲ型细胞含量最多,而三斑海马中肠中只含有Ⅰ型细胞;日本海马与三斑海马的后肠中都分布有Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型和Ⅳ型细胞,两者不同的是,日本海马的后肠中Ⅲ型细胞含量最多,三斑海马的后肠中Ⅳ型细胞含量最多。     

黑眶蟾蜍和黑斑蛙消化道5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞的免疫组织化学

对黑眶蟾蜍（Bufo melanostictus）和黑斑蛙（Rana nigromaculata）消化道5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞的形态、分布进行了免疫组织化学定位。5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞在黑眶蟾蜍和黑斑蛙消化道各段中均有分布,分布密度均呈升-降-升-降的波浪式分布特点,二者在幽门部和回肠都有个分布的高峰值。黑眶蟾蜍回肠最高,空肠、幽门部次之,十二指肠、直肠最低;黑斑蛙幽门部最高,回肠、空肠次之,食道、贲门部、直肠最低。5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞位于胃的胃腺上皮、食道及肠的粘膜上皮,有圆形、椭圆形、梭形、楔形等,有的有胞突。文中讨论了5-羟色胺免疫活性细胞分布型的原因及形态与功能的关系。     

消化道组织块黏液细胞的组织化学染色

目的：探索中华蟾蜍、黑斑蛙消化道组织块黏液细胞的组织化学染色。方法：利用阿辛蓝-过碘酸Schiff（AB-PAS）反应,对消化道组织块黏液细胞进行染色和观察。结果：对消化道壁较薄的组织块（食管、小肠、大肠）,采用3％乙酸3min、1％阿尔新蓝30min、3％乙酸3min、3％过碘酸氧化10min、Schiff反应20min染色,即可达到良好染色效果;对消化道壁较厚的组织块（胃）,则应采用3％乙酸9min、1％阿尔新蓝70min、3％乙酸9min、3％过碘酸氧化30min、Schiff反应60min染色,将能达到良好染色效果。结论：经过染色可将黏液细胞分为四个类型：Ⅰ型红色,PAS染色阳性,AB染色阴性;Ⅱ型蓝色,PAS染色阴性,AB染色阳性;Ⅲ型紫红色,PAS染色强阳性,AB染色弱阳性;Ⅳ型蓝紫色,PAS染色弱阳性,AB染色强阳性。     

六种藓类植物茎的比较解剖学研究

通过对6种藓类植物,即褶叶青藓(Brachythecium salebrosum(Web.et Mohr.)B.S.G.)、湿地匐灯藓(Plagiomnium acutum(Lindb.)Kop.)、侧枝匐灯藓(Plagiomnium maximoviczii(Lindb.)Kop.)、大凤尾藓(Fissidensnobilis Griff.)、大羽藓(Thuidium cymbifolium(Doz.et Molk.)B.S.G.)和大灰藓(Hypnum plumaeforme Wils.)嫩茎和老茎的石蜡切片和显微观察发现,同一藓类植株的嫩茎和老茎,茎结构稳定,不同种藓类植物茎横切面具有不同特征.植物体茎横切面形状、表层细胞的层数、细胞大小和细胞壁厚薄、皮层细胞大小和形状、中轴的有无以及比例等特征可以作为藓类植物的分科分类依据之一.     

Cause of Senescence of Nine Sorts of Flowers

The levels of endogenous phytohormones and respiratory rate in nine sorts of flowers such as Cymbidium faberi Rolfe, Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth and others were investigated both at full bloom and senescence and meanwhile the effect of exogenous phytohormones on prolonging the blossoms and promoting ethylene production were tested. There is a high content of endogenous ethylene in all the long-lived flowere, about 3–16 folds higer than the short-lived ones. There is a high level of ABA at full blooming flowers of short-lived flowers, in which there is no or only some cytokinins in it, but the ratio of CTK (6BA+zeatin)/ABA is smaller(l.7). The endogenous ABA reached a much higher level at senescence in all nine sorts of flowers, so it is reasonable to consider that it is ABA which plays an important role of regulation in controlling flower's senescence. There is a much higher level of GA3 and zeatin in the long-lived flowers which is not demonstrated in the shortlived ones. The respiratory rate is one of the factors controtling the longevity of flowers, but it does not play a decided role. Application of 6BA and zeatin prolongs distinctly orchid’s longevity, however exogenous IAA through the promotive action on ethylene production, evidently extends the longevity of the flowers of the Nopalxochia ackermannii Kunth.     

