Sex pheromone components ofHeliothis maritima: chemical identification, flight tunnel and field tests

Three sex pheromonal components, (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16:Ald), (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11–16:OH), and hexadecanal (16:Ald), in a ratio of 88.0∶7.2∶4.8, were identified from ovipositor extracts of the fulvous clover moth,Heliothis maritima Grasl. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) by gas chromatographymass spectrometry. In addition, trace amounts of (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9–16:Ald) were detected in the extracts by GC. A blend of Z11–16:Ald, Z11–16:OH and 16:Ald in a ratio of 100∶6∶3, as well as in combination with 0.1 or 1 part Z9–16:Ald was tested at 0.01, 0.1, 1.0 and 10.0 μg doses in a flight tunnel. In flight tunnel tests male behavioral responses elicited by 0.1 or 1.0 μg doses of the 100∶6∶3∶1 blend were similar to those elicited by an ovipositor extract at 2 female equivalents. Deletion of Z9–16:Ald from the blend at 0.1 μg dose caused a decrease in the male response. In the field test, however, presence or absence of Z9–16:Ald did not significantly influence the number of males trapped in sticky traps with rubber septa containing 100 μg of the respective blends.     

(Z)-9-tetradecenal: a potent inhibitor of pheromone-mediated communication in the oriental tobacco budworm moth,Helicoverpa assulta

The behavioural significance of (Z)-9-tetradecenal to male H. assulta was tested by comparing the number of moths attracted to lures containing a standard synthetic female sex pheromone with lures in which (Z)-9-tetradecenal was also added. The standard pheromone mixture used contained 1000 g (Z)-9-hexadecenal, 50 g (Z)-11-hexadecenal, 300 g (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate and 15 g (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate impregnated on rubber septa. Addition of (Z)-9-tetradecenal to the standard pheromone was shown to significantly reduce the caught of male H. assulta when added in amounts greater than 10 g or 1% of the major pheromone component in both field and net-house experiments. The reduction in catch was found to be dependent on the quantity of (Z)-9-tetradecenal added to the standard pheromone. The implications of these results on conspecific and inter-specific pheromone-mediated communication in H. assulta and related sympatric heliothine species is discussed.Abbreviations Z9-16:AL (Z)-9-hexadecenal - Z11-16:AL (Z)-11-hexadecenal - Z9-16:AC (Z)-9-hexadecenyl acetate - Z11-16:AC (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate - Z9-14:AL (Z)-9-tetradecenal - Z9-16:OH (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol - Z11-16:OH (Z)-11-hexadecen-1-ol - RH relative humidity     

MaleHeliothis virescens maintain upwind flight in response to experimentally pulsed filaments of their sex pheromone (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

Aspects of the intermittent fine structure of an odor plume were mimicked and experimentally modified in the wind tunnel using an air-pulsing device. Filaments of a behaviorally active blend of six sex-pheromone components created by the device in a temporally regular fashion elicited sustained upwind flight and source location in male Heliothis virescens.Males did not exhibit sustained upwind flight in significant numbers until a frequency of 4 filaments/s was delivered, at a loading of 1 g of the major component, Z11-16: Ald, with the other components loaded at their appropriate ratios. A loading of 10 g Z11-16: Ald was found to be optimal at this filament delivery rate. Electroantennogram recordings to different filament delivery rates of the complete blend indicated that a stationary male antenna can respond to the pulse rates used in this study. Importantly, when a main component necessary for upwind flight, Z9-14:Ald, was isolated into its own filaments and pulsed alternately against filaments of the five other components (including the other component essential for upwind flight, Z11-16: Ald), upwind flight to the source was significantly reduced (9%) compared to upwind flight and source location in response to filaments composed of the entire blend (30%), indicating that the complete pheromone blend must arrive on the antenna simultaneously for optimal evocation of sustained upwind progress. Neurophysiological evidence from other studies suggests that higher-order interneurons whose phasic response is enhanced when the entire blend is presented simultaneously may be of importance in explaining this behavioral difference stemming from synchronous vsasynchronous arrival of the components.     

