贝那普利和氨氯地平对自发性高血压大鼠促胰液素、生长抑素表达的影响

目的：探讨贝那普利和氨氯地平对自发性高血压大鼠（SHR）促胰液素（PZ）、生长抑素（SS）表达的影响。方法：14周龄雄性SHR 45只随机分为3组（n=15）：SHR组、贝那普利组（盐酸贝那普利灌服0.90 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）、氨氯地平组（苯磺酸氨氯地平灌服0.45 mg·kg^-1·d^-1）。以Wistar-Kyoto大鼠（WKY）作为正常对照组（n=15）,SHR组及WKY组每日灌服等体积蒸馏水。干预8周后,采用免疫组化法和RT-PCR法检测十二指肠中PZ、胃窦中SS蛋白和mRNA表达的变化。结果：干预8周后,与WKY组比较,SHR组十二指肠PZ、胃窦SS蛋白和mRNA表达明显升高（P<0.05）;与SHR组比较,贝那普利组与氨氯地平组十二指肠PZ蛋白和mRNA、胃窦SS蛋白和mRNA表达均明显降低（P<0.05）;与贝那普利组比较,氨氯地平组十二指肠PZ蛋白和mRNA、胃窦中SS mRNA表达降低更为明显（P<0.05）。结论：SHR十二指肠中PZ和胃窦中SS调节失衡,贝那普利和氨氯地平的降压作用可能通过调节PZ和SS的表达而达到降压目的,而氨氯地平的调节作用较显著。     

贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗高血压的临床疗效分析

目的:探讨贝那普利联用氨氯地平治疗高血压的临床疗效与安全性。方法:将90例高血压病患者随机分为3组,对照组1(n=30)给予贝那普利片治疗,对照组2(n=30)给予氨氯地平片治疗,观察组(n=30)给予贝那普利片联合氨氯地平片治疗,疗程12周,治疗前和治疗后12周,分析和比较各组患者的收缩压、舒张压、血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平。结果:观察组的临床总疗效达93.3%,而对照组1和对照组2分别为63.3%、56.7%,均显著低于观察组(P0.05)。经治疗后,观察组的血压降低程度较对照组1、对照组2更显著(P0.05),而对照组1与对照组2之间比较无明显差别(P0.05);观察组总胆固醇、甘油三酯、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇改善情况均显著优于对照组1、对照组2(P0.05)。观察组不适症状的发生率为6.7%,显著低于对照组1(26.7%)和对照组2(23.3%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗高血压的疗效和安全性均显著优于单用贝那普利或氨氯地平,值得临床普及推广。     

贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗原发性高血压的临床研究

目的：探讨贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗原发性高血压的降压效果。方法：将152例原发性高血压患者随机分为两组,治疗组（n=76）采用贝那普利＋氨氯地平进行治疗,对照组（n=76）采用贝那普利进行治疗,疗程8周,在治疗前、治疗后4周和8周进行24h动态血压监测（ABPM）,分别记录24h平均血压、白天及夜间平均血压、心率等指标,分析并比较临床疗效。结果：两组患者治疗前后24h平均血压、白天及夜间平均血压明显低于治疗前,差异具有显著性意义（P〈0．05）;治疗组和对照组总有效率分别为97．4％和80-3％,差异均具有显著性意义（P〈0．01）。结论：应用贝那普利＋氨氯地平对原发性高血压进行治疗,其降压效果明显,有效控制血压降低,不良反应少,是理想的联合降压方法,值得临床推荐。     

贝那普利联合氨氯地平对高血压患者降压效果、血压变异性及心功能的影响

目的:探讨贝那普利联合氨氯地平对高血压患者降压效果、血压变异性(BPV)及心功能的影响。方法:选取2015年2月～2018年12月期间西安交通大学医学院附属三二〇一医院收治的131例高血压患者,根据随机数字表法分为对照组(n=65)和研究组(n=66),对照组患者给予氨氯地平治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合贝那普利治疗。比较两组患者治疗后的降压效果、BPV以及心功能指标,记录两组患者治疗期间不良反应情况。结果:两组患者治疗4个月后收缩压(SBP)、舒张压(DBP)均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后24 h收缩压变异性(24hSBPV)、白天收缩压变异性(dSBPV)、24h舒张压变异性(24hDBPV)、白天舒张压变异性(dDBPV)均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05),而夜间收缩压变异性(nSBPV)、夜间舒张压变异性(nDBPV)比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后A峰速度、A/E峰值均下降,且研究组低于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者治疗4个月后E峰速度、EF值均升高,且研究组高于对照组(P0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较无差异(P0.05)。结论:贝那普利联合氨氯地平治疗高血压患者的降压效果确切,可有效改善患者BPV及心功能,且安全性较好。     