龙胆科药用植物化学成分的研究现状

龙胆科植物在我国的分布范围很广,且多数为药用植物,其多数种属的药用植物,至今其化学成分尚未被系统研究。综述了目前龙胆科药用植物的化学成分的研究现状及一般提取方法,对近年来发现的环烯醚萜及裂环烯醚萜类化合物进行了总结,为本科药用植物的更深入研究提供了参考。     

真菌类遗传学分析的知识结构教学

本文以认知结构理论为指导,讨论了真菌类遗传分析与高等动植物遗传分析的内在联系,认为利用这种内在联系进行教学可收到好的效果并说明了作者的具体教学过程。 Abstract:In the paper, the relationship between genetic analysis of Fungi and genetic analysis of high animal and plant was discussed.A good results were obtained when we adopted this method in the teaching.     

The effects of glutamine of the maintenance of embryogenic cultures of Cryptomeria japonica

Summary Embryogenic tissues of sugi (Cryptomeria japonica) were induced on a modified Campbell and Durzan (CD) medium containing 1 μM 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 600 mg l⁻¹ glutamine, and subcultured in the medium of the same composition for over 1 yr. This resulted in a mixed culture of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells. When embryogenic cells were isolated and cultured independently, their capacity to form embryogenic aggregates was lost. Thus, the non-embryogenic cells present within a mixed culture system were essential to the formation of embryogenic aggregates. When embryogenic tissues were isolated and cultured independently on a high glutamine-containing (2400 mg l⁻¹) medium, dry weights and endogenous levels of glutamine increased, and the tissue could generate a large number of embryogenic aggregates. Amino acid analysis of embryogenic and non-embryogenic cells from the maintenance culture indicated a higher level of glutamine was present in the latter. The high endogenous level of glutamine in the non-embryogenic portion of mixed cell masses may be the supplier of glutamine for maintaining the embryogenic property of the tissues.     

Specificity of action of piperidylcholine derivatives as substrates of cholinesterases of various origin

The review deals with study of enzymologic properties of a novel highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate, N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium iodomethylate (“piperidylcholine”), and its 30 derivatives that were tested as effectors of cholinesterases of mammals and various species of Pacific squids. It was proven for the first time that responsible for specificity of action was structure of cyclic ammonium grouping of the alcohol part of molecule of the ester substrate. Analysis of specificity is performed based on enzymatic hydrolysis parameters—activity of catalytic center of cholinesterases and bimolecular constant of the reaction rate that are determined at optimal and low substrate concentrations. Among the specially synthesized group of thioester compounds there is revealed one more highly specific acetylcholinesterase substrate—N-(β-acetoxyethyl) piperidinium.     

医疗机构合理用药评价模型的构建研究

目的 针对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行评价研究。方法 根据医疗机构合理用药的具体要求,构建医疗机构合理用药评价指标体系,采用基于模糊群决策的方法和多指标评价分析法构建医疗机构合理用药评价模型。结果 构建了基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型,并通过实例分析证明了评价模型的可行性。结论 建立的基于模糊群决策的医疗机构合理用药评价模型能够对医疗机构的合理用药水平进行科学评价,为提高医疗机构合理用药水平奠定基础。     

Photoregulation of seed germination of wild-type and of an aurea-mutant of tomato

Seed germination of an aurea mutant of tomato ( Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) is promoted by continuous irradiation with red, far-red or long-wavelength far-red (758 nm) light as well as by cyclic irradiations (5 min red or 5 min far-red/25 min darkness). Far-red light applied immediately after each red does not change the germination behaviour. Seed germination of the isogenic wild-type, cv. UC-105, is promoted by continuous and cyclic red light while it is inhibited by continuous and cyclic far-red light and by continious 758 nm irradiation. Far-red irradiation reverses almost completely the promoting effect of red light. The promoting effect (in the aurea mutant) and the inhibitory effect (in the wild-type) of continuous far-red light do not show photon fluence rate dependency above 20 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹. It is concluded that phytochrome controls tomato seed germination throgh low energy responses in both the wild type and the au mutant. The promoting effect of continuous and cyclic far-red light in the au mutant can be attributed to a greater sensitivity to P_fr.