温度和光周期对棉铃虫雌性信息素成分的含量与比例的影响

用气相色谱分析法研究了温度和光周期对棉铃虫雌蛾分泌性信息素的影响。结果表明,温度和光周期对棉铃虫雌蛾分泌性信息素各组分的含量影响较为明显。统计分析表明,不同温度和光周期条件下,性信息素各组分的含量差异显著（P＜0．05）,温度越低,光周期越短,各组分的含量越高。温度对性信息素各组分的相对比例影响较小,而光周期对性信息素各组分的相对比例影响明显,不同光周期下性信息素各组分的相对比例差异显著（P＜0．05）。     

烟青虫(Helicoverpa assulta Guenée)信息素的结构鉴定及田间试验(英语)

北京地区的烟青虫(Helicover Pa asslta Cucn(?)e)的性信息素腺体提取物经毛细管柱气相色谱分析及GC MS分析,鉴定了6种组分.这6种组分为:十六醛(16:Ald)、顺 9—十六烯醛(Z9—16:Ald)、顺11—十六烯醛(Zll 16:Ald)、顺9—十六烯醇(Z9-16:OH)、顺11—十六烯醇(Zll-16:OH)、顺9—十六烯基乙酸酯(Z9 16:OAc),比例为10.9:58.7:3.9:14.7:1.1:10.7.田间试验表明,只有16:Ald、Z9 16:Ald和Zll 16:Ald(比例为15.3:79.2:5.5)组成的三组分诱芯和Z9—16:Ald和Zll—16:Ald(比例为93.4:6.6)组成的两组分诱芯对于雄蛾有强烈的引诱活性.在3种醛为组分的诱芯中加入Z9 16:OH明显地降低引诱活性.     

SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF HELICOVERPA ARMIGERA:CHEMICAL ANALYSIS AND FIELD TESTS*

Abstract Gas chromatographic and mass spectral analyses were conducted on the pheromone gland extracts of female moth of Helicoverpa armigera (Lepidoptera:Noctuidae). Saturated aldehyde (16:Ald), (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z-9–16:Ald), (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z-11–16:Ald), hexade-canol (16:OH) and (Z)-11-hexadecenol (2–11–16:OH) were found from gland extracts in the ratio of 6.1:4. 5 :100:3. 5 :8.8. In field tests of Shandong and Shanxi Provinces, 2 mg blends of Z -11–16:Ald and Z-9–16:Ald (97:3) applied on a rubber dispenser effectively attracted H. armigera males. The addition of 4%-7% 16 :Ald to the binary mixture caused increase over that of the binary mixture. The addition of 1%Z-11–16:OH to binary or trinary mixture may reduce catches, while addition of 5% Z-11–16:OH reduced catches singnificantly.     

SEX PHEROMONE COMPONENTS OF THE OREIENTAL TOBACCO BUDWORM, HELICOVERPA ASSULTA GUENÉE: IDENTIFICATION AND FIELD TRIALS

Abstract  The sex pheromone gland extracts of the Oriental tobacco budworm, Helicover assulta Guenée, collected from North China in Beijing area, were analyzed by capillary gas chromatograph(GC) and 6 components from the extracts were identified by capillary GC—MS as hexadecanal (16:Ald), (Z)9-hexadecenal (Z9–16:Ald), (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11–16:Ald), (Z)-9-hexadecen-1-ol (Z9–16:OH), Z11-hexadecen-1-ol (Z11–16:OH), Z-9-hexadecenylacetate (Z9–16:OAc) at a ratio of 10. 9: 58. 7: 3. 9: 14. 7: 1.1: 10. 7. Field studies indicated that an optimum blend of Z9–16:Ald and Z11–16:Ald was 100: 7. Addition of 16: Ald or Z9–16:Ac to the two aldehyde blend showed no significant effect on attractiveness. However presence of Z9–16:OH in the blends significantly reduced male captures.     