槲皮素对自发性高血压大鼠血压、肠道菌群及心室重构的影响及机制研究

为了探讨槲皮素对自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)血压、肠道菌群及心室重构的影响及机制,本实验设8只Wistar Kyoto大鼠为对照组(WKY),将24只SHR随机分为模型组(SHR)、贝那普利组(Ben)、槲皮素组(Que),予以灌胃,测血压,8周后,用ELISA检测血清Toll样受体4(TLR4)、NF-κB p65浓度,用16S-V4区测序检测肠道菌群;计算心脏质量指数、左心室质量指数,用苦味酸-酸性品红法染色观察心肌纤维化,计算CVF;用Western blot和RT-PCR检测心肌组织TLR4蛋白和mRNA含量。结果显示:与WKY比较,SHR收缩压、心脏质量指数、左心室质量指数、CVF、血清TLR4、NF-κB p65以及心肌组织TLR4蛋白和mRNA、F/B值均增高,菌群丰富度下降;与SHR比较,Ben、Que均能显著降低血压,改善心肌纤维化程度,降低血清TLR4、NF-κB p65以及心肌组织TLR4蛋白和mRNA的表达,改善肠道菌群丰度。研究结果提示槲皮素可能通过调节肠道菌群,下调TLR4/NF-κB途径,进而降低SHR血压及改善心室重构。     

替米沙坦与贝那普利治疗原发性高血压的疗效分析

目的:分析替米沙坦片与贝那普利片两种药物治疗轻中度原发性高血压的降压疗效与安全性。方法:把2013年3月至9月期间在我院治疗的90例轻中度原发性高血压患者平均分为A组和B组(每组45人),在高血压知识宣教,饮食控制,运动等常规治疗的基础上,A组给予替米沙坦治疗,B组给予贝那普利治疗,对比两组患者的治疗效果及安全性。结果:两组均能有效降低血压(P0.01),A组总有效率为94.52%,B组总有效率为89.87%,二者差别无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:替米沙坦和贝那普利治疗轻中度高血压均具有良好的降压效果和安全性,但替米沙坦的降压效果优于贝那普利,安全性更高,是一种长效、安全、有效的降压药,值得临床推广。     

适量摄入白兰地对健康大鼠肠道菌群的影响

目的探讨适量摄入白兰地对健康大鼠生理功能及肠道菌群的影响。方法将15只雄性SD大鼠分为对照组(n=7)和白兰地组(n=8),分别以自来水和白兰地进行灌胃,剂量为3.3 mL/kg。灌胃8周后,测定大鼠体质量、体质量增长率、肝脏指数、肝脏抗氧化酶和血清生化指标,并观察肝脏病理切片。灌胃结束时,收集大鼠新鲜粪便样本,应用Illumina-MiSeq测序平台进行16S rRNA基因V3-V4区测序,分析其肠道微生物群落结构、丰富度、多样性及组间差异,同时,对大鼠肠道微生物与生理指标之间的相关性进行分析。结果白兰地组大鼠体质量、进食量、总蛋白、白蛋白、球蛋白、尿素、肌酐/尿素和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇均显著低于对照组(t=2.856、1.152、4.144、4.320、3.393、3.495、3.666、2.223,均P0.05),且两组肝脏病理切片均未见病理改变。在门水平上,两组大鼠肠道菌群主要由厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)、Candidatus-Saccharibacteria和放线菌门(Actinobacteria)组成,而白兰地组大鼠中放线菌门(Actinobacteria)的相对丰度显著低于对照组(P0.05),螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)的相对丰度显著高于对照组(P0.05);在属水平上,白兰地组大鼠肠道中Saccharibacteria_genera_incertae_sedis的相对丰度显著低于对照组(P0.05)。LEfSe分析显示,螺旋体门(Spirochaetes)、螺旋体科(Spirochaetaceae)、Lactobacillus_johnsonii_F19785、双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)是引起两组肠道菌群差异的主要菌群。与生理指标的相关性分析显示,体质量增长量与Odoribacter和另枝菌属(Alistipes)呈负相关[r=-(0.571～0.566),P0.05],乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)与低密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈负相关(r=-0.722,P0.05),罗斯菌属(Roseburia)与胆固醇和高密度脂蛋白胆固醇呈正相关(r=0.555～0.621,P0.05),总蛋白与韦荣球菌属(Veillonella)和罗氏菌属(Rothia)呈正相关(r=0.637～0.643,P0.05),双歧杆菌属(Bifidobacterium)与血清生化检测中的尿素、总蛋白和球蛋白呈正相关(r=0.606～0.653,P0.05),与肌酐呈负相关(r=-0.612,P0.05)。结论摄入白兰地对健康SD大鼠生长发育未产生不良影响,也未对大鼠肝脏和肾脏造成损伤,但可显著减缓大鼠体质量增长,且对大鼠某些肠道菌群的丰富度和组成产生一定的影响。     

慢性低氧时自发性高血压大鼠血浆心钠素、肾素—血管紧张素系统与血液动力学的变化

实验采用同龄自发性高血压大鼠(SHR)和Wistar-Kyoto大鼠(WKY),各随机分为对照组(N)和低氧组(H)。实验前 SHR 尾动脉压(25.4±2.6kPa,n=20)明显高于WKY(13.1±1.6kPa,n=20),P<0.001。SHR-N组血浆心钠素(ANP)、血管紧张素Ⅱ(AⅡ)含量和肾素活性(RA)明显高于WKY-N。SHR-N经实验两周后血压自然上升(P<0.01)。SHR和WKY缺氧后ANP、AⅡ、RA各值均比各自对照值增加,但血压无明显改变.而肺动脉压均明显升高。以上结果提示,SHR 大鼠慢性缺氧后,ANP和肾素-血管紧张素系统可能对防止血压上升和限制肺动脉高压进一步发展起一定的调节作用。     

硝苯地平控释片联合贝那普利治疗老年高血压的临床分析

目的:探讨硝苯地平控释片联合贝那普利治疗老年高血压的临床效果。方法:将70例老年高血压患者随机分为观察组和对照组,分别应用硝苯地平控释片联合贝那普利治疗和贝那普利治疗,观察两组疗效、患者血压变化和不良反应情况。结果:观察组疗效明显优于对照组,降压效果更加显著(P0.05)。结论:硝苯地平控释片联合贝那普利治疗老年高血压疗效确切,安全可靠,值得临床应用推广。     

雷米普利对自发性高血压大鼠脑动脉缝隙连接蛋白43表达的影响

本文旨在探讨血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂雷米普利(Ramipril)是否通过调节脑动脉血管细胞缝隙连接蛋白43 (connexin43, Cx43)的表达发挥其降压及保护脑动脉的作用。Wistar-Kyoto (WKY)和自发性高血压大鼠(spontaneously hypertensive rat,SHR)随机分为4组:WKY组、WKY+Ramipril组、SHR组、SHR+Ramipril组(n=8)。运用无创尾动脉测压仪测量收缩压;采用苏木素-伊红染色观察脑动脉病理学改变;应用压力肌动图技术检测各组脑动脉血管收缩率;应用免疫荧光和免疫组织化学技术分析脑动脉上Cx43的分布及表达;采用real-time PCR和Western blot技术分别检测脑动脉上Cx43 mRNA及蛋白表达。结果显示:(1) SHR组收缩压显著高于WKY组(P 0.01, n=8);SHR+Ramipril组收缩压明显低于SHR组(P 0.01, n=8)。(2)相比于WKY组,SHR组脑动脉管壁增厚明显(P 0.01, n=8),而SHR+Ramipril组相比于SHR组,动脉管壁厚度明显减少。(3) SHR组脑动脉收缩率高于WKY组(P 0.05, n=8);SHR+Ramipril组脑动脉收缩率低于SHR组(P 0.05, n=8)。应用2-APB (Cx43非特异性阻断剂)或Gap26 (Cx43特异性阻断剂)预孵育后,SHR+Ramipril组动脉收缩率显著下降(P 0.05, n=8);给予Cx43非特异性激动剂AAP10预孵育后,SHR+Ramipril组动脉收缩率显著升高(P 0.05, n=8)。(4) SHR组脑动脉上Cx43 mRNA及蛋白表达水平高于WKY组(P 0.05, n=8);SHR+Ramipril组脑动脉上Cx43 mRNA及蛋白表达水平明显低于SHR组(P 0.05, n=8)。以上结果提示,雷米普利能够下调SHR脑动脉血管细胞间Cx43 mRNA和蛋白的表达,降低血压,改善高血压诱发的脑动脉重塑以及血管功能障碍。     