棉铃虫性外激素成分的化学分析和田间试验

利用毛细柱的气相色谱和质谱对棉铃虫（鳞翅目：夜蛾科）雌蛾腺体提取物的分析,鉴定出了他和十六碳醛、顺－9－十六碳烯醛、顺－11－十六碳烯醛、饱和十六碳醇和顺－11－十六碳烯醇,其相对比例为6．1：4．5：100：3．5：8．8。在山东、山西省的田间试验中,2mg的顺－11－十六碳烯醛和顺－9－十六碳烯醛（97：3）置橡胶塞上能有效地引诱棉铃虫雄蛾。增加4％－7％他和十六碳醛到二元混合物中诱蛾量超过二元混合物。增加1％顺－11－十六碳烯醇到二元或三元混合物中减少诱蛾量,当增加5％顺－11－十六碳醇时诱蛾量大量减少。     

Sex pheromone components ofMamestra suasa: chemical analysis, electrophysiological activity, wind tunnel activity and field tests in two European countries

(Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z-11-16:Ac), (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z-11-16:Ald), (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z-11-16:OH) and hexadecanyl acetate (16:Ac) were found in pheromone gland extracts of femaleMamestra suasa (Den. et Schiff.) in the relative amounts 100/2/10/5. All four compounds were also present in collections of aiiborne volatiles from calling females in a 100/7/5/5 ratio. No traces of 14 carbon aldehydes or acetates were detected. In gland extracts the presence of methyl hexadecanoate methyl (Z)-9-hexadecenoate and methyl (Z)-11-hexadecenoate was demonstrated by base methanolysis. No methyl tetradecenoates were detected. In EAG tests Z-11-16:Ac gave the best responses, followed by (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z-9-14:Ac) Z-11-16:Ald and Z-11-16:OH. In single sensillum recordings large spike amplitude cells in sensilla responded to Z-11-16:Ac, while small spike amplitude cells to both Z-11-16:OH and Z-9-14:Ac. Cells responding to Z-11-16:Ald were found in one out of 60 sensilla tested. In wind tunnel tests 0.1 g of a 10:1 blend of Z-11-16:Ac/Z-11-16:Ald evoked the same responses and at a similar intensity as 3 isolated female pheromone glands did. In field tests a 10:1 blend of Z-11-16:Ac/Z-11-16:Ald caught significant numbers of males in both Bulgaria and Hungary. The addition of 16:Ac to the binary blend did not have any effect, while more than 1% of Z-11-16:OH or 0.1% of Z-9-14:Ac dramatically decreased captures. In comparing different ratios of the, acetate/aldehyde blend at different dose levels, best catches were recorded at the 10:1 ratio and at the highest (1000 g) dose level.

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La composition de la phéromone sexuelle deMamestra suasa: analyse chimique, étude de l'effet par éléctrophysiologie et à la chambre de vol, et piégeages dans deux pays de l'Europe

Résumé On a trouvé l'acetoxy-1 hexadécene-11 Z (Z-11-16:Ac), le hexadécene-11 Z al-1 (Z-11-16:Ald), le hexadécene-11 Z ol-1 (Z-11-16:OH) et l'acetoxy-1 hexadécene (16:Ac) dans des extraits de glandes phéromona les des femelles deMamestra suasa. La proportion relative des composés était 100/2/10/5. Tous les quatre composés ont été présents aussi dans les collections d'émanations des femelles en stade d'appel, dans la proportion un peu différente de 100/7/5/5. On n'a détecté aucune trace des tétradécenes al-1 ou d'acetoxy-1 tétradécenes. On a démontré la présence de hexadécenoate-1 methyl, hexadécene-9 Z oate-1 methyl et héxadécene-11 Z oate-1 methyl dans des extraits des glandes, par la méthode de base methanolysis. On n'a trouvé pas des tétradéceneoates methyl.En éléctroantennographie, Z-11-16:Ac a donné les meilleurs réponses, suivis par l'acetoxy-1 tétradécene-9 Z (Z-9-14:Ac), Z-11-16:Ald et Z-11-16:OH. Dans des études de single sensillum les cellules à amplitude grande ont répondu à la stimulation avec de Z-11-16:Ac, cependant les cellules à amplitude petite ont répondu à la stimulation avec des deux composés Z-9-14:Ac et Z-11-16:OH. On a trouvé des cellules sensitives à Z-11-16:Ald dans 1 entre 60 sensilla étudiés.À la chambre de vol, le dose de 0.1 g d'un mélange de 10:1 de Z-11-16:Ac/Z-11-16:Ald a provoqué les mêmes réponses et à l'intensité pareille comme 3 glandes phéromonales isolées des femelles.En piégeages sur le champs des males en quantité importante ont été capturé par un mélange de 10:1 de Z-11-16:Ac/Z-11-15:Ald en Bulgarie et Hongrie. L'addition de 16:Ac au mélange binaire n'avait aucun effet, cependant l'addition de plus de 1% de Z-11-16:OH ou 0.1% de Z-9-14:Ac a sérieusement diminué les captûres. En comparant des proportions différentes du mélange de l'acetoxy/aldéhyde dans des doses différentes, on a observé les meilleurs captûres avec de la proportion 10:1 et à la dose la plus haute (1 000 g).

     

用性信息素诱剂防治烟青虫的效果

本文研究了两个烟青虫性信息素诱剂配方对烟青虫Helicoverpaassulta (Guen e)成虫的诱杀效果及诱杀成虫后田间烟青虫幼虫的虫口减退率和有虫株减退率。 1型诱芯配比为Z9 1 6 :Ald与Z1 1 1 6 :Ald 1 0 0∶9 5 ;Ⅱ型诱芯配比为 1 6 :Ald和Z9 1 6 :Ald与Z1 1 1 6 :Ald( 1 9 3∶1 0 0∶70 )。结果表明 :烟青虫性信息素诱剂Ⅰ ,Ⅱ型诱芯对烟青虫成虫都有很强的诱杀效果 ,在长达 85d的时间内 ,5个Ⅰ型诱芯共诱杀了4 0 4头雄性成虫 ,5个Ⅱ型诱芯共诱杀 4 1 9头 ,二者没有明显的差异。诱蛾地烟青虫幼虫的虫口密度和有虫株率都有明显的降低 ,Ⅰ、Ⅱ型诱芯使虫口密度和有虫株率的降低幅度均在 6 6 6 7%～ 90 91 %之间。性信息素诱剂使用方便、无毒、不污染环境 ,对烟叶不产生药害 ,防治效果良好 ,具有良好的应用前景。     

Chemical communication in heliothine moths. VII. Correlation between diminished responses to point-source plumes and single filaments similarly tainted with a behavioral antagonist

Addition of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:Ac) into a normally attractive binary blend of Heliothis virescens pheromone components resulted in a suppression of upwind flight and source location by males. Male response was reduced even at the lowest dosages of Z11-16:Ac tested but upwind flight and source location were most clearly reduced when the loading of Z11-16:Ac reached 10% or more of the (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) loading (the major component present in the binary blend). Similar patterns of suppression in response were noted when Z11-16:Ac was added to binary blends of pheromone components at both 10 and 100 μg loadings of Z11-16:Ald. Males in casting flight following upwind flight in a mechanically generated pulsed plume, responded to the interception of a subsequent, single binary-blend filament by making a toward-source upwind surge. Responses of males to a single filament that was tainted by a level of Z11-16:Ac that had allowed some reduced level of upwind flight and source location to occur in the previous plume experiments were diminished compared with their control counterparts. Analysis of the flight tracks revealed that the surges in response to single tainted filaments were stunted because males made fewer significant changes in course angles steered, airspeeds generated, and in the tempo of counterturns executed. Accepted: 28 December 1996     

桃蛀螟,Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenée,性信息素的微量组分的鉴定及田间试验(英文)

除主组分反-10-十六烯醛(E10-16:Ald)外,还鉴定了桃蛀螟.Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenée.性信息素的两种微量组分:顺-10-十六烯醛(Z10-16:Ald)和十六醛(16:Ald)。采用单腺体提取、毛细管柱气相色谱分析的方法测定16:Ald,E10-16:Ald和Z-16:Ald的相对比例为13.0:80.4:6.6。田间试验表明,16:Ald和Z10-16:Ald单个组分诱不到雄蛾.引诱力强的是三组分诱芯(16:Ald:E-10:Ald:Z-Ald为16:100:8)和两组分的诱芯(E-10:Ald:Z-10:Ald为100:8)。     

Genetic basis of sex pheromone blend difference between Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and Helicoverpa assulta (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

The two closely related moth species, Helicoverpa armigera and H. assulta, are sympatric in China. Both species use a mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) and (Z)-9-hexadecenal (Z9-16:Ald) as their sex pheromones but in widely different ratios. Hybridization and backcrossing experiments between H. armigera and H. assulta were conducted and sex pheromone compositions of the parent species, their F(1) hybrids and backcrosses were compared to study the genetic basis of the production of their sex pheromone blend composition. Results show that the difference in sex pheromone blend ratios of these Helicoverpa species is mainly controlled by an autosomal locus with two alleles, with the allele from H. armigera being almost completely dominant over that derived from H. assulta.     

Helicoverpa zea males (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) respond to the intermittent fine structure of their sex pheromone plume and an antagonist in a flight tunnel

Abstract. We investigated the behavioural response of male Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) to the fine-scale structure of an odour plume experimentally modified in a wind tunnel by using an air-pulsing device. Male H. zea flew upwind to pulsed filaments of a binary pheromone blend of (Z)-11-hexadecanal (Z11-16:Ald) and (Z)-9-hexadecanal (Z9-16:Ald) in the ratio of 20:1. Sustained upwind flight in experimentally altered intermittent plumes was dependent on concentration, as well as the frequency of generation of odour filaments. At a loading of 10μg of the major pheromone component, Zll-16:Ald, which gave an emission rate of approximately that released by a female H. zea , sustained upwind flight and source contact correlated positively with filament delivery rate, becoming significant at a minimum filament delivery rate of 2/s. Decreases in upwind progress and source location were recorded at a loading of 1 μg of Z11-16:Ald. At this suboptimal dosage, a high filament generation rate of 10/s was necessary for significant upwind progress and source contact. When an interspecific compound: (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16:OAc), was added to the attractive pheromone binary aldehyde blend of H. zea at a proportion of 10% of the major pheromone component, and pulsed from the same source, there was a significant reduction in sustained upwind progress and source location by males, indicating that Z11-16:OAc is antagonistic to the upwind progress of H. zea. However, Z11-16:OAc was less antagonistic when its filaments were isolated and alternated with pheromone filaments, indicating a strong effect of the synchronous arrival of odour filaments on the antenna needed for antagonism of upwind flight.     

黄杨绢野螟雌蛾性信息素的鉴定及诱蛾活性

【目的】研究旨在深入探讨中国黄杨绢野Diaphania perspectalis 的雌蛾性信息素组成及诱蛾活性。【方法】利用气质联用仪（GC-MS）对黄杨绢野螟正常型性成熟雌蛾的性腺体提取物和合成标样比较分析,并用反-11-十六碳烯醛(E11-16:Ald) 、顺-11-十六碳烯醛（Z-11-16:Ald）、顺-9-十六碳烯醛（Z-9-16:Ald)、顺-11-十六碳烯醇（Z-11-16:OH)等物质进行触角的电生理测定,最后开展田间诱集比较试验以筛选出最佳性信息素混合物。【结果】Z-11-16:Ald为中国黄杨绢野螟正常型性信息素主要组分,E-11-16:Ald的含量极低,Z-11-16:OH未检测到。正常型雄性黄杨绢野螟触角对Z-11-16:Ald, E-11-16:Ald, Z-9-16:Ald和Z-11-16:OH产生强烈的EAG反应,并随着浓度的提高而显著增加;而对Z-11-16:Ac和E-11-16:Ac的嗅觉反应较弱,低于对植物绿叶气味顺3-己烯乙酸酯（Z-3-6:Ac）的反应。单一Z-1-16:Ald对正常型雄性黄杨绢野螟具有强烈的诱集效果,加入E-11-16:Ald有一定的增效作用,但在统计上则不显著。单一Z-11-16:Ald组分对黑化型雄性黄杨绢野螟无引诱活性,必需加入一定比例的E-11-16:Ald才显示诱蛾活性。Z-11-16:Ald:E-11-16:Ald的比例为250 μg:250 μg时诱集到的黑化型雄性黄杨绢野螟数量最多,而Z-11-16:Ald:E-11-16:Ald的比例为429 μg:71 μg时则诱集到的正常型雄性黄杨绢野螟数量最多。同时,单一Z-11-16:Ald也可引诱大量雄性粘虫Mythimna separata,但E-11-16:Ald抑制其活性。【结论】中国黄杨绢野螟的性信息素主成分是Z-11-16:Ald,单一组分即可在田间强烈引诱雄蛾,E-11-16:Ald的功能只起到微弱的增效作用,但也可能起种的专一性的作用。正常型与黑化型黄杨绢野螟对性信息素的嗅觉反应存在差异,黑化型黄杨绢野螟的性信息素接近日本种,即性信息素组成为Z-11-16:Ald和E-11-16:Ald 的混合物,其比例为1:1,且E-11-16:Ald为必需。     

Pheromone biosynthetic pathways in the moths Helicoverpa zea and Helicoverpa assulta

Sex pheromones of many Lepidopteran species have relatively simple structures consisting of a hydrocarbon chain with a functional group and usually one to several double bonds. The sex pheromones are usually derived from fatty acids through a specific biosynthetic pathway. We investigated the incorporation of deuterium-labeled palmitic and stearic acid precursors into pheromone components of Helicoverpa zea and Helicoverpa assulta. The major pheromone component for H. zea is (Z)11-hexadecenal (Z11-16:Ald) while H. assulta utilizes (Z)9-hexadecenal (Z9-16:Ald). We found that H. zea uses palmitic acid to form Z11-16:Ald via delta 11 desaturation and reduction, but also requires stearic acid to biosynthesize the minor pheromone components Z9-16:Ald and Z7-16:Ald. The Z9-16:Ald is produced by delta 11 desaturation of stearic acid followed by one round of chain-shortening and reduction to the aldehyde. The Z7-16:Ald is produced by delta 9 desaturation of stearic acid followed by one round of chain-shortening and reduction to the aldehyde. H. assulta uses palmitic acid as a substrate to form Z9-16:Ald, Z11-16:Ald and 16:Ald. The amount of labeling indicated that the delta 9 desaturase is the major desaturase present in the pheromone gland cells of H. assulta; whereas, the delta 11 desaturase is the major desaturase in pheromone glands of H. zea. It also appears that H. assulta lacks chain-shortening enzymes since stearic acid did not label any of the 16-carbon aldehydes.     

A comparison of responses from olfactory receptor neurons of<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Heliothis subflexa</Emphasis> and<Emphasis Type="Italic"> Heliothis virescens</Emphasis> to components of their sex pheromone

Single-cell electrophysiological recordings were obtained from olfactory receptor neurons in sensilla trichodea on male antennae of the heliothine species Heliothis subflexa and the closely related congener H. virescens. A large percentage of sensilla (72% and 81%, respectively, of all sensilla sampled) contained a single odor-responsive receptor neuron tuned to the major pheromone component of both species, Z-11-hexadecenal. A second population of sensilla on H. subflexa antennae (18%) housed receptor neurons that were tuned to Z-9-hexadecenal but also responded with less sensitivity to Z-9-tetradecenal. A similar population of sensilla (4%) on H. virescens male antennae housed receptor neurons that were shown to be tuned specifically only to Z-9-tetradecenal, with no response to even high dosages of Z-9-hexadecenal. A third population of sensilla (comprising 8% and 16% of the sensilla sampled in H. subflexa and H. virescens, respectively) housed two olfactory receptor neurons, one of which was tuned to Z-11-hexadecenyl acetate and the other tuned to Z-11-hexadecenol. In H. subflexa the Z-11-hexadecenyl acetate-tuned neuron also responded to Z-9-tetradecenal with nearly equivalent sensitivity. The behavioral requirements of males of these two species for distinct pheromonal blends was, therefore, reflected by the subtle differences in the tuning properties of antennal olfactory receptor neurons.Abbreviations MGC macroglomerular complex - ORN olfactory receptor neuron - Z9–14:Ald (Z)-9-tetradecenal - Z9–16:Ald (Z)-9-hexadecenal - Z11–16:Ac (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate - Z11–16:Ald (Z)-11-hexadecenal - Z11–16:OH (Z)-11-hexadecenol     

IDENTIFICATION OF MINOR COMPONENTS OF THE SEX PHEROMONE OF YELLOW PEACH MOTH DICHOROCIS PUNCTIFEEALIS GUENÉE AND FIELD TRIALS

Abstract  Along with the major component, (E1–10–hexadecenal (E10–16: Al,), two minor components, (Z)-10-hexadecenal(Z10-l6:Aid) and hexadecanal (16: Ald) were identified as components of the sex pheromone of Dichocrocis punctiferalis Guenee. Analysis of single sex pheromone gland extracts by capillary gas chromatography indicated that the relative ratio of 16:Ald, E10–16:Ald_t and 210–16:Ald was equal to 13. 0:80. 4:6. 6 respectively. Field trails indicated that 210–16: Ald and 16: Aid alone caught no males. The most attractive was a blend containing 16: Ald, E10–16:Ald, and 210–16: Ald at a ratio of 16:100:8, and a two-compound blend of E10–16:Ald and 210–16:Ald at a ratio of 100:8.     

粘虫雄蛾触角对其性信息素的电生理反应

用自行组装的触角电位仪,测定了粘虫Mythimna separata雄蛾蛾龄对标准化合物顺-11-十六碳烯醛(Z11-16：A1d)、顺-9-十六碳烯醛(Z9-16:Ald)和十六碳醛(16：A1d)的EAG反应的影响,分析了雄蛾触角对3种标准化合物的剂量-反应关系,发现粘虫雄蛾对Zll-16,Ald和Z9-16：Ald的剂量-反应曲线呈现出典型的“S”型,并且反应阐值较低。而对16：A1d几乎没有反应。最为重要的是检测了粘虫雄蛾对雌蛾腺体提取物的EAG反应,反应值的大小与样品中所提取的雌蛾腺体数目成正比。通过检测粘虫雄蛾对羽化不同天数,以及同一天羽化、在暗期不同时辰提取的雌蛾腺体提取物的EAG反应,证实了粘虫雄蛾的反应曲线与雌蛾释放性信息素的时辰节律呈正相关。还比较了烟青虫和粘虫雄蛾对粘虫雌蛾腺体提取物的EAG反应,间接证实了粘虫雌蛾腺体提取物中可能含有次要组分Z9-16;A1d。     

Responses of Mamestra suasa male moths to synthetic pheromone compounds in a wind tunnel

The upwind flight and landing responses of male Mamestra suasa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) to various synthetic chemicals were studied in a wind tunnel. A mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16: Ac) and (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16: Ald) elicited upwind flight responses past the midpoint of the wind tunnel, and both components were necessary for landing of the males to occur at the pheromone source point. The best response to the mixtures tested was to a ratio 100:1 (ng) of Z11-16: Ac and Z11-16: Ald (blend B).The addition of (Z)-9-tetradecenyl acetate (Z9-14: Ac) (10 ng) to blend B resulted in a significant decrease of upwind flight and landing responses. The inhibitory effect of this chemical when it is mixed with blend B, and the presence of a specific receptor for this compound in sensilla trichodea of male M. suasa, suggest that Z9-14: Ac is involved in the chemical communication between M. suasa and other sympatric species. The addition of (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16: OH) (1 or 10 ng) to blend B had no effect on male upwind flight and landing responses. This compound does not seem to be involved in the chemical communication of this species.

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Résumé L'observation et la comptabilisation des vols orientés et des atterrissages des mâles de Mamestra suasa (Den. & Schiff.) (Lepidoptera; Noctuidae) sur une source de phéromone de synthèse ont mis en évidence un mélange attractif appelé mélange B et constitué par 100 ng de Z11-16: Ac et 1 ng de Z11-16: Ald. L'attraction et l'atterrissage sont sous la dépendance du mélange de ces 2 composés. Les variations de leurs proportions relatives affectent les différentes phases du comportement de vol des mâles.L'addition de 10 ng d'acétoxy-1 tetradécène-9 Z (Z9-14: Ac) diminue significativement les proportions de vols orientés et d'atterrissages par rapport aux réponses obtenues avec le mélange B seul. L'effet inhibiteur de cette molécule sur l'attractivité du mélange B et la présence chez M. suasa d'un récepteur spécialisé dans la perception de ce composé suggèrent que le Z9-14: Ac est impliqué dans la communication chimique entre M. suasa et d'autres espèces sympatriques. L'addition d'hexadécènol-11 Z (Z11-16: OH) au mélange B à la dose de 1 ou 10 ng ne modifie pas les réponses des mâles. Ce composé ne semble pas impliqué dans la communication chimique chez M. suasa.