白蚁与动物及微生物的共生类型及其机制

综述了白蚁螱客的主要种类、共生关系及相关机制的研究进展。白蚁螱客中,已报道的动物种类达170种。在与动物的共生关系中存在偏利共生（宾主共栖和异种共栖）、互利共生和无关共生三种;在与微生物的共生关系中,存在与内生菌（原生动物、细菌、真菌和放线菌）和外生菌（蚁巢伞菌等）间的互利关系。指出了白蚁与螱客研究中存在的问题,给出了解决方案,并提出了今后可能的研究热点或方向,为白蚁的综合利用（如纤维素酶）及今后研究物种间的协同进化提供了基础资料。     

Relative and combined effects of ethanol and protein deficiency on strontium and barium bone content and fecal and urinary excretion

To elucidate accumulation of minerals in human iliac arteries with aging, the content of minerals was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry. Bilateral common, internal, and external iliac arteries of 16 men and 8 women, ranging ages from 65 to 93 yr, were examined. It was found that an extremely high accumulation of calcium and phosphorus occurred in the common iliac artery at old age, being higher than that of the internal and external iliac arteries. It should be noted that the accumulation of calcium and phosphorus is the highest in the common iliac artery among the human arteries examined to date. Regarding sexual differences, the content of calcium and phosphorus in the common and internal iliac arteries was higher in women than in men, whereas their content in the external iliac artery was lower in women than in men.     

New amino-dithiaphospholanes and phosphoramidodithioites and their rhodium and iridium complexes

New sulfur derivatives of phosphoramidite ligands were synthesized and the impact of the sulfur unit on the spectroscopic properties of their rhodium and iridium complexes was investigated. The new ligands Bn₂NPSCH₂CH₂S^a(P-S^a) (Bn = benzyl, 4), Bn₂NPSCHCHS^a(CH₂)₃C^aH₂(P-S^a)(C^a-S^a) (6) and Bn₂NP(4-XC₆H₄OMe)₂ (X = S, 7a; X = O, 7b) were converted to the rhodium and iridium complexes trans-[Rh(CO)Cl(L)₂] (L = 4, 6, 7), [RhCl(COD)(L)] (L = 4, 6, 7), [IrCl(COD)(7a)] and [IrCl₂Cp∗(6)]. For comparison, some phosphoramidite complexes of these formulations also were synthesized. The new metal complexes were spectroscopically analyzed. For the carbonyl complexes, the ν_CO IR stretching frequencies were lower than for the corresponding phosphite and phosphoramidite ligands. The ¹J_PRh coupling constants for the rhodium complexes with the new ligands were also smaller than for the respective phosphoramidite and phosphite complexes. Finally, the ¹J_PSe coupling constants of the selenides of the new ligands were lower than those of the phosphoramidite ligands but higher than for PPh₃. The spectroscopic data reveal that the new thio ligands 4, 6 and 7a are more electron donating than phosphites and phosphoramidites but less electron donating than PPh₃.     

Astrocytes and Synaptosomes Transport and Metabolize Lactate and Acetate Differently

Astrocytes transport the monocarboxylate acetate, but synaptosomes do not. The reason for this is unknown, because both preparations express monocarboxylate transporters (MCT). The transport and metabolism of lactate, another monocarboxylate, was examined in these two preparations, and the results were compared to those for acetate. Lactate transport is more rapid in astrocytes than in synaptosomes, but of lower affinity (Kms of 17 and 4 mM, respectively). Lactate (0.2 mM) is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in synaptosomes than in astrocytes (rates of 0.37 and 0.07 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). The reason for this is unclear, but cellular differences in lactate dehydrogenase isotype expression may be involved. Acetate is metabolized to CO2 more rapidly in astrocytes than in synaptosomes (rates of 0.43 and 0.02 nmol x mg protein(-1) x min(-1), respectively). This is likely due to cellular differences in the expression of monocarboxylate transporter subtypes.     

Rapporteur report: Basics and technology and metrology and standards

The first and second sessions of the Workshop focussed on the basics of ultrasound and infrasound, their applications in both industry and medicine, and metrology and protection standards for ultrasound applications.     

人血管能抑素基因的克隆、表达及其表达产物的纯化和生物活性测定

以人胎盘脐带组织为材料,提取组织总RNA,用netRTPCR方法合成人血管能抑素cDNA基因,将该cDNA克隆进pSP72载体获得重组质粒pSP72C, DNA序列分析结果与预期序列一致。用BamHⅠ和NdeⅠ双酶切,切下pSP72C上的血管能抑素cDNA,插入pET3c载体的相应位点获得重组表达质粒pETC, 转化E. coli BL21(DE3), SDSPAGE分析显示：在IPTG诱导下,血管能抑素基因获得了高效表达,表达量约占菌体总蛋白的 27.9 %,主要以包涵体形式存在。包涵体经过洗涤、裂解、蛋白复性以及Sephadex G75凝胶过滤层析等步骤后,获得了纯度达91.4 %的人血管能抑素。CAM实验证明10 μg纯化蛋白就能显著抑制鸡胚新生血管生成。     

Prostaglandin and thromboxane production by human and guinea-pig macrophages and leucocytes

The ability of partially purified human and guinea-pig haematogenous cell populations, when cultured in vitro, to metabolise arachidonic acid (AA) has been studied. Supernatants from 24 hour cell culture have been subjected to analysis for products of AA metabolism by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection.The cell types studied were human peripheral blood monocytes (both glass adherent and non-adherent), neutrophils, eosinophils and leukemic leucocytes; thoracic duct lymphocytes and lung alveolar macrophages. From the guinea-pig, induced and non-induced macrophage or neutrophil enriched peritoneal exudate populations, lymph node cells, peritoneal eosinophils and peripheral blood platelets were examined. Supernatants were assayed for the presence of PGE₂, PGD₂, PGF_2α, TXB₂ and 6-keto-PGF_1α. In all types studied PGE₂ and TXB₂ were the major products formed. The identification of PGE₂ and TXB₂ was confirmed by GC/MS with multiple ion monitoring.The results have been compared with other reports and their possible significance discussed in relation to the proposed role of prostaglandins as mediators and modulators in immunopathology.     

Vascular volumes and hematology in male and female runners and cyclists

To examine the hypothesis that foot-strike hemolysis alters vascular volumes and selected hematological properties is trained athletes, we have measured total blood volume (TBV), red cell volume (RCV) and plasma volume (PV) in cyclists (n = 21) and runners (n = 17) and compared them to those of untrained controls (n = 20). TBV (ml x kg(-1)) was calculated as the sum of RCV (ml x kg(-1)) and PV (ml x kg(-1)) obtained using 51Cr and 125I-labelled albumin, respectively. Hematological assessment was carried out using a Coulter counter. Peak aerobic power (VO2peak) was measured during progressive exercise to fatigue using both cycle and treadmill ergometry. RCV was 15% higher (P < 0.05) in male cyclists [35.4 (1.0), mean (SE); n = 12] and runners [35.3 (0.98); n = 9] compared to the controls [30.7 (0.92); n = 12]. Similar differences existed between the female cyclists [28.2 (2.1); n = 9] and runners [28.4 (1.0); n = 8] compared to the untrained controls [24.9 (1.4); n = 8]. For the male athletes, PV was between 19% (cyclists) and 28% (runners) higher (P < 0.05) in the trained athletes compared to the untrained controls. The differences in PV between the female groups were not significant. Although the males had a higher (P < 0.05) TBV, RCV and PV than the females, no differences between cyclists and runners were found for either gender. Mean cell volume was not different between the athletic groups. VO2peak (ml x kg(-1) x min(-1)) was higher (P < 0.05) in both male [68.4 (1.5)] and female [54.8 (2.1)] runners when compared to the untrained males [47.1 (1.0)] and females [40.5 (2.1)]. Although differences existed between the genders in VO2peak for both cyclists and runners, no differences were found between the athletic groups within a gender. Since the vascular volumes were not different between cyclists and runners for either the males or females, foot-strike hemolysis would not appear to have an effect on that parameter. The significant correlations (P < 0.05) found between VO2peak and RCV (r = 0.64 and 0.64) and TBV (r = 0.82 and 0.63) for the males and females, respectively, suggests a role for the vascular system in realizing a high aerobic